Table of contents
Dead Lock Example
two threads
- Thread 1: First acquire lock A, then acquire lock B
- Thread 2: Acquire lock B first, then acquire lock A
package com.example.demo;
public class DeadLockExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Object lockA = new Object(); // 创建锁 A
Object lockB = new Object(); // 创建锁 B
// 创建线程 1
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (lockA) {
System.out.println("线程 1:获取到锁 A!");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("线程 1:等待获取 B...");
synchronized (lockB) {
System.out.println("线程 1:获取到锁 B!");
}
}
}
});
t1.start(); // 运行线程
// 创建线程 2
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (lockB) {
System.out.println("线程 2:获取到锁 B!");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("线程 2:等待获取 A...");
synchronized (lockA) {
System.out.println("线程 2:获取到锁 A!");
}
}
}
});
t2.start(); // 运行线程
}
}
The program will always wait
线程 1:获取到锁 A!
线程 2:获取到锁 B!
线程 1:等待获取 B...
线程 2:等待获取 A...
Solution 1: sequential lock
two threads
- Thread 1: First acquire lock A, then acquire lock B
- Thread 2: First acquire lock A, then acquire lock B
package com.example.demo;
public class SolveDeadLockExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Object lockA = new Object(); // 创建锁 A
Object lockB = new Object(); // 创建锁 B
// 创建线程 1
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (lockA) {
System.out.println("线程 1:获取到锁 A!");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("线程 1:等待获取 B...");
synchronized (lockB) {
System.out.println("线程 1:获取到锁 B!");
}
}
}
});
t1.start(); // 运行线程
// 创建线程 2
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (lockA) {
System.out.println("线程 2:获取到锁 A!");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("线程 2:等待获取B...");
synchronized (lockB) {
System.out.println("线程 2:获取到锁 B!");
}
}
}
});
t2.start(); // 运行线程
}
}
program execution complete
线程 1:获取到锁 A!
线程 1:等待获取 B...
线程 1:获取到锁 B!
线程 2:获取到锁 A!
线程 2:等待获取B...
线程 2:获取到锁 B!
Solution 2: Polling locks
two threads
- Thread 1: Acquire lock A first, then acquire lock B, if it fails, release all locks
- Thread 2: Acquire lock B first, then acquire lock A
package com.example.demo;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class SolveDeadLockExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Lock lockA = new ReentrantLock(); // 创建锁 A
Lock lockB = new ReentrantLock(); // 创建锁 B
// 创建线程 1(使用轮询锁)
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// 调用轮询锁
pollingLock(lockA, lockB);
}
});
t1.start(); // 运行线程
// 创建线程 2
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
lockB.lock(); // 加锁
System.out.println("线程 2:获取到锁 B!");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("线程 2:等待获取 A...");
lockA.lock(); // 加锁
try {
System.out.println("线程 2:获取到锁 A!");
} finally {
lockA.unlock(); // 释放锁
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lockB.unlock(); // 释放锁
}
}
});
t2.start(); // 运行线程
}
/**
* 轮询锁
*/
public static void pollingLock(Lock lockA, Lock lockB) {
while (true) {
if (lockA.tryLock()) {
// 尝试获取锁
System.out.println("线程 1:获取到锁 A!");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("线程 1:等待获取 B...");
if (lockB.tryLock()) {
// 尝试获取锁
try {
System.out.println("线程 1:获取到锁 B!");
} finally {
lockB.unlock(); // 释放锁
System.out.println("线程 1:释放锁 B.");
break;
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lockA.unlock(); // 释放锁
System.out.println("线程 1:释放锁 A.");
}
}
// 等待一秒再继续执行
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
program execution complete
线程 1:获取到锁 A!
线程 2:获取到锁 B!
线程 1:等待获取 B...
线程 2:等待获取 A...
线程 1:释放锁 A.
线程 2:获取到锁 A!
线程 1:获取到锁 A!
线程 1:等待获取 B...
线程 1:获取到锁 B!
线程 1:释放锁 B.
线程 1:释放锁 A.
reference article