Ubuntu——Anaconda environment configuration and mirror modification

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foreword

Before programming and developing based on Ubantu, most students may choose Anaconda for installation package management. Therefore, today I will sort out the basic usage methods such as Anaconda environment configuration and mirror modification, hoping to help you.

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1. Anaconda installation

The Anaconda3 installation package can be found on the official website to download the linux version, then decompress and install it.
Pay attention to the following installation instructions:

bash /home/gzx/APP/Anaconda3-xx.sh 

The path is installed under its own corresponding address.

2. Anaconda environment configuration

After the installation is complete, you need to configure the environment. Enter the terminal:

sudo gedit ~/.bashrc   #进行bashrc环境文件

After opening the bashrc file, add at the end:

export PATH="/home/gzx/APP/anconda3/bin:$PATH"

Note that the address is replaced with your own.
Then restart or enter in the terminal:

source ~/.bashrc  #刷新

This global variable determines that you can find it later when using the conda command.
Use the following command to check the installation status.

conda --version

Appear

gzx@gzx-OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-17-ck0xxx:~$ conda --version
conda 22.9.0

Anaconda installation is complete.

3. Basic operation of Anaconda

3.1 Create a virtual environment

Create a new virtual environment, terminal input:

conda create -n carla_work python==3.8.0

carla_work is the environment name, and the version number of python in the virtual environment needs to be added.

3.2 View the virtual environment

There are two ways to view the virtual environment:

1. Terminal input:

conda env list

2. terminal input

conda info -e

result:

gzx@gzx-OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-17-ck0xxx:~$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
base                     /home/gzx/APP/anaconda3
carla_work               /home/gzx/APP/anaconda3/envs/carla_work

gzx@gzx-OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-17-ck0xxx:~$ conda info -e
# conda environments:
#
base                     /home/gzx/APP/anaconda3
carla_work               /home/gzx/APP/anaconda3/envs/carla_work

3.3 Activate the environment

The activation environment can be used:

conda activate carla_Work

or

source activate carla_work

Individuals can only use source activation, everyone can try it.
result:

gzx@gzx-OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-17-ck0xxx:~$ source activate carla_work
(carla_work) gzx@gzx-OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-17-ck0xxx:~$ 

3.4 Exit the environment

Terminal input:

conda deactivate

result:

(carla_work) gzx@gzx-OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-17-ck0xxx:~$ conda deactivate
gzx@gzx-OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-17-ck0xxx:~$ 

3.5 Delete environment

Terminal input:

conda remove -n carla_work --all

I won’t give everyone a try to delete it. Generally speaking, only delete it if you don’t need the environment.

Four, Anaconda modify the image

Due to external network restrictions, Anaconda downloads the installation package very slowly. Here we can use domestic mirrors to increase the download speed of the installation package.

4.1 View the initial download source

Terminal input:

conda config --show

Find the title of channels, and you will find that channels is the default defaults, that is, repo.anaconda.com/xx. This URL needs to be accessed from the external network, otherwise it will be very slow, and the download will often fail after timeout.

4.2 Domestic mirroring and modification

Tsinghua Mirror:

  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/
  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/

Revise:

conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge 
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/

You can set the download and installation package to display the source path:

conda config --set show_channel_urls yes

4.3 View configuration files and view sources

You can see it in your home directory, the condarc file, after opening:

channels:
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
  - defaults
show_channel_urls: true

View source:
Enter again in terminal:

conda config --show

result:

channels:
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
  - defaults

So far, the source file has been modified successfully.

4.4 Restoring source files

Terminal input:

conda config --remove-key channels

Or delete the specified source:

conda config --remove-key channels XXX

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Summarize

This article will sort out the knowledge of Anaconda environment construction and mirror modification for you, hoping to help you, especially students who need Anaconda to manage the environment before programming and development.
Friends who like it, move your little hands to follow, I will regularly share some of my knowledge summaries and experiences, thank you!