1. Fill in the blanks (1 point for each blank, 32 points in total)
1. During sugar absorption, _________ and _________ can combine with carrier proteins and be rapidly absorbed.
2. Amylose is composed of glucose linked by __________ glycosidic bonds, while cellulose is composed of glucose linked by __________ glycosidic bonds.
3. The digestive enzymes that require bile salt activation are ___________ and _________.
4. The main loss of rice and noodles due to heating during the cooking process is ___________.
5. The fatty food of fish contains a large amount of ________, which can remove the ________ from atherosclerotic spots, thereby preventing cardiovascular diseases.
6. When measuring the protein content in a sample using the Kjeldahl method, the protein conversion factor is __________.
7. _________ refers to the degree of closeness between the measured values of parallel measurements. It is often expressed as __________ in nutritional analysis.
8. A more reasonable distribution of the total energy of three meals a day is: breakfast and lunch each occupy ________ and _______.
9. The high-quality protein in dietary nutrition evaluation refers to __________ foods.
10. The best source of animal protein for the elderly is, and high-quality protein requires at least ________.
11. The important element that can enhance the body’s heat resistance is ___________.
12. Under stress conditions such as trauma and infection, energy consumption increases sharply and the body produces ketone bodies___________.
13. Altered nutritional factors in acute renal failure include ________, ______, and ________.
14. Minerals such as ________, _______ and ________ should be appropriately supplemented during nutritional treatment of hyperthyroidism.
15. The most important nutritional treatment for glycogen storage disease is ___________.
16. Mung bean is sweet and cold in nature, returns to the heart and stomach, and has the health-care effects of ________ and ________.
17. In addition to plasma protein levels, among anthropometric indicators, _________ and ______ can also reflect the protein nutritional status of the body.
18. In the basic dietary management of the hospital, a semi-liquid diet is required to provide _______Kcal of heat energy and _________g of protein throughout the day.
2. Single-choice questions (choose one correct answer among the four alternative answers for each question, and fill in the number of the correct answer in the brackets of the question stem. Each question is worth 1 point, a total of 18 points)
1. Which of the following enzymes is not a digestive enzyme in intestinal juice? ()
A. Aminopeptidase B. Carboxypeptidase C. Lactase D. a-dextrinase
2. Which of the following proteins is a binding protein. ()
A. Globulin B. Albumin C. Gluten D. Phosphoprotein
3. Vitamin E in plasma is carried to various tissues by which of the following proteins. ()
A. β-lipoprotein B. Pre-β-lipoprotein C, α-lipoprotein D. lipoprotein
4. The inorganic salts rich in fish food are ()
A. Calcium, magnesium B. Calcium, iodine C. Calcium, iron D. iron, iodine
5. Which of the following foods is acidic? ()
A. Chinese cabbage B. Milk C. Eggs D. Tea
6. Select a part from a large number of items to represent all samples. This process is called sample ()
A. Preparation B. Collection C. Pretreatment D. All of the above are true
7. When using the organic matter destruction method for sample pretreatment, which of the following nutrients is suitable for determination? ()
A. Iron B. Vitamin B1 C. Fatty acid D. Fructose
8. Cereals and potatoes are the main sources of dietary energy in China, but their main shortcoming is the lack of ()
A. Fat B. High-quality protein C. Carbohydrates D. vitamins
9. () A dietary survey method suitable for general outpatients.
A. Inquiry method B. Accounting method C. Weighing method D. Audit method
10. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, my country has conducted () national nutrition surveys.
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
11. The dietary supply for personnel suffering from hypothermia should increase the proportion of ().
A. Carbohydrates B. Proteins C. Fats D. Minerals
12. When providing TPN nutritional support, it is generally believed that the ratio of EAA/NEAA in terms of nitrogen content should be ()
A. 9:1 B. 1:9 C. 3:1 D. 1:3
13. () Can promote the dissolution and excretion of urate accumulated in tissues.
A. Lactose B. Lactic acid C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin A
14. Which of the following nutrients should be strictly limited in acute pancreatitis? ()
A. Carbohydrates B. Fats C. Proteins D. Inorganic salts
15. The preferred input for patients with protein malnutrition ()
A. Plasma B. Blood C. Albumin D. Amino acids
16. Patients with galactosemia should not eventually cause ()
A. Liver cirrhosis B. Cataracts C. Diabetes D. Psychiatric and neurological disorders
17. Foods that nourish yin in traditional Chinese medicine diet are rich in ingredients except which of the following. ()
A. β-carotene B. Biotin C. Selenium D. Vitamin E
18. Which of the following is not an indication for soft food ()
A. Fever B. Typhoid fever C. Young children D. Maternity
3. Terminology explanation (3 points for each question, 18 points in total)
1. Carbohydrates
2. Polysaccharides that cannot be utilized by the body
3. Recommended daily dietary allowance (RDA) of nutrients
4. Nutrition in special environments
5. Total parenteral nutrition
6. Phenylketonuria
4. Questions and answers (8 points for each question, 32 points in total)
1. Describe the characteristics of water-soluble vitamins.
2. Describe the contents and methods of adding complementary foods for infants and young children.
3. How do diabetic patients receive nutritional treatment?
4. How to evaluate the nutritional status of cancer patients?
Reference answers:
1. Fill in the blanks (1 point for each blank, 32 points in total)
1. Galactose glucose
2. α-1, 4 β-1, 4
3. Pancreatic lipase cholesterol ester acid
4. B vitamins
5. High Density lipoprotein cholesterol
6.6.25
7. Precision coefficient of variation
8.25% ~ 30% 35% ~ 40%
9. Beans and animals
10. Fish 1/3
11. Potassium
12. Inhibit (or reduce)
13. High decomposition Metabolism, negative nitrogen balance, water and electrolyte imbalance
14. Calcium, phosphorus and potassium
15. Correction of hypoglycemia
16. Clearing heat, detoxifying, relieving heat and diuresis
17. Arm muscle circumference creatinine - height index
18 1400～2000 40～60
two. Multiple choice questions (1 point for each question. 18 points in total)
1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.D 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.C 17.B 18.D
3. Explanation of nouns (3 points for each question, 18 points in total)
1. It refers to a large class of compounds with polyhydroxyaldehyde or polyhydroxyketone structures, also known as sugars, and is the main component of energy in human diet.
2. Polysaccharides are carbohydrates composed of many monosaccharide molecules. They are divided into two categories according to whether they can be digested and absorbed by the human body. One category is polysaccharides that cannot be utilized by the body. Such as: cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, gum and alginates.
3. It is based on the nutritional physiological requirements, adding a certain amount, and its value is greater than the physiological requirements. This is due to factors such as different ages, genders, labor intensity, physiological conditions, physiological utilization of various foods, and individual differences. And formulated.
4. Refers to the nutritional needs and dietary supply of people engaged in special operations in special environments.
5. TPN is a nutritional support method that provides all nutrients needed for the body’s metabolic process through parenteral routes. Also called intravenous nutrition.
6. It is an autosomal recessive genetic disease. Due to the lack of phenylalanine hydroxylase, phenylalanine cannot be converted into tyrosine and then converted into phenylpyruvic acid and excreted in the urine. The patient has clinical manifestations of mental retardation, light pigmentation, and foul-smelling urine.
4. Questions and Answers (8 points for each question. 32 points in total)
1. (1) Combines carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes other elements such as cobalt and sulfur (1 point)
(2) Soluble in water, hydrophilic (1) points)
(3) Generally without precursors (1 point)
(4) Easy to absorb (1 point)
(5) Absorbed into the blood (1 point)
(6) Generally does not accumulate poisoning, excess is excreted in urine (1 point) )
(7) Daily supply is advisable (1 point)
(8) Symptoms develop more obviously when lacking (1 point)
2. (1) From 2 to 4 weeks old, add 1 drop of cod liver oil. (2 points)
(2) Add vitamin C, fruit juice, and vegetable juice in 5 to 6 weeks.
If artificial feeding, add it 3 to 4 weeks in advance (2 points)
(3) Add iron-rich foods from 3 to 4 months (1 point)
(4) Add biscuits only after 6 months to train chewing function (2 points) )
(5) Liver puree and minced meat can be added from 8 months onwards (2 points)
3. (1) Limit total caloric energy (2 points)
(2) Ensure that the three major nutrients are supplied in proportion and have a balanced diet (3 points)
(3) Provide a high-fiber diet (1 point)
(4) Supplement vitamins and minerals to reduce Alcohol and sodium intake (2 points)
4. (1) Dietary history investigation: eating habits, special meals, allergic foods, nutrient intake (2 points) (2)
Anthropometric measurements: height, weight, triceps skinfold thickness, upper arm circumference, arm muscle circumference, Creatinine - height index (2 points)
(3) Laboratory tests: such as: plasma protein, blood lipids, urea nitrogen, etc. (2 points)
(4) Determine whether there is malnutrition based on the above three items, and if so, make an evaluation and classify it (2 minutes)