According to the Wikipedia entry, gallium nitride (GaN, Gallium nitride) is a compound of nitrogen and gallium, and is a direct bandgap semiconductor of Group III and Group V. Commonly used in light-emitting diodes since 1990. The structure of this compound is similar to wurtzite, and its hardness is very high. Gallium nitride has a wide energy gap of 3.4 electron volts, and can be used in high-power, high-speed optoelectronic components. For example, gallium nitride can be used in violet laser diodes, which can be used without the use of nonlinear semiconductor pumped solid-state lasers ( Diode-pumped solid-state laser) produces violet (405nm) laser light.
In 2014, Professor Isamu Akasaki of Nagoya University and Meijo University, Professor Hiroshi Amano of Nagoya University, and Shuji Nakamura, a professor of University of California, Santa Barbara, won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their invention of the blue LED.
Gallium Nitride ( GaN ) is a wide band gap direct band gap semiconductor, it has a wide direct band gap, high breakdown field strength, high thermal conductivity and very good physical and chemical stability . In addition, like other group III nitrides, gallium nitride is less sensitive to ionizing radiation and has higher stability. Physical appearance is generally yellow powder, lead-zinc ore-like crystal, molar mass is 83.73 g/mol g mol ⁻ ¹, melting point is above 2500 ° C, and density is 6.15 g/cm3. It can produce chemical reaction with water and is non-flammable.
Gallium nitride has a wide range of applications, can withstand higher operating voltages, and can work at high temperatures above 200°C. It also has the characteristics of high power density, low energy consumption, suitable for high frequencies, and supports wide bandwidth. In terms of photoelectric conversion With outstanding performance and high efficiency in microwave signal transmission, it is widely used in lighting, display and communication (especially 5G) fields. It is also widely used in military electronics, communications, power devices, integrated circuits, optoelectronics and other fields.