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Private Properties and Methods
In actual development, some properties or methods of an object may only be used inside the object, but not accessed externally. In this case, private properties and methods can be defined.
define method
When defining a property or method, add two underscores before the property name or method name __to define a private property or method.
class Person:
def __init__(self,name,age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.__money = 2000 # 使用 __ 修饰的属性，是私有属性
def __shopping(self, cost):
self.__money -= cost # __money 只能在对象内部使用
print('还剩下%d元' % self.__money)
def test(self):
self.__shopping(200) # __shopping 方法也只能在对象内部使用
p = Person('张三',18)
# print(p.__money) 这里会报错，不能直接访问对象内部的私有属性
p.test()
# p.__shopping() 这里会报错，__shopping 只能在对象内部使用，外部无法访问
Access to private properties and methods
Private properties cannot be used directly, and private methods cannot be called directly. However, with some code, we can also access an object's private properties and methods externally.
direct interview
How to use: Add before the private property name or method name
_类名
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.__money = 2000
def __shopping(self, cost):
self.__money -= cost
p = Person('李四', 20)
print(p._Person__money) # 使用对象名._类名__私有属性名 可以直接访问对象的私有属性
p._Person__shopping(100) # 使用对象名._类名__函数名 可以直接调用对象的私有方法
print(p._Person__money)
Note: In development, we strongly do not recommend using
对象名._类名__私有属性名the method to access the private properties of the object!
Define methods to access private variables
In actual development, if the variable of the object is __decorated with , it means that it is a private variable, and it is not recommended to use and modify it directly from the outside. If you insist on modifying this attribute, you can use the method of defining get and set methods to achieve it.
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.__money = 2000 # __money 是私有变量，外部无法访问
def get_money(self): # 定义了get_money 方法，在这个方法里获取到 __money
return self.__money # 内部可以访问 __money 变量
def set_money(self, money): # 定义了set_money 方法，在这个方法里，可以修改 __money
self.__money = money
p = Person('王五', 21)
# 外部通过调用 get_money 和 set_money 这两个公开方法获取和修改私有变量
print(p.get_money())
p.set_money(8000)
print(p.get_money())
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