2.8Menubar menu

2.8Menubar menu

This time the effect will be like the picture below.

Note that the operating system here is Apple's MacOS, and its menu bar position is different from that of Windows. In the picture


below, except for the Cut, Copy, and Paste options, the rest are Options generated by Apple are not available in Windows.

menubar component
The following is the process of making the entire menu bar. We first need to add a Menubar as the overall framework, and then add some components to the Menubar.

##创建一个菜单栏，这里我们可以把他理解成一个容器，在窗口的上方
menubar = tk.Menu(window)

##定义一个空菜单单元
filemenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)

##将上面定义的空菜单命名为`File`，放在菜单栏中，就是装入那个容器中
menubar.add_cascade(label='File', menu=filemenu)

##在`File`中加入`New`的小菜单，即我们平时看到的下拉菜单，每一个小菜单对应命令操作。
##如果点击这些单元, 就会触发`do_job`的功能
filemenu.add_command(label='New', command=do_job)
filemenu.add_command(label='Open', command=do_job)##同样的在`File`中加入`Open`小菜单
filemenu.add_command(label='Save', command=do_job)##同样的在`File`中加入`Save`小菜单

filemenu.add_separator()##这里就是一条分割线

##同样的在`File`中加入`Exit`小菜单,此处对应命令为`window.quit`
filemenu.add_command(label='Exit', command=window.quit)

The same is true when we define another menu. EditIt is the same as the defined Filemenu. Let's take a look at the effect. The menu with a different effect is the menu Filein Import. In this menu option, we can also branch out more options.

submenu = tk.Menu(filemenu)##和上面定义菜单一样，不过此处实在`File`上创建一个空的菜单
filemenu.add_cascade(label='Import', menu=submenu, underline=0)##给放入的菜单`submenu`命名为`Import`
submenu.add_command(label="Submenu1", command=do_job)##这里和上面也一样，在`Import`中加入一个小菜单命令`Submenu1`

Trigger function

counter = 0
def do_job():
    global counter
    l.config(text='do '+ str(counter))
    counter+=1

The function here is that every time a command is triggered, the counter will +1, and the display on the label will be
implemented from do 0, do 1, do 2... code

import tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()
window.title('my window')
window.geometry('200x200')

l = tk.Label(window, text='', bg='yellow')
l.pack()
counter = 0
def do_job():
    global counter
    l.config(text='do '+ str(counter))
    counter+=1

menubar = tk.Menu(window)
filemenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
menubar.add_cascade(label='File', menu=filemenu)
filemenu.add_command(label='New', command=do_job)
filemenu.add_command(label='Open', command=do_job)
filemenu.add_command(label='Save', command=do_job)
filemenu.add_separator()
filemenu.add_command(label='Exit', command=window.quit)

editmenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
menubar.add_cascade(label='Edit', menu=editmenu)
editmenu.add_command(label='Cut', command=do_job)
editmenu.add_command(label='Copy', command=do_job)
editmenu.add_command(label='Paste', command=do_job)

submenu = tk.Menu(filemenu)
filemenu.add_cascade(label='Import', menu=submenu, underline=0)
submenu.add_command(label="Submenu1", command=do_job)

window.config(menu=menubar)

window.mainloop()