[Java] Java backend latest interview outline 2023 edition

Note:
1. 可能 The following topics will be included.
2. For this outline 并不是详尽无遗 , the interviewer may ask different questions based on actual needs and company characteristics.
3. Some technologies are uncommon, so you can ignore them for now and focus on mastering the ones you have come into contact with.
4. This is just an outline. If there are any omissions or if you think it is wrong, please leave a message to correct me!

The following are the main contents of the Java backend interview:

1. Java basics

• type of data
• control structure
• Exception handling
• collection framework
• input Output
• Multithreading
• Generics
• reflection
• annotation
• New features in Java 8 and newer versions (such as Lambda expressions, Stream API, etc.)

2. Object-oriented programming

• classes and objects
• inherit
• encapsulation
• Polymorphism
• Interfaces and abstract classes
• Design Patterns

3. Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

• memory model
• Garbage collection
• Class loading mechanism
• JIT compiler
• JVM tuning

4. Java Web Development

• Servlets
• JavaServer Pages (JSP)
• JavaServer Faces (JSF)
• Spring framework (such as Spring Boot, Spring MVC, Spring Data, etc.)
• MyBatis
• Hibernate

5. Database

• SQL Basics
• JDBC
• transaction management
• Database connection pool

6. Distributed systems and microservices

• Distributed system concepts and challenges
• Microservice architecture
• Service registration and discovery (such as Eureka)
• API gateway (such as Zuul)
• load balancing
• Distributed transactions
• Containerization technology (such as Docker)
• Container orchestration (such as Kubernetes)

7. RESTful Web Services

• RESTful API design principles
• HTTP status code
• Data format (such as JSON, XML)
• Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)

8. Message queue

• Message queue concept
• Common message queue technologies (such as Kafka, RabbitMQ, ActiveMQ, etc.)

9. Testing

• unit test
• Integration Testing
• Integration Testing
• Test Driven Development (TDD)
• Test framework (such as JUnit, Mockito, TestNG, etc.)

10. Code quality and continuous integration

• Coding standards and coding style
• Refactoring skills
• Static code analysis (such as SonarQube)
• Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Delivery (CD) (such as Jenkins, GitLab CI/CD, GitHub Actions, etc.)
• Code version control (such as Git)

11. Security

• Authentication and authorization
• OAuth2和OpenID Connect
• JSON Web Tokens (JWT)
• Secure transmission (such as HTTPS)
• SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS) protection

12. Performance optimization

• Performance analysis tools (such as JProfiler, VisualVM, etc.)
• Caching strategy (such as Redis, Memcached, etc.)
• Database performance optimization
• Concurrency and multi-threading optimization
• JVM tuning

13. Java new technologies and frameworks

• Reactive programming (such as Spring WebFlux, Project Reactor, etc.)
• Serverless architecture (such as AWS Lambda)
• Java new version features
• Other popular frameworks and libraries (such as Quarkus, Vert.x, etc.)

Kind tips:

When preparing for an interview, in addition to familiarizing yourself with the above topics, you also need to focus on practical application scenarios and best practices.
Practical coding experience and problem-solving skills are very important for Java backend developers. At the same time, it is equally important
to communicate effectively with the interviewer and demonstrate your learning ability and teamwork spirit .

If there are any mistakes, please let me know!
When reprinting or quoting the content of this article, please indicate the source and original author: Juzu Qingzhong;