In the previous article about the recent removal of Google play applications, we discussed how to evaluate the quality of IP addresses. This article will continue to explore several key points that impact IP addresses on developer account association issues, as well as the location of IP address ownership. importance.
IP reuse and recycling leads to correlation
When Google determines the association of abused IP and accounts, in addition to evaluating the frequency of reuse of IP addresses, it will also consider the number of times the same IP segment corresponding to the ASN appears in the same region, and other addresses in the IP segment are used by Google. The number of transactions.
Since the number of IPv4 addresses is limited, cloud vendors will regularly recycle IP addresses and reallocate them for sale to users. An ordinary cloud vendor may have thousands of IP addresses in a certain area, and these IPs may be shared by many users. Therefore, this may cause some users to find that they are inexplicably associated with other accounts by Google after purchasing the IP listing package.
So what are the deeper reasons and circumstances that lead to account association because cloud vendor IP addresses are regularly recycled and redistributed for sale to users? This involves the role of the RIR structure, which can be explained.
What is an RIR institution?
The RIR organization is an organization responsible for the management and allocation of IP address resources. Its core responsibility is to manage the allocation and space of IP addresses in specific areas to ensure the normal registration, rotation and operation of IP addresses.
RIR organizations cooperate with backbone network operators around the world to maintain and update IP address databases in various regions. Its main task is to align IPV4 addresses with data from major manufacturers/platforms, including key information such as broadcast addresses, ASNs, C segments and broadcast attributes, and provide corresponding technical support.
What is the role of RIR institutions?
As mentioned earlier, RIR organizations are responsible for IP address allocation and registration, as well as maintenance. First, cloud service providers need to register their own ASNs and lease IPV4 addresses from backbone network providers, and then allocate these IP addresses to their respective ASNs through RIR organizations. After completing these steps, the cloud service provider can take these IPs to the hosting room for use.
Since the lease time, C segment and quantity of the IP address are already clear at the time of purchase, and the allocation period of the RIR organization is relatively long, usually, if the user chooses not to renew after the lease expires, the cloud provider will For the purpose of cost control, these IPs will be recycled and waiting for new users to lease them.
However, these IP addresses have not been changed to other ISP organizations or rotated to other countries, so the platform will not reset the usage information of these IPs. Once new users purchase these IP addresses, they will most likely be directly linked to their previous accounts by the platform.
IP segment C
As shown in the figure, IP addresses are mainly classified into five categories: A, B, C, D, and E. Among them, three categories A, B, and C are widely used in the Internet. Generally, platform judgment will only be evaluated from these three categories. Category D is used for multicast addresses, and category E is reserved for future and experimental use.
There are many options for IP segment C, the most common of which are /24 /23 /21 /19. The total number of these types of IPs is relatively small, and due to the business structure, all IPs are basically continuously distributed in a segment, which leads Google to associate consecutive IPs.
For example, if an IP is 192.168.1.1/24, then its IP address range is 192.168.1.0 to 192.168.1.255. If these 256 IP addresses are all used for Google business, they may be determined to be related because they are connected or in the same physical computer room. Once there are multiple violations, the associated accounts will be banned.
IP location
Determining where the IP belongs mainly depends on how each major platform defines it. Due to IP database synchronization issues, the determination results of different platforms may be different, so judgments need to be made based on specific business scenarios.
Taking Google as an example, your IP activity address will be displayed at the bottom of the Google search results page. This is Google's determination of your IP address. If your business scenario meets this determination, then there will be no problem with your IP location.
High-quality service providers will synchronize the IP location and information with major platforms after obtaining the IP. If it comes from a regular and high-quality IP operator, there will generally not be much deviation. You can use IPinfo.io to check whether the IP is available.
About the aggregation cloud platform
What is a converged cloud platform? What are its advantages?
Here, we need to review the ASN of the IP we talked about before. Generally speaking, the ASN of an IP operator is fixed. If this IP operator is used by a large number of users, its ASN will be frequently recorded by various platforms and blacklisted.
Therefore, most people prefer to use niche platforms. The ASNs of niche platforms are relatively new and have been included less frequently by the platform. In the initial stage of use, the platform will hardly associate accounts with this ASN. However, long-term and heavy use may also lead to ASN association, which may lead to account problems.
The advantage of the aggregation cloud platform is that it brings together IP resources from multiple platforms, and since each IP uses different ASNs and IP segments, it can largely avoid account bans due to these two factors. Case.
In general, among the various factors that affect the success of Google's vest package, IP's weight and importance are not that high compared to code and information materials. However, IP is still very likely to become a key factor in Google's system determining whether accounts are related, so it is necessary to take precautions and do a comprehensive job in preventing association.