The evolution of distributed locks
Fundamental
We can go to a place at the same time to "occupy a pit". If we occupy it, we will execute the logic. Otherwise, you must wait until the lock is released. "Occupying pits" can go to redis, the database, or any place that everyone can access. Waiting can spin that way.
Stage one
public Map<String, List<Catalog2Vo>> getCatalogJsonDbWithRedisLock() {
//阶段一
Boolean lock = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent("lock", "111");
//获取到锁，执行业务
if (lock) {
Map<String, List<Catalog2Vo>> categoriesDb = getCategoryMap();
//删除锁，如果在此之前报错或宕机会造成死锁
stringRedisTemplate.delete("lock");
return categoriesDb;
}else {
//没获取到锁，等待100ms重试
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return getCatalogJsonDbWithRedisLock();
}
}
public Map<String, List<Catalog2Vo>> getCategoryMap() {
ValueOperations<String, String> ops = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue();
String catalogJson = ops.get("catalogJson");
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(catalogJson)) {
System.out.println("缓存不命中，准备查询数据库。。。");
Map<String, List<Catalog2Vo>> categoriesDb= getCategoriesDb();
String toJSONString = JSON.toJSONString(categoriesDb);
ops.set("catalogJson", toJSONString);
return categoriesDb;
}
System.out.println("缓存命中。。。。");
Map<String, List<Catalog2Vo>> listMap = JSON.parseObject(catalogJson, new TypeReference<Map<String, List<Catalog2Vo>>>() {});
return listMap;
}Problems: 1. Setnx has occupied the position, but the business code is abnormal or the program crashes during the page process. The deletion lock logic is not executed, which causes a deadlock.
Solution: Set the automatic expiration of the lock. Even if it is not deleted, it will be automatically deleted.
Stage 2
public Map<String, List<Catalog2Vo>> getCatalogJsonDbWithRedisLock() {
Boolean lock = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent("lock", "111");
if (lock) {
//设置过期时间
stringRedisTemplate.expire("lock", 30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
Map<String, List<Catalog2Vo>> categoriesDb = getCategoryMap();
stringRedisTemplate.delete("lock");
return categoriesDb;
}else {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return getCatalogJsonDbWithRedisLock();
}
Problems: 1. Setnx is set up, and when I am about to set the expiration time, it crashes. Deadlocked again. Solution: Setting the expiration time and placeholders must be atomic. Redis supports using the setnx ex command
public Map<String, List<Catalog2Vo>> getCatalogJsonDbWithRedisLock() {
//加锁的同时设置过期时间，二者是原子性操作
Boolean lock = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent("lock", "1111",5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if (lock) {
Map<String, List<Catalog2Vo>> categoriesDb = getCategoryMap();
//模拟超长的业务执行时间
try {
Thread.sleep(6000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
stringRedisTemplate.delete("lock");
return categoriesDb;
}else {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return getCatalogJsonDbWithRedisLock();
}
}Question: 1. Delete the lock directly? ? ? If the lock itself expires due to a long business time, and we delete it directly, we may delete the lock that is being held by others. Solution: When occupying a lock, specify the value as uuid, and everyone will delete it only if it matches their own lock.
Stage four
public Map<String, List<Catalog2Vo>> getCatalogJsonDbWithRedisLock() {
String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
ValueOperations<String, String> ops = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue();
//为当前锁设置唯一的uuid，只有当uuid相同时才会进行删除锁的操作
Boolean lock = ops.setIfAbsent("lock", uuid,5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if (lock) {
Map<String, List<Catalog2Vo>> categoriesDb = getCategoryMap();
String lockValue = ops.get("lock");
if (lockValue.equals(uuid)) {
try {
Thread.sleep(6000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
stringRedisTemplate.delete("lock");
}
return categoriesDb;
}else {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return getCatalogJsonDbWithRedisLock();
}
}
Questions: 1. If it happens to be the current value, when you are about to delete the lock, the lock has expired and someone else has set it to a new value. Then what we delete is someone else's lock. Solution: deleting the lock must ensure atomicity. Use redis+Lua script to complete
Stage Five - Final Form
public Map<String, List<Catalog2Vo>> getCatalogJsonDbWithRedisLock() {
String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
ValueOperations<String, String> ops = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue();
Boolean lock = ops.setIfAbsent("lock", uuid,5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if (lock) {
Map<String, List<Catalog2Vo>> categoriesDb = getCategoryMap();
String lockValue = ops.get("lock");
String script = "if redis.call(\"get\",KEYS[1]) == ARGV[1] then\n" +
" return redis.call(\"del\",KEYS[1])\n" +
"else\n" +
" return 0\n" +
"end";
stringRedisTemplate.execute(new DefaultRedisScript<Long>(script, Long.class), Arrays.asList("lock"), lockValue);
return categoriesDb;
}else {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return getCatalogJsonDbWithRedisLock();
}
}4) Redisson
Redisson is a Java in-memory data grid (In-Memory Data Grid) implemented on the basis of Redis. It not only provides a series of distributed common Java objects, but also provides many distributed services. These include (BitSet, Set, Multimap, SortedSet, Map, List, Queue, BlockingQueue, Deque, BlockingDeque, Semaphore, Lock, AtomicLong, CountDownLatch, Publish / Subscribe, Bloom filter, Remote service, Spring cache, Executor service, Live Object service , Scheduler service) Redisson provides the easiest and most convenient way to use Redis. The purpose of Redisson is to promote users' separation of concerns (Separation of Concern) from Redis, so that users can focus more on processing business logic.