[Linux Command Explanation Encyclopedia] 031. How to use the multi-file merge tool paste and the open source software patch program patch

Merge multiple files by column queue

Supplementary Note

pasteThe command is used to merge multiple files according to the queue.

grammar

paste [选项] [参数]

options

• -d<间隔字符>or --delimiters=<间隔字符>: replace the tab character with the specified spacer character;
• -sOr --serial: Do it serially instead of in parallel.

parameter

• File list: specify the list of files to be merged.

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Install patches for open source software

Supplementary Note

patchcommand is used to install patches for open source software. By setting the way of patching files, users can modify and update the original files. If only one file is modified at a time, it can be executed sequentially directly in the command line. If you cooperate with the method of patching files, you can patch a large number of files at one time, which is also one of the upgrading methods for the core of the Linux system.

grammar

patch [选项] [参数]

options

• -bor --backup: back up each original file;
• -B<备份字首字符串>Or --prefix=<备份字首字符串>: when setting the file backup, the prefix string appended in front of the file name, the string can be a path name;
• -cor --context: Interpret patched data into associative differences;
• -d<工作目录>Or --directory=<工作目录>: set the working directory;
• -D<标示符号>Or --ifdef=<标示符号>: Mark the changed place with the specified symbol;
• -eOr --ed: interpret the patch data into a narrative file available to the ed command;
• -EOr --remove-empty-files: If the content of the output file after patching is blank, remove the file;
• -fOr --force: This parameter has the -tsame effect as the specified parameter, but it will assume that the version of the patched data is a newer version;
• -F<监别列数>Or --fuzz<监别列数>: set the maximum value of the number of monitoring columns;
• -g<控制数值>Or --get=<控制数值>: Set to control the patch job with RSC or SCCS;
• -i<修补文件>Or --input=<修补文件>: read the specified fixes and ask you;
• -lOr --ignore-whitespace: Ignore tabs and space characters between patched data and input data;
• -nor --normal: Interpret patched data into generic diffs;
• -NOr --forward: ignore that the patched data is an older version than the original file, or the patched data for that version has already been used;
• -o<输出文件>Or --output=<输出文件>: set the name of the output file, and the patched file will be stored under this name;
• -p<剥离层级>Or --strip=<剥离层级>: set the number of layers of path names to be stripped;
• -f<拒绝文件>Or --reject-file=<拒绝文件>: set the file name for saving the information related to the refusal to patch, the default file name is .rej;
• -ROr --reverse: assume that the patch data is generated by swapping the old and new files;
• -sOr --quietor --silent: Do not display the execution process of the command unless an error occurs;
• -tOr --batch: automatically skip errors without asking any questions;
• -TOr --set-time: the effect of this parameter -Zis similar to that of the specified parameter, but the local time is the main one;
• -uor --unified: Interpret patched data into consistent diffs;
• -vOr --version: display version information;
• -V<备份方式>Or --version-control=<备份方式>: -bAfter backing up the target file with parameters, a backup character string will be added to the end of the backup file. This character string can not only be -zchanged with parameters, -Vbut also a backup character string with different suffixes will be generated when using parameters to specify different backup methods. ;
• -Y<备份字首字符串>Or --basename-prefix=<备份字首字符串>: when setting up file backup, the initial character string appended at the beginning of the basic name of the file;
• -z<备份字尾字符串>Or --suffix=<备份字尾字符串>: the effect of this parameter -Bis similar to that of the specified parameter, the difference is that if the path and file name used for the repair job are src/linux/fs/super.c, after adding backup/a string, the file super.c will be backed up in /src/linux In the /fs/backup directory;
• -ZOr --set-utc: Change the patched file and set the access time to UTC;
• --backup-if-mismatch: Only back up the file when the patched data is not completely consistent and the file is not deliberately specified to be backed up;
• --binary: read and write data in binary mode, without going through the standard output device;
• --help: online help;
• --nobackup-if-mismatch: When the patched data is not completely consistent and the file is not deliberately specified to be backed up, the file will not be backed up;
• --verbose: Display the execution process of the command in detail.

parameter

• Original file: Specify the original file that needs to be patched;
• Patch file: Specify the patch file.

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