Python is a powerful programming language that provides various sorting methods to sort data. In this article, we will introduce at least 7 different sorting methods with detailed code examples.
1. Bubble Sort:
Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that sorts by comparing adjacent elements and exchanging their positions. It iterates through the list until no swaps occur.
def bubble_sort(arr):
n = len(arr)
for i in range(n-1):
for j in range(0, n-i-1):
if arr[j] > arr[j+1]:
arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j]
return arr
2. Selection Sort:
Selection sort is a simple sorting algorithm that sorts by finding the smallest element in a list and placing it at the end of the sorted portion.
def selection_sort(arr):
n = len(arr)
for i in range(n):
min_idx = i
for j in range(i+1, n):
if arr[j] < arr[min_idx]:
min_idx = j
arr[i], arr[min_idx] = arr[min_idx], arr[i]
return arr
3. Insertion Sort:
Insertion sort is a simple sorting algorithm that sorts by inserting each element in its proper place in the sorted part.
def insertion_sort(arr):
n = len(arr)
for i in range(1, n):
key = arr[i]
j = i-1
while j >= 0 and arr[j] > key:
arr[j+1] = arr[j]
j -= 1
arr[j+1] = key
return arr
4. Quick sort (Quick Sort):
Quicksort is an efficient sorting algorithm that uses a divide-and-conquer method to split a list into smaller sublists, and then recursively sorts the sublists.
def quick_sort(arr):
if len(arr) <= 1:
return arr
pivot = arr[len(arr)//2]
left = [x for x in arr if x < pivot]
middle = [x for x in arr if x == pivot]
right = [x for x in arr if x > pivot]
return quick_sort(left) + middle + quick_sort(right)
5. Merge Sort (Merge Sort):
Merge sort is an efficient sorting algorithm that uses a divide-and-conquer method to split a list into smaller sublists, then recursively sorts the sublists, and finally merges them into a single sorted list.
def merge_sort(arr):
if len(arr) <= 1:
return arr
mid = len(arr) // 2
left = arr[:mid]
right = arr[mid:]
left = merge_sort(left)
right = merge_sort(right)
return merge(left, right)
def merge(left, right):
result = []
i = j = 0
while i < len(left) and j < len(right):
if left[i] < right[j]:
result.append(left[i])
i += 1
else:
result.append(right[j])
j += 1
result.extend(left[i:])
result.extend(right[j:])
return result
6. Heap Sort (Heap Sort):
Heap sort is an efficient sorting algorithm that uses a binary heap data structure for sorting.
def heapify(arr, n, i):
largest = i
l = 2 * i + 1
r = 2 * i + 2
if l < n and arr[i] < arr[l]:
largest = l
if r < n and arr[largest] < arr[r]:
largest = r
if largest != i:
arr[i], arr[largest] = arr[largest], arr[i]
heapify(arr, n, largest)
def heap_sort(arr):
n = len(arr)
for i in range(n//2 - 1, -1, -1):
heapify(arr, n, i)
for i in range(n-1, 0, -1):
arr[i], arr[0] = arr[0], arr[i]
heapify(arr, i, 0)
return arr
7. Radix Sort (Radix Sort):
Radix sorting is a non-comparative sorting algorithm that sorts elements according to the number of bits.
def counting_sort(arr, exp):
n = len(arr)
output = [0] * n
count = [0] * 10
for i in range(n):
index = arr[i] // exp
count[index % 10] += 1
for i in range(1, 10):
count[i] += count[i-1]
i = n - 1
while i >= 0:
index = arr[i] // exp
output[count[index % 10] - 1] = arr[i]
count[index % 10] -= 1
i -= 1
for i in range(n):
arr[i] = output[i]
def radix_sort(arr):
max_val = max(arr)
exp = 1
while max_val // exp > 0:
counting_sort(arr, exp)
exp *= 10
return arr
7. Radix Sort (Radix Sort):
Radix sorting is a non-comparative sorting algorithm that sorts elements according to the number of bits.
def counting_sort(arr, exp):
n = len(arr)
output = [0] * n
count = [0] * 10
for i in range(n):
index = arr[i] // exp
count[index % 10] += 1
for i in range(1, 10):
count[i] += count[i-1]
i = n - 1
while i >= 0:
index = arr[i] // exp
output[count[index % 10] - 1] = arr[i]
count[index % 10] -= 1
i -= 1
for i in range(n):
arr[i] = output[i]
def radix_sort(arr):
max_val = max(arr)
exp = 1
while max_val // exp > 0:
counting_sort(arr, exp)
exp *= 10
return arr
Here are detailed code samples for 7 different sorting methods. According to different data sets and performance requirements, choosing a suitable sorting algorithm can improve the efficiency and performance of the code
The above is the detailed content of how python sorts