This article teaches you a quick introduction and basic explanation of Pytest, you must read it!

Preface

There are currently two testing frameworks for pure testing, pytest and unittest.
Unittest should be well known, and it is an old framework. Many people use it for automation, whether it is UI or interface.
pytest is another more advanced and easier-to-use unit testing framework developed based on unittest.
Whether you go out for an interview or talk to others, pytest is obviously more powerful than unittest.

Why use Pytest

According to the official website of pytest, it has the following characteristics:

Very easy to get started, simple to get started, rich documentation, there are many examples in the documentation for reference
Able to support simple unit testing and complex functional testing
Support parameterization
During the test execution process, you can skip certain tests, or mark certain cases that are expected to fail as failures.
Supports repeated execution (rerun) failure cases
Supports running test cases written by nose and unittest
Can generate html reports
Convenient sustainable integration tool jenkins integration
Can support execution of some use cases
Has many third-party plug-ins and can be customized and extended

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Install Pytest

cmd run

pip install -U pytest

pip3 install pytest -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ --trusted-host pypi.douban.com

View version

pytest --version

quick start

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
__title__  =
__Time__   = 2020-04-06 12:33
__Author__ = 小菠萝测试笔记
__Blog__   = https://www.cnblogs.com/poloyy/
"""

def func(x):
    return x + 1


def test_answer():
    assert func(3) == 5


class TestClass:
    def test_one(self):
        x = "this"
        assert "h" in x

    def test_two(self):
        x = "hello"
        assert hasattr(x, "check")

Then, cmd enters the current file directory and executes it directly

pytest

Knowledge points

If you only execute pytest, it will search for files starting with test_*.py or *_test.py in the current directory and its subdirectories. After finding the file, find the function starting with test in the file and execute it.
If you only want to execute a certain file, you can pytest start.py
Adding -q displays simple results: pytest -q start.py

Design principles for Pytest use cases

When writing test cases with Pytest, you must follow the following rules, otherwise test cases that do not comply with the rules will not be executed.

File names begin with test_*.py files and *_test.py
Functions starting with test_
Classes starting with Test cannot contain the __init__ method
Methods in classes starting with test_
All packages must have an __init__.py file

Pytest execution use case rules

Note that the following is all about executing the pytest command in cmd.

1. All use cases in a certain directory

pytest

2. Execute the use case under a certain py file

pytest 脚本名称.py

3. Run a function in the start.py module, or a class, or a method in a class

You can add v or not add -v. If you add -v, the printed information will be more detailed.

pytest -v 08_mark.py::TestClass::test_method

pytest 08_mark.py::TestClass::test_method

pytest start.py::test_answer

4. Run the start.py module and test a method in the class

pytest start.py::TestClass::test_two

5. -m mark expression (explained later)

pytest -m login

All tests decorated with the @pytest.mark.login decorator will be run. We will expand on the mark later.

6. -q simple printing, only prints the execution results of test cases

pytest -q start.py

7. -s detailed printing

pytest -s start.py

8. -x stops testing when an error is encountered

pytest start.py -x

9. —maxfail=num, when the number of use case errors reaches the specified number, stop testing

pytest start.py --maxfail=1

10. -k matches use case name

Execute all test cases whose test case name contains http

pytest -s -k http start.py

11. -k excludes certain use cases based on use case names

1 pytest -s -k "not http" start.py

12. -k matches different use case names at the same time

pytest -s -k "method or weibo" start.py

Pycharm runs Pytest

We usually write code in Pycharm. How can we always use cmd to run use cases? Now let’s take a look at how to run Pytest in Pycharm.

First, we need to go to settings and set the unit testing framework to Pytest.
If it is nosetests, right-click to run it as a python script.
If unittest is set, it will be run with the unittest framework.

Notice

pytest is compatible with unittest scripts, and the unittest use cases written before can also be run using the pytest framework.

Finally, I would like to thank everyone who read my article carefully. Looking at the increase in fans and attention, there is always some courtesy. Although it is not a very valuable thing, if you can use it, you can take it directly!

Software Testing Interview Document

We must study to find a high-paying job. The following interview questions are from the latest interview materials from first-tier Internet companies such as Alibaba, Tencent, Byte, etc., and some Byte bosses have given authoritative answers. After finishing this set I believe everyone can find a satisfactory job based on the interview information.

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