Linux network service deployment yum warehouse
- 1. Introduction to yum warehouse
- 2. yum configuration file
- 3. Detailed explanation of yum command
-
- 3.1 Download and install
- 3.2 Query
-
- 3.2.1 Display available installation packages: yum list
- 3.2.2 Display detailed information of the specified installation package: yum info
- 3.2.3 Find software installation packages based on keywords: yum search
- 3.2.4 Find the corresponding software package according to the command name: yum provides
- 3.2.5 Query the installation package group: yum grouplist
- 3.2.6 Detailed information of the installation package group: yum groupinfo
- 3.2.7 View historical usage records: yum history
- 3.3 Uninstall
- 3.4 Only download but not install
- 4. How to build yum warehouse
1. Introduction to yum warehouse
1.1yum introduction
yum is a software update mechanism built based on RPM packages (the abbreviation of Red-Hat Package Manager), which can automatically resolve dependencies between software packages. To successfully use the YUM mechanism to update systems and software, you need to have a software repository (repository) that contains various rpm installation package files and their dependent software. The server that provides the software repository is also called the "source" server. As long as the address and other information of the software warehouse are correctly specified in the client, the software can be installed or updated through the corresponding "source" server.
1.2yum implementation process
软件仓库的提供方式
- 1.本地yum源（file：///mnt）
- 2.http yum源（http：///192.168.140.111/centos7）
- 3.ftp yum源（ftp：///192.168.140.111/centos7）
1.2.1Yum working principle
1.客户端根据配置文件找到yum仓库服务器的位置
2.服务端向客户端发送元数据包(包含 软件依赖关系 软件的位置)
#相当于软件安装目录
3.客户端下载后，在元数据包中的查找到目标，发送请求
4.服务器响应并将相关软件包和依赖关系发送给客户端，客户端下载安装
1.2.2 Precautions
yum需要依赖于环境，依赖于服务端和客户端，允许跨网络
服务器：
- RPM包 （Packages文件夹中）
- 元数据（repodata文件夹：目录（软件的目录），软件的依赖关系，软件的位置）
客户端的配置文件中
baseurl=地址 一定要写到到 这两个文件夹 repodata packages 的上级目录
最终形成两个文件夹Packages (包文件夹一般取名packages)和 repodata（元数据文件夹）
2. yum configuration file
2.1yum configuration file
2.1.1 Main configuration file
[root@localhost]# /etc/yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever //yum下载的RPM包的缓存目录 $basearch代表硬件架构 $releasever系统版本比如7
keepcache=0 //是否保存缓存 0代表不保存，1代表保存
debuglevel=2 //调试级别了解即可
logfile=/var/log/yum.log // 日志文件位置
exactarch=1 //是否允许不同版本的rpm安装
obsoletes=1 //update 的一个参数是否可以允许旧版本的运行
gpgcheck=1 //验证秘钥
plugins=1 //是否允许插件1代表可以
installonly_limit=5 //保存几个内核 5代表5个
2.1.2 Warehouse settings file
/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo //yum仓库文件位置
2.1.3 Log files
/var/log/yum.log //日志文件位置
3. Detailed explanation of yum command
3.1 Download and install
yum install 软件名 -y #通过yum方式安装
3.2 Query
3.2.1 Display available installation packages: yum list
3.2.2 Display detailed information of the specified installation package: yum info
yum info [软件名] #显示指定安装包详细信息，不加软件名是显示所有包的详细信息
3.2.3 Find software installation packages based on keywords: yum search
yum search 关键词 #根据关键字查找软件安装包
3.2.4 Find the corresponding software package according to the command name: yum provides
yum provides 命令 #根据命令名查找对应的软件包
3.2.5 Query the installation package group: yum grouplist
yum grouplist [包组名] #安装包组的查询 不加包组名 就是显示所有
3.2.6 Detailed information of the installation package group: yum groupinfo
yum groupinfo <包组名> #显示包组的详细信息
#举例#
yum groupinfo Minimal Install #最小化安装包组的详细信息
3.2.7 View historical usage records: yum history
yum history #查看历史记录
3.3 Uninstall
3.3.1yum remove
yum remove [软件名] 卸载已安装的软件
3.3.2yum history undo
选择ID 1，2，3，4，5
可以使用yum history undo 4 进行卸载，这样对比remove好处是可以将所有的依赖都删除
再次查看history,可以看见增加了一条删除记录
#如果卸载错误#
yum history redo n #反悔卸载,n为卸载记录的ID
#举例#
yum history redo 8 #重新安装第二条记录中卸载的软件
3.4 Only download but not install
当内网的一台主机安装某个软件包却缺少依赖包时，可以先由一台可连接外网的服务器下载依赖包，之后共享给这台主机
yum install --downloadonly +软件名称 --downloaddir=指定rpm包存放路径
4. How to build yum warehouse
4.1 Build a local yum warehouse
systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
切换到源文件目录 cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
bak CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo bak/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache
yum -y install tree //安装软件检测源的变化
4.2 Use HTTP method to build yum warehouse
Server
systemctl stop firewalld //关闭防火墙
setenforce 0
yum -y install httpd //安装http
mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html //将光驱挂载在可以共享的文件夹下
client
vim http.repo #新建 http.repo文件
[http]
name=http
baseurl=http://192.168.2.102 #服务器的ip地址
gpgcheck=0 #关闭校验
:wq #退出并保存
yum clean all //清理缓存
yum makecache //建立元数据库
yum -y install tree //安装tree
4.3 Use FTP to build a yum warehouse
Configure server
#关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
# yum 安装ftp软件
yum -y install vsftpd
cd /var/ftp/
mkdir /var/ftp/centos7 #新建目录作为挂载点
mount /dev/sr0 /var/ftp/centos7 #挂载
client
systemctl stop firewalld.service
setenfore 0 #关闭防火墙和selinux
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
mkdir backup
mv *.repo bak #移走网络源
vim ftp.repo #新建 ftp.repo文件
vim ftp.repo #新建 ftp.repo文件
[ftp]
name=ftp
baseurl=ftp://192.168.190.254/test #挂载目录
gpgcheck=0 #关闭校验
:wq #退出并保存
yum clean all
yum makecache #清除网络源缓存，建立本地源数据
yum install -y tree #安装tree以测试源的变化
