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class method, static method
class method
A class method is a method that takes a class object as the first parameter. A decorator is required @classmethodto identify it as a class method. For class methods, the first parameter must be a class object, generally as clsthe first parameter.
class Dog(object):
__type = "狗"
@classmethod
def get_type(cls):
return cls.__type
scenes to be used:
- When the method needs to use the class object (such as accessing private class attributes, etc.), define the class method.
- Class methods are generally used in conjunction with class attributes.
static method
@staticmethodStatic methods are decorated by decorators , and static methods do not need to pass class objects or instance objects (no formal parameters self/cls). Static methods can also be accessed through instance objects and class objects.
class Dog(object):
type = "狗"
def __init__(self):
name = None
@staticmethod
def introduce():
print("犬科哺乳动物，属于食肉目..")
scenes to be used
- Static methods are defined when the method neither needs to use instance objects (such as instance objects, instance attributes) nor class objects (such as class attributes, class methods, create instances, etc.).
- Canceling unnecessary parameter passing helps reduce unnecessary memory usage and performance consumption.
important point:
- When a method with the same name is defined in the class, the calling method will execute the last defined method.
class Dog:
def demo_method(self):
print("对象方法")
@classmethod
def demo_method(cls):
print("类方法")
@staticmethod
def demo_method():
print("静态方法")
dog1 = Dog()
Dog.demo_method() # 结果：静态方法
dog1.demo_method() # 结果：静态方法
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