My current work does not involve WebUI automation testing, but in order to improve my technology, there is no harm in learning more, so I won’t talk nonsense. The current mainstream webUI testing framework should still be selenium, considering maintainability and scalability , reusability, etc., we use PO mode to write our scripts, this document also mainly integrates Selenium+PO mode+Pytest+Allure, let's get to the point. Note: Github address is attached at the end of the article
Technical premise: basic knowledge of python, selenium, pytest
1. Project structure directory:
2. Introduction to PO mode
PO mode features:
- easy to maintain
- High reusability
- Script is easy to read and understand
PO mode elements:
1. In the PO mode, it is abstractly encapsulated into a BasePage class, which should have a property that only implements webdriver instances
2. Each page inherits BasePage, manages the elements in this page through the driver, and encapsulates the operations in the page into individual methods
3. TestCase relies on the page class to implement the corresponding test steps
3. BasePage page encapsulation
import logging
import os
import time
from datetime import datetime
from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException, NoSuchElementException
from Utils.myLog import MyLog
"""
此类封装所有操作，所有页面继承该类
"""
class BasePage(object):
def __init__(self, driver):
self.logger = MyLog().getLog()
self.driver = driver
# 等待元素可见
def wait_eleVisible(self, loc, timeout=30, poll_frequency=0.5, model=None):
"""
:param loc:元素定位表达;元组类型,表达方式(元素定位类型,元素定位方法)
:param timeout:等待的上限
:param poll_frequency:轮询频率
:param model:等待失败时,截图操作,图片文件中需要表达的功能标注
:return:None
"""
self.logger.info(f'等待"{model}"元素,定位方式:{loc}')
try:
start = datetime.now()
WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, poll_frequency).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(loc))
end = datetime.now()
self.logger.info(f'等待"{model}"时长:{end - start}')
except TimeoutException:
self.logger.exception(f'等待"{model}"元素失败,定位方式:{loc}')
# 截图
self.save_webImgs(f"等待元素[{model}]出现异常")
raise
# 等待元素不可见
def wait_eleNoVisible(self, loc, timeout=30, poll_frequency=0.5, model=None):
"""
:param loc:元素定位表达;元组类型,表达方式(元素定位类型,元素定位方法)
:param timeout:等待的上限
:param poll_frequency:轮询频率
:param model:等待失败时,截图操作,图片文件中需要表达的功能标注
:return:None
"""
logging.info(f'等待"{model}"消失,元素定位:{loc}')
try:
start = datetime.now()
WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, poll_frequency).until_not(EC.visibility_of_element_located(loc))
end = datetime.now()
self.logger.info(f'等待"{model}"时长:{end - start}')
except TimeoutException:
self.logger.exception(f'等待"{model}"元素失败,定位方式:{loc}')
# 截图
self.save_webImgs(f"等待元素[{model}]消失异常")
raise
# 查找一个元素element
def find_element(self, loc, model=None):
self.logger.info(f'查找"{model}"元素，元素定位:{loc}')
try:
return self.driver.find_element(*loc)
except NoSuchElementException:
self.logger.exception(f'查找"{model}"元素失败,定位方式:{loc}')
# 截图
self.save_webImgs(f"查找元素[{model}]异常")
raise
# 查找元素elements
def find_elements(self, loc, model=None):
self.logger.info(f'查找"{model}"元素集，元素定位:{loc}')
try:
return self.driver.find_elements(*loc)
except NoSuchElementException:
self.logger.exception(f'查找"{model}"元素集失败,定位方式:{loc}')
# 截图
self.save_webImgs(f"查找元素集[{model}]异常")
raise
# 输入操作
def input_text(self, loc, text, model=None):
# 查找元素
ele = self.find_element(loc, model)
# 输入操作
self.logger.info(f'在"{model}"输入"{text}",元素定位:{loc}')
try:
ele.send_keys(text)
except:
self.logger.exception(f'"{model}"输入操作失败!')
# 截图
self.save_webImgs(f"[{model}]输入异常")
raise
# 清除操作
def clean_inputText(self, loc, model=None):
ele = self.find_element(loc, model)
# 清除操作
self.logger.info(f'清除"{model}",元素定位:{loc}')
try:
ele.clear()
except:
self.logger.exception(f'"{model}"清除操作失败')
# 截图
self.save_webImgs(f"[{model}]清除异常")
raise
# 点击操作
def click_element(self, loc, model=None):
# 先查找元素在点击
ele = self.find_element(loc, model)
# 点击操作
self.logger.info(f'点击"{model}",元素定位:{loc}')
try:
ele.click()
except:
self.logger.exception(f'"{model}"点击失败')
# 截图
self.save_webImgs(f"[{model}]点击异常")
raise
# 获取文本内容
def get_text(self, loc, model=None):
# 先查找元素在获取文本内容
ele = self.find_element(loc, model)
# 获取文本
self.logger.info(f'获取"{model}"元素文本内容，元素定位:{loc}')
try:
text = ele.text
self.logger.info(f'获取"{model}"元素文本内容为"{text}",元素定位:{loc}')
return text
except:
self.logger.exception(f'获取"{model}"元素文本内容失败,元素定位:{loc}')
# 截图
self.save_webImgs(f"获取[{model}]文本内容异常")
raise
# 获取属性值
def get_element_attribute(self, loc, name, model=None):
# 先查找元素在去获取属性值
ele = self.find_element(loc, model)
# 获取元素属性值
self.logger.info(f'获取"{model}"元素属性，元素定位:{loc}')
try:
ele_attribute = ele.get_attribute(name)
self.logger.info(f'获取"{model}"元素"{name}"属性集为"{ele_attribute}"，元素定位:{loc}')
return ele_attribute
except:
self.logger.exception(f'获取"{model}"元素"{name}"属性失败,元素定位:{loc}')
# 截图
self.save_webImgs(f"获取[{model}]属性异常")
raise
# iframe 切换
def switch_iframe(self, frame_refer, timeout=30, poll_frequency=0.5, model=None):
# 等待 iframe 存在
self.logger.info('iframe 切换操作:')
try:
# 切换 == index\name\id\WebElement
WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, poll_frequency).until(
EC.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it(frame_refer))
sleep(0.5)
self.logger.info('切换成功')
except:
self.logger.exception('iframe 切换失败!!!')
# 截图
self.save_webImgs(f"iframe切换异常")
raise
# 窗口切换 = 如果是切换到新窗口,new. 如果是回到默认的窗口,default
def switch_window(self, name, cur_handles=None, timeout=20, poll_frequency=0.5, model=None):
"""
调用之前要获取window_handles
:param name: new 代表最新打开的一个窗口. default 代表第一个窗口. 其他的值表示为窗口的 handles
:param cur_handles:
:param timeout:等待的上限
:param poll_frequency:轮询频率
:param model:等待失败时,截图操作,图片文件中需要表达的功能标注
:return:
"""
try:
if name == 'new':
if cur_handles is not None:
self.logger.info('切换到最新打开的窗口')
WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout, poll_frequency).until(EC.new_window_is_opened(cur_handles))
window_handles = self.driver.window_handles
self.driver.swich_to.window(window_handles[-1])
else:
self.logger.exception('切换失败,没有要切换窗口的信息!!!')
self.save_webImgs("切换失败_没有要切换窗口的信息")
raise
elif name == 'default':
self.logger.info('切换到默认页面')
self.driver.switch_to.default()
else:
self.logger.info('切换到为 handles 的窗口')
self.driver.swich_to.window(name)
except:
self.logger.exception('切换窗口失败!!!')
# 截图
self.save_webImgs("切换失败_没有要切换窗口的信息")
raise
# 截图
def save_webImgs(self, model=None):
# filepath = 指图片保存目录/model(页面功能名称)_当前时间到秒.png
# 截图保存目录
# 拼接日志文件夹，如果不存在则自动创建
cur_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
now_date = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d', time.localtime(time.time()))
screenshot_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(cur_path), f'Screenshots\\{now_date}')
if not os.path.exists(screenshot_path):
os.mkdir(screenshot_path)
# 当前时间
dateNow = time.strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S', time.localtime(time.time()))
# 路径
filePath = '{}\\{}_{}.png'.format(screenshot_path, model, dateNow)
try:
self.driver.save_screenshot(filePath)
self.logger.info(f"截屏成功,图片路径为{filePath}")
except:
self.logger.exception('截屏失败!')
# 退出
def get_driver(self):
return self.driver
4. The page inherits from BasPage
from Common.basePage import BasePage
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep
class BaiduIndex(BasePage):
"""
页面元素
"""
# 百度首页链接
baidu_index_url = "https://www.baidu.com"
# 搜索框
search_input = (By.ID, "kw")
# "百度一下"按钮框
search_button = (By.ID, "su")
# 查询操作
def search_key(self, search_key):
self.logger.info("【===搜索操作===】")
# 等待用户名文本框元素出现
self.wait_eleVisible(self.search_input, model='搜索框')
# 输入内容
self.input_text(self.search_input, "阿崔", model="搜索框")
# 清除文本框内容
self.clean_inputText(self.search_input, model='搜索框')
# 输入用户名
self.input_text(self.search_input, text=search_key, model='搜索框')
# 等待搜索按钮出现
self.wait_eleVisible(self.search_button, model='"百度一下"搜索按钮')
# 点击搜索按钮
self.click_element(self.search_button, model='"百度一下"搜索按钮')
# 搜索后等待界面加载完成
self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)
sleep(3)
5. pytest+allure write test cases
Note: Please refer to the Pytest integration Allure tutorial: https://www.cnblogs.com/huny/p/13752406.html
import os
import time
import pytest
import allure
from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver
from PageObject.baiduIndex import BaiduIndex
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
baidu_index = BaiduIndex(driver)
@pytest.fixture(scope="class")
def init():
# 打开浏览器,访问登录页面
baidu_index.logger.info("\nWebDriver 正在初始化...")
driver.get(baidu_index.baidu_index_url)
baidu_index.logger.info(f"打开链接: {baidu_index.baidu_index_url}...")
# 窗口最大化
driver.maximize_window()
# 隐式等待
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
baidu_index.logger.info("WebDriver 初始化完成！")
yield
driver.quit()
baidu_index.logger.info("WebDriver 成功退出...")
@allure.feature("百度搜索")
class TestBaiduSearch:
@allure.story("搜索指定关键字")
@pytest.mark.baidu_search
@pytest.mark.parametrize("key_word", [
"哈哈",
"呵呵",
], )
def test_search(self, init, key_word):
# @pytest.mark.parametrize 参数化
baidu_index.search_key(key_word)
web_title = driver.title
assert "哈哈_百度搜索" == web_title
6. Generate Allure test report
Github address: https://github.com/Zimo6/Selenium_Demo
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