Good afternoon, my network worker friend
Many friends will say, why do I ask questions, in the group, or in the backstage, and send a message to Mr. Yang, but I haven’t received a more detailed reply? Especially when asking technical questions.
In addition to the limited time and energy we have to reply to messages, when we face a large number of questions, we will definitely give priority to answering high-quality questions.
What is a good question?
How can I get the most sincere reply and advice from the boss?
This is the technique I want to share with you today.
Whether it's asking questions with us, industry leaders, or your leader, your boss, your colleagues, your partners...
This "art of asking questions" determines whether you can receive satisfactory answers, as well as the chances of being reused, promoted and raised.
Today's article reading benefits: "10-year 1v1 Consulting Qualification for Internet Workers"
After reading this article I shared, I learned how to ask questions, and then private message me , send the password "consultation + your question" , Mr. Yang will choose a fixed time every week, and reply patiently~
01 Skills of asking questions
01 6 key points to pay attention to when asking questions
1. Anyone, whether a college student or a practitioner who has entered the society, should understand one thing, a very important awareness: no one can learn for you, and no one can grow, learn and grow for you Must be on their own, have a strong desire to learn and grow, and have a strong attitude of self-responsibility.
2. Don't expect others to teach you how to do it. Once you graduate from high school, you should deeply root this awareness in your mind. You should be grateful if others can point you in the right direction, and don’t do stupid things like throwing questions and other answers.
3. Describe your question clearly, describe your confusion clearly, and describe clearly what answer you expect to get. While reducing the reading cost of others, it is also improving the quality and speed of your answering questions.
4. You must think first, and it is best to answer questions with solutions. -- A professional quality is extended here, which is to "bring a solution to the problem" to consult others or request resources.
When you ask your supervisor or your boss for advice, don't simply ask questions.
Anyone can point and point, but not everyone can come up with a targeted and implementable solution, and few people can implement the solution.
Let your supervisor or boss make decisions and do multiple-choice questions instead of letting him tell you 1, 2, 3. If you can ingrain this way of working, I dare say your career development will enter a new stage.
5. Don't throw questions and wait for a reply.
You ask what 1+1 is equal to. If someone tells you 2, then you will never learn to pay attention to your wording.
Pay attention to the attitude of learning and asking questions. Others don’t need to spend that time to read your question, understand your question, understand your confusion, and may even spend time setting up an environment to test your question and then answer it with code words.
6. If it is a question about the experimental environment, put the topology, post your configuration (directly paste the key configuration, do not insert attachments), post your question and your judgment.
Again, you must consciously "lower the threshold for others to help you". This sentence is very intriguing, so think about it carefully.
02 Question case
Let's first look at a few typical questions, which I often encounter and are very distressed:
1. Why can't RIP announce the subnet 192.168.12.0? Other routers cannot learn
Comments:
This is a typical experimental problem, but firstly, there is no experimental topology diagram, and secondly, there is no configuration. Even though we really want to help you, we really don’t know how to start, so in order to save everyone’s time, we also shorten your solution Time, 1 picture, 2 configuration, 3 problems, needless to say about the trilogy, right?
2. Give me a lab manual, I am learning CCNP
Comments:
If I receive this kind of private message or forum question, I will not answer it, because you don't even understand basic etiquette.
3. Urgent! ! ! ! ! Wait online! ! ! why can't ping
Comments:
Calm down, in fact, many people have this bad habit. Emotional text will not help you get answers faster, it will only make people feel that the questioner is impetuous and agitated, and it is just a loss of points for yourself. You might say, just subtract it, and no one will send me a small red flower if the score is high, I...
4. Please help me. I encountered a very strange problem during the experiment. I simulated it with GNS. The attached file is the saved NET, which contains configuration and topology. Please help me a lot, thank you very much.
Comments: When I see this kind of question, if I have enough time, I will usually answer it, because the attitude of the questioner is very sincere.
But in order to help this friend answer the question, we need to download the attachment, open the project environment with GNS, run, debug, and answer questions with code words. Not everyone has that much time and patience.
Therefore, in order to get answers faster, the questioner must first be smart enough and be good at presenting. A smart person should be a person who knows how to present. You must know how to reduce the cost of understanding your question for the answerer.
The following is the way I personally recommend asking questions:
[RIP problem] The subnet cannot be announced
Dear friends, I encountered such a problem during the experiment. The topology is as follows. Three routers run RIPv2, and the routing of the whole network needs to be interoperable.
The configuration of R1 is as follows:
router rip
version 2
network 192.168.12.0
The configuration of R3 is as follows:
router rip
version 2
network 192.168.23.0
My configuration on R2 is as follows :
route rip
version 2
network 192.168.0.0
Why is it on R2, use network 192.168. 0.0 What about the two direct interfaces of R2 that cannot be declared?
According to my understanding, both 192.168.12.0 and 23.0 are subnets of 192.168.0.0. It should be no problem for me to declare this way?
Please help me out and see where the problem is, thank you very much.
Comments:
The description of the problem background is relatively clear;
The topological diagram of the experiment is given;
The key configuration of the experiment is given; the problem is clearly described, and a little bit of my own ideas are attached;
In this way of asking questions, we can quickly locate the problem and give an answer.
02 The art of answering
01 3 key points about answering questions
1. Answering questions is a very skillful thing. I classify it as the knowledge category of presenting skills. Answering questions within one's ability is the most direct way to help others. Although it may not necessarily reap direct benefits, but This behavior itself is in line with the spirit of the Internet, because we may also encounter problems and may need help.
Furthermore, the process of answering questions is a process of sorting out ideas. In the process of presenting, one's own knowledge system has been sorted out, and at the same time, one can discover one's own knowledge shortcomings from other interactions.
Thirdly, answering questions is an act of enhancing "personal brand value" and adding points, if the quality of your answers is high enough. When professionals grow to a certain stage, they must pay attention to their personal brand image and value. What is your value at the company level? Have you ever thought about this issue.
2. Answering questions is similar to expressing a point of view. It is best to have a context to help the questioner step by step, locate the problem, present the problem, and solve the problem. If you can make an extension, it will be perfect. This is related to a person's knowledge horizon.
3. Don't put on a condescending look to the answerers, there is no benefit in pretending to be coercive, and you have not contributed anything to the Internet except for adding two words in the comment or reply column.
02 Cases of high-quality answers
Below I will extract a question from a netizen, as well as my answer, the same sentence, let’s not pretend, let’s just throw bricks.
1. Ask questions
(Title) The role of forward address in OE routing selection and the routing calculation process, I hope you can enlighten me.
AREA 2 for NSSA NO-SUMMARY NO-no-redistribution area.
Both R2 and R3 have established virtual links with R4. R1 republished a route of 11.1.1.0/24 into AREA2, and R2 performed the action of 7 to 5, because I adjusted the RID, and then checked 11.1.1.0 on R4, which was loaded by R2 and R3.
But I just did 7 to 5 on R2. The document says that this is related to FORWARD ADDRESS. I haven't learned this concept before. I hope someone can explain it to me.
This is the first time to ask a question on the forum, if the description of the problem is not clear, please correct me!
2. answer
(1) As written above,
the design and mechanism of the OSPF protocol are quite ingenious and flexible.
In the process of studying OSPF, you will find that there is a lot of wisdom in it. The reason why OSPF is so widely used is that it can adapt to various types of complex network environments, and the built-in protocol mechanisms are all kinds of amazing, funny, and ridiculous. Zhahei makes people feel that they can never finish learning.
As a link state routing protocol, OSPF protocol tries to understand every corner of the network topology so that it can build a loop-free network, calculate the optimal path and perform different operations according to different network structures.
For OSPF external routes, since they are routes imported from the outside after all, these routes often lose some of their most original features after being injected into OSPF. OSPF has great ambitions, and I still hope to keep something as a future protocol operation. A reference factor, FA, tag, etc., are all such elements.
(2) About FA
FA, English Forwarding address, forwarding address, is an IP address, which is a field included in Type 5 and Type 7 LSAs. The white point is a field carried by OSPF external routes. This field is used What is it for?
Why do you need FA? (see picture above)
In the figure above, OSPF is activated on the interfaces connecting R1 and R2 to the multi-access network, but R3 does not run OSPF (probably because it does not support OSPF).
R1 is configured with a static route to the LOOPBACK port of R3, the next hop is 192.168.123.3, and then the static route is mercilessly redistributed into OSPF.
Then the good show comes:
consider what would happen if there is no FA: R1 redistributes the static route (to 3.0, the next hop is 123.3), R2 receives the type 5 LSA generated by R1, because R2 and ASBR R1 are the same Create an area, which knows the existence of ASBR through a type 1 LSA, so it decisively loads the external LSA into the routing table, and the next hop is the nearest next hop to ASBR (R1), which is 192.168.123.1, and R4 receives it generated by R1 Type 5 LSA, also load the external LSA into the routing table, the next hop is the next hop closest to ASBR, the result is that R4 accesses 192.168.3.0 is the suboptimal path, R2---R1---R3 goes like this .
In fact, you can get to R2 and go directly to R3 at all? But no way, no one told R2 to go directly to 192.168.3.0 via R3.
【Solution】
FA, the type 5 LSA about the external route 192.168.3.0 originated by R1, its FA is set to 192.168.123.3, this FA floods to R2 along with the type 5 LSA generated by it, and R2 receives the type 5 LSA generated by R1 LSA, see that the FA contained in it is not 0, and the FA is 192.168.123.3, which tells it to go to the "next hop" of this external route. This address is reachable through direct routes, so it loads type 5 LSA into the router , the next hop of this external route is the next hop to the FA (that is, 192.168.123.3).
In this way, the problem of the suboptimal path is solved, and there is no great wisdom.
(3) How to set FA? When to set
FA only exists in the OSPF external route, it is used to tell the OSPF router to go to the "port" of this external route. When a router receives an external route (actually it should be an LSA), if the FA is empty, then The router looks for the ASBR that originated this external route. If the FA is not empty, then it looks for the FA. How to find the FA?
FA is also an address, so I will find it through the routing table. Then at this time, the direct next hop to the external route is not to ASBR, but to this FA. This is directly related to the problem you encountered, mark it.
The FA is set by the OSPF protocol itself. Different network environments may have different FAs. We mainly discuss the differences in FAs with and without NSSA. This is a big topic, so I won't go into details here.
(4) Problems you encountered
Do you understand?
Why load balancing occurs when R4 goes to 11.1.1.0, it is precisely because although R2 performs the action of 7 to 5, the type 5 LSA of this external route is generated by R2, but the key is that the FA contained in this LSA is not Empty, then when R2 receives it, going to 11.1.1.0 is not going to ASBR (R2 at this time), but going to FA. FA is the address of FA0/0 port of R1. How to go?
Look up the table. After looking up the table, R4 finds that Fa0/0 going to R1 can go through R2 and R3, and the metric is the same. So, R4 loads 11.1.1.0 into the routing table and uses R2\R3 for load balancing.
Finishing: Lao Yang 丨 10-year senior network engineer, more network workers to improve dry goods, please pay attention to the official account: Network Engineer Club