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fsck
Checks and attempts to repair errors in the file system
Additional information
fsckThe command is used to check and attempt to repair errors in the file system. When an error occurs in the file system, you can use fsckcommands to try to repair it.
grammar
fsck [选项] [参数]
Options
-a: Automatically repair the file system without asking any questions;-A: According to/etc/fstabthe content of the configuration file, check all file systems listed in the file;-N: Does not execute the instruction, only lists the actions that will be performed during actual execution;-P: When-Aused with parameters, all file systems will be checked at the same time;-r: Use interactive mode to ask questions when performing repairs, allowing users to confirm and decide how to handle them;-R: When-Aused with parameters, the file system of the directory will be skipped/and not checked;-s: Execute inspection operations sequentially instead of simultaneously;-t <文件系统类型>:Specify the file system type to be checked;-T:fsckWhen executing the command, the title information will not be displayed;-V: Display the instruction execution process.
parameter
- File system: Specify the file system for which you want to view information.
Example
Corruption of the Linux file system will cause Linux to shut down abnormally. When an error occurs, if the system tells you which hard disk partition has a problem, for example /dev/hda2, you can use the following command to deal with it:
fsck -y /dev/hda2
After the repair is completed, use rebootthe command to restart the system.
If you don't know where the problem is, just enter it in the subsequent confirmation dialog boxes y:
fsck
After the repair is completed, use the same rebootcommand to restart the system.
hdparm
Display and set hard disk parameters
Additional information
hdparmThe command provides a command line interface for reading and setting IDE or SCSI hard disk parameters.
grammar
hdparm [选项] [参数]
Options
-a <快取分区>: Set the number of partitions to be pre-stored in the block area when reading a file. If no<快取分区>option is added, the current setting will be displayed;-A <0或1>: Enable or disable the cache function when reading files;-c <I/O模式>: Set IDE32-bit I/O mode;-C: Detect the power management mode of IDE hard disk;-d <0或1>: Set the DMA mode of the disk;-f: Write the data in the memory buffer to the hard disk and clear the buffer;-g: Display the hard disk’s tracks, heads, sectors and other parameters;-h: Display help;-i: Displays the hardware specification information of the hard disk, which is provided by the hard disk itself when booting;-I: Directly read the hardware specification information provided by the hard disk;-k <0或1>: When resetting the hard disk, keep-dmuthe parameter settings;-K <0或1>: When resetting the hard disk, keep-APSWXZthe parameter settings;-m <磁区数>: Set the number of partitions for multi-partition access on the hard disk;-n <0或1>: Ignore errors that occur when writing to the hard disk;-p <PIO模式>: Set the PIO mode of the hard disk;-P <磁区数>: Set the number of partitions cached within the hard disk;-q: Do not display any information on the screen when executing subsequent parameters;-r <0或1>: Set the read and write mode of the hard disk;-S <时间>: Set the waiting time before the hard disk enters power saving mode;-t: Evaluate the reading efficiency of the hard disk;-T: Evaluate the read efficiency of hard disk cache;-u <0或1>: During hard disk access, allow other interrupt requests to be executed at the same time;-v: Display related settings of hard disk;-w <0或1>: Set the write cache of the hard disk;-X <传输模式>:Set the hard disk transfer mode;-y: Put the IDE hard disk into power saving mode;-Y: Put the IDE hard disk into sleep mode;-Z: Turn off the automatic power saving function of some Seagate hard drives.
parameter
- Device file: Specify the device file name corresponding to the id driver.
Example
Display the relevant settings of the hard disk:
hdparm /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
IO_support = 0 (default 16-bit)
readonly = 0 (off)
readahead = 256 (on)
geometry = 19457 [柱面数] / 255 [磁头数] / 63 [扇区数], sectors = 312581808 [总扇区数], start = 0 [起始扇区数]
Display the number of cylinders, heads, and sectors of the hard disk:
hdparm -g /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
geometry = 19457 [柱面数] / 255 [磁头数] / 63 [扇区数], sectors = 312581808 [总扇区数], start = 0 [起始扇区数]
Test the read speed of the hard disk:
hdparm -T /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads: 4684 MB in 2.00 seconds = 2342.92 MB/sec
Test the read speed of the hard disk cache:
hdparm -T /dev/xvda
/dev/xvda:
Timing cached reads: 11154 MB in 1.98 seconds = 5633.44 MB/sec
Detect the power management mode of the hard drive:
hdparm -C /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
drive state is: standby [省电模式]
Query and set the number of sectors for multi-sector access of the hard disk to improve the access efficiency of the hard disk:
hdparm -m /dev/sda
hdparm -m # 参数值为整数值如8 /dev/sda
Attached: How to repair hard drive bad sectors
Check: smartctl -l selftest /dev/sda
Uninstall: umount /dev/sda*
Repair:badblocks /dev/sda
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