Helping the Industrial Internet of Things, the service domain of industrial big data: an introduction to Prometheus [36]

03: Introduction to Prometheus

• Goal : Understand the functions and features of Prometheus

• path

  • step1: function
  • step2: Features

• implement

  • https://prometheus.io/

    

  • Function: server performance indicator monitoring and sequential data storage

    • Prometheus implements a high-latitude data model, and time series data consists of indicator names and key-value pairs.
    • PromQL allows slicing and dicing of collected time series data, generating ad-hoc graphs, charts, alerts
    • Prometheus has a variety of data visualization modes: built-in expression browser, grafana integration, console template language
    • Prometheus uses an efficient custom format to store time series data in memory and local disk, and elastically expands through functional sharding and federation.
    • Each server is self-contained and relies only on local storage. Written in go language, all binaries are statically linked for easy deployment.
    • Alerts are flexibly defined based on PromQL and retain dimension information. The alert manager controls whether alert information is notified or not.

  • features

    • Multidimensional data model.
    • Flexible query language.
    • Without relying on distributed storage, a single server node is autonomous.
    • Time-series data is collected through HTTP-based pull.
    • Time series data can be pushed through the intermediate gateway.
    • Discover target service objects through service discovery or static configuration.
    • Supports a variety of charts and interface displays, such as Grafana, etc.

• summary

  • Understand the functions and features of Prometheus

04: Architecture of Prometheus

• Goal : Understand the architecture of Prometheus

• implement

  

  • Prometheus server : Prometheus master server, which collects and stores time series data

  • Aalert manager : handle alarm information

  • Push gateway : a push gateway that supports short-lived tasks

  • Client libraries: Client libraries for instrumenting application code

  • Exporters: Specific exporter services, such as: HAProxy, StatsD, Graphite and other services.

• summary

  • Understand the architecture of Prometheus

05: Deployment of Prometheus

• Goal : Realize the deployment of Prometheus

• implement

  • upload decompression

    cd ~
    rz
    # 解压安装包
    tar zxvf prometheus-2.26.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt
    # 修改文件名
    mv /opt/prometheus-2.26.0.linux-amd64/ /opt/prometheus-2.26
    # 进入解压后的安装包
    cd /opt/prometheus-2.26
    

  • verify

    ./prometheus --version
    

  • View configuration : prometheus.yml

    # my global config
    global:
      scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
      evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
      # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).
    
    # Alertmanager configuration
    alerting:
      alertmanagers:
      - static_configs:
        - targets:
          # - alertmanager:9093
    
    # Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
    rule_files:
      # - "first_rules.yml"
      # - "second_rules.yml"
    
    # A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
    # Here it's Prometheus itself.
    scrape_configs:
      # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
      - job_name: 'prometheus'
    
        # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
        # scheme defaults to 'http'.
    
        static_configs:
        - targets: ['localhost:9090']
    

  • Register System Service

    vim /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service
    

    [Unit]
    Description=Prometheus
    Documentation=Prometheus Monitoring System
    
    [Service]
    ExecStart=/opt/prometheus-2.26/prometheus --config.file=/opt/prometheus-2.26/prometheus.yml
    Restart=on-failure
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    

  • start up

    # 设置开机自启动
    systemctl enable prometheus
    # 启动服务
    systemctl start prometheus
    # 查看服务状态
    systemctl status prometheus
    

  • Verify : node1:9090

    

• summary

  • Realize the deployment of Prometheus