prologue
GitLab is a powerful version control and collaboration platform for managing software development tasks such as code repositories, projects, issue tracking, continuous integration, and deployment. The following is a detailed tutorial on using GitLab, including basic steps in creating a project, adding members, managing code, issue tracking, and continuous integration.
Step 1: Create a GitLab account
If you don't have a GitLab account yet, you first need to register an account on the GitLab official website (https://gitlab.com/). You can choose a free personal account or purchase the enterprise version.
Step 2: Create project
Log in to your GitLab account.
Click the plus icon in the upper right corner of the page and select "New project" to create a new project.
On the project creation page, fill in the project name, description, visibility and other information. You can choose to make your project private or public.
Click the "Create project" button to create the project.
Step 3: Clone the repository
Once you create the project, you can clone it locally for development.
Open the project page and click the "Clone" button in the upper right corner.
Copy the project URL address, for example: https://gitlab.com/yourusername/yourproject.git.
Locally using the Git command line or a graphical interface tool such as Git GUI or GitKraken, clone the project using the following command:
git clone https://gitlab.com/yourusername/yourproject.git
Replace the URL above with your project's URL.
Step 4: Add members
If you need to collaborate with others on a project, you can add them as project members.
Open the project page and click "Settings" in the left menu.
On the project settings page, select "Members".
Enter the member's GitLab username, access level (Guest, Reporter, Developer, Maintainer, Owner, etc.), and then click the "Add to project" button.
Step 5: Manage the code
Now that you have cloned the project, you can start managing the code.
Edit code files locally.
Commit the changes to the GitLab repository using the following command:
git add .
git commit -m "提交说明"
git push origin main
This will push the changes to the master branch (usually main or master) on the GitLab server.
Step 6: Issue Tracking
GitLab also provides issue tracking functionality for managing issues, tasks, and requirements in the project.
Open the project page and click "Issues" in the left menu.
Click the "New issue" button to create a new issue.
Fill in the issue's title, description, tags, and assignment information, and then click the "Submit issue" button.
Step 7: Continuous Integration
GitLab also supports continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) for automating building, testing and deploying code.
1. Create a configuration file named .gitlab-ci.yml in the project to define CI/CD tasks.
Example .gitlab-ci.yml file:
stages:
- build
- test
- deploy
build:
script:
- echo "Building the project..."
test:
script:
- echo "Running tests..."
deploy:
script:
- echo "Deploying the project..."
2. Submit the .gitlab-ci.yml file to the root directory of the project.
3. On the project page, click "CI/CD > Pipelines" in the left menu to start the CI/CD pipeline.
Step 8: Branch Management and Merge Requests
Branch management and merge requests are crucial in team collaboration, allowing team members to independently develop features, fix bugs, and merge changes into the master branch.
Create a branch:
-
Use the command git checkout -b feature-branch locally to create a new feature branch. Replace feature-branch with your branch name.
-
Develop locally and commit changes.
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Use git push origin feature-branch to push the branch to the remote repository.
Merge request: -
On the GitLab project page, click "Merge Requests" in the left menu.
-
Click the "New merge request" button to create a new merge request.
-
Select a source branch (your feature branch) and a target branch (usually main or master).
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Fill in the merge request's title, description, and assignment information.
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Click the "Submit merge request" button to create a merge request.
Code review: -
Team members can conduct code reviews, make suggestions and provide feedback in merge requests.
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You can discuss and provide feedback in the comments area on the merge request page.
Merge changes: -
Once the merge request passes review, you can click the "Merge" button to merge the changes into the target branch.
-
Select a merge option, typically "Merge" or "Rebase".
Step 9: Automated testing
GitLab can integrate with automated testing tools to ensure the quality of your code.
1. Define test tasks in .gitlab-ci.yml. For example:
stages:
- build
- test
build:
script:
- echo "Building the project..."
test:
script:
- echo "Running tests..."
2. When you submit a new merge request, the CI/CD pipeline will automatically run test tasks.
3. If the test fails, the merge request will be marked as unmergeable to ensure that erroneous code is not introduced.
Step 10: Automate deployment
GitLab can also integrate with continuous deployment tools to automate deployment to production environments.
1. Define deployment tasks in .gitlab-ci.yml. For example:
stages:
- build
- test
- deploy
build:
script:
- echo "Building the project..."
test:
script:
- echo "Running tests..."
deploy:
script:
- echo "Deploying the project..."
2. Use the CI/CD pipeline to automatically deploy your code. Depending on your needs, code can be deployed to a test environment, a pre-production environment, or a production environment.