[Yugong Series] August 2023 Three.js Topic - Material

Language 2023-08-11 18:37:15 views: null

Article directory

foreword

Material refers to the type of raw material or substance used to manufacture an item. Common materials include metal, plastic, wood, glass, stone, etc. The choice of material depends on factors such as the purpose, design and budget of the item being manufactured. Different materials have different characteristics and advantages and disadvantages. For example, metal is usually stronger, but heavier and prone to rust; plastic is light and less prone to damage, but less durable. Materials also affect the look and feel of manufactured items, such as wood can give an item a natural aesthetic, while glass can create a modern feel.

1. Material

1 Introduction

1.1 Basic material (does not react to light source)

name describe
Network basic material MeshBasicMaterial Base material to show geometry wireframe or add simple color
Network depth material MeshDepthMaterial According to the distance from the grid to the camera, decide how to color
Network normal material MeshNormalMateria Calculate the color according to the normal vector of the object surface
Network surface material MeshFaceMaterial A container that can assign different colors to the various surfaces of objects in the container

1.2 Advanced materials (Lambert materials and phone materials will respond to light sources)

name describe
Network Lambert material MeshLambertMateria Lighting is taken into account, creating dim, unlit objects
Network Phong Material MeshPhongMaterial Will take lighting into account and create bright objects
Shader Material ShaderMaterial Custom shader program (will be often used in future projects)
Line basic material LineBasicMaterial for line geometry
Wish line material LineDashedMateria Create a dotted line effect

2. Attribute classification

2.1 Basic attributes

attribute name describe
id ID, assigned when creating an object
name Name, which can be assigned to the object name through this property
opacity Transparency, the value range is 0~1, it needs to be used in combination with transparent
transparent Whether transparent, true transparent, and can modify the transparency, false opaque
overdraw Overdraw to eliminate gaps between objects when rendered with CanvasRenderer
visible Whether it is visible, whether the object can be seen in the scene
side Side, set which side to use the material on,
needsUpdate Do you need to refresh, you can refresh the material cache

2.2 Fusion attributes

Determines how the object blends with the background

attribute name describe
blending Fusion, which determines how the material on the object blends with the background
blendsrc Fusion sources, creating custom fusion modes
blenddst fusion target
blendingequation fusion formula

2.3 Advanced Properties

Controls how the underlying webgl context renders objects

attribute name describe
depthTest depth test
depthWrite Does it affect the depth buffer
alphaTest Specify a value below which a pixel will not be displayed

3. MeshBasicMaterial basic material

3.1 Properties

attribute name describe
color material color
wireframe Whether to render as wireframe
wireframeLinewidth Set the wireframe width
wireframeLinecap How endpoints between line segments are displayed
wireframeLinejoin How the connection points of line segments are displayed
shading define how to color
vertexColors Define a different color for each vertex
fog Whether it will be affected by the global fog effect setting

3.2 Case

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Title</title>
  <style>
    *{
      
      
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
  </style>
  <script src="../lib/three/three.js"></script>
  <script src="../lib/three/dat.gui.js"></script>
  <script src="../controls/index.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

<script>
  // 创建一个场景
  const scene = new THREE.Scene();

  // 创建一个相机 视点
  const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 1, 1000);
  // 设置相机的位置
  camera.position.set(0,0,20);

  // 创建一个渲染器
  const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
  // 设置渲染器尺寸
  renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);

  document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);

  // 添加一个立方体
  // 定义了一个立方体的对象
  const cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);

  // 创建材质
  const cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
      
       color: 0xff0000, wireframe: false });

  const cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);

  // 添加到场景里
  scene.add(cube);

  // 添加灯光
  const spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff);
  spotLight.position.set(-10,10,90);
  scene.add(spotLight);
  spotLight.shadowMapWidth = 4096;
  spotLight.shadowMapHeight = 4096;

  initControls(cubeMaterial);
  const animation = () => {
      
      
    cube.rotation.x += 0.01;
    cube.rotation.y += 0.01;

    // 渲染
    renderer.render(scene, camera);

    requestAnimationFrame(animation);
  }
  animation()
</script>

insert image description here

4.MeshDepthMaterial depth material

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Title</title>
  <style>
    *{
      
      
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
  </style>
  <script src="../lib/three/three.js"></script>
  <script src="../lib/three/dat.gui.js"></script>
  <script src="../controls/index.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

<script>
  // 创建一个场景
  const scene = new THREE.Scene();

  // 创建一个相机 视点
  const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 1, 1000);
  // 设置相机的位置
  camera.position.set(0,0,20);

  // 创建一个渲染器
  const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
  // 设置渲染器尺寸
  renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);

  document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);

  // 添加一个立方体
  // 定义了一个立方体的对象
  const cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);

  // 创建材质
  const cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshDepthMaterial();

  const cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);

  // 添加到场景里
  scene.add(cube);

  // 添加灯光
  const spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff);
  spotLight.position.set(-10,10,90);
  scene.add(spotLight);
  spotLight.shadowMapWidth = 4096;
  spotLight.shadowMapHeight = 4096;

  initControls(cubeMaterial, camera);
  const animation = () => {
      
      
    cube.rotation.x += 0.01;
    cube.rotation.y += 0.01;

    // 渲染
    renderer.render(scene, camera);

    requestAnimationFrame(animation);
  }
  animation()
</script>

insert image description here

5.MeshNormalMateria normal material

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Title</title>
  <style>
    *{
      
      
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
  </style>
  <script src="../lib/three/three.js"></script>
  <script src="../lib/three/dat.gui.js"></script>
  <script src="../controls/index.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

<script>
  // 创建一个场景
  const scene = new THREE.Scene();

  // 创建一个相机 视点
  const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 1, 1000);
  // 设置相机的位置
  camera.position.set(0,0,20);

  // 创建一个渲染器
  const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
  // 设置渲染器尺寸
  renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);

  document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);

  // 添加一个立方体
  // 定义了一个立方体的对象
  const cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);

  // 创建材质
  const cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshNormalMaterial();

  const cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);

  // 添加到场景里
  scene.add(cube);

  // 添加灯光
  const spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff);
  spotLight.position.set(-10,10,90);
  scene.add(spotLight);
  spotLight.shadowMapWidth = 4096;
  spotLight.shadowMapHeight = 4096;

  initControls(cubeMaterial, camera);
  const animation = () => {
      
      
    cube.rotation.x += 0.01;
    cube.rotation.y += 0.01;

    // 渲染
    renderer.render(scene, camera);

    requestAnimationFrame(animation);
  }
  animation()
</script>

insert image description here

6.MeshFaceMaterial surface material

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Title</title>
  <style>
    *{
      
      
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
  </style>
  <script src="../lib/three/three.js"></script>
  <script src="../lib/three/dat.gui.js"></script>
  <script src="../controls/index.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

<script>
  // 创建一个场景
  const scene = new THREE.Scene();

  // 创建一个相机 视点
  const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 1, 1000);
  // 设置相机的位置
  camera.position.set(0,0,20);

  // 创建一个渲染器
  const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
  // 设置渲染器尺寸
  renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);

  document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);

  // 添加一个立方体
  // 定义了一个立方体的对象
  const cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);

  // 创建材质
  const cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshFaceMaterial([
    new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
      
       color: 0x009e60 }),
    new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
      
       color: 0x0051ba }),
    new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
      
       color: 0xffd500 }),
    new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
      
       color: 0xff5800 }),
    new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
      
       color: 0xc41e3a }),
    new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
      
       color: 0xffff00 }),
  ]);

  const cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);

  // 添加到场景里
  scene.add(cube);

  // 添加灯光
  const spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff);
  spotLight.position.set(-10,10,90);
  scene.add(spotLight);
  spotLight.shadowMapWidth = 4096;
  spotLight.shadowMapHeight = 4096;

  initControls(cubeMaterial, camera);
  const animation = () => {
      
      
    cube.rotation.x += 0.01;
    cube.rotation.y += 0.01;

    // 渲染
    renderer.render(scene, camera);

    requestAnimationFrame(animation);
  }
  animation()
</script>

insert image description here

7.MeshLambertMaterial Lambert material

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Title</title>
  <style>
    *{
      
      
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
  </style>
  <script src="../lib/three/three.js"></script>
  <script src="../lib/three/dat.gui.js"></script>
  <script src="../controls/index.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

<script>
  // 创建一个场景
  const scene = new THREE.Scene();

  // 创建一个相机 视点
  const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 1, 1000);
  // 设置相机的位置
  camera.position.set(0,0,20);

  // 创建一个渲染器
  const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
  // 设置渲染器尺寸
  renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);

  document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);

  // 添加一个立方体
  // 定义了一个立方体的对象
  const cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);

  // 创建材质
  const cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({
      
       color: 0xff0000 });

  const cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);

  // 添加到场景里
  scene.add(cube);

  // 添加灯光
  const spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff);
  spotLight.position.set(-10,10,90);
  scene.add(spotLight);
  spotLight.shadowMapWidth = 4096;
  spotLight.shadowMapHeight = 4096;

  initControls(cubeMaterial, camera);
  const animation = () => {
      
      
    cube.rotation.x += 0.01;
    cube.rotation.y += 0.01;

    // 渲染
    renderer.render(scene, camera);

    requestAnimationFrame(animation);
  }
  animation()
</script>

insert image description here

8.MeshPhongMaterial (Phong material)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Title</title>
  <style>
    *{
      
      
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
  </style>
  <script src="../lib/three/three.js"></script>
  <script src="../lib/three/dat.gui.js"></script>
  <script src="../controls/index.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

<script>
  // 创建一个场景
  const scene = new THREE.Scene();

  // 创建一个相机 视点
  const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 1, 1000);
  // 设置相机的位置
  camera.position.set(0,0,20);

  // 创建一个渲染器
  const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
  // 设置渲染器尺寸
  renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);

  document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);

  // 添加一个立方体
  // 定义了一个立方体的对象
  const cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);

  // 创建材质
  const cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({
      
       color: 0xff0000 });

  const cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);

  // 添加到场景里
  scene.add(cube);

  // 添加灯光
  const spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff);
  spotLight.position.set(-10,10,90);
  scene.add(spotLight);
  spotLight.shadowMapWidth = 4096;
  spotLight.shadowMapHeight = 4096;

  initControls(cubeMaterial, camera);
  const animation = () => {
      
      
    cube.rotation.x += 0.01;
    cube.rotation.y += 0.01;

    // 渲染
    renderer.render(scene, camera);

    requestAnimationFrame(animation);
  }
  animation()
</script>

insert image description here

9. ShaderMaterial shader material

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Title</title>
  <style>
    *{
      
      
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
  </style>
  <script src="../lib/three/three.js"></script>
  <script src="../lib/three/dat.gui.js"></script>
  <script src="../controls/index.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

<script>
  // 创建一个场景
  const scene = new THREE.Scene();

  // 创建一个相机 视点
  const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 1, 1000);
  // 设置相机的位置
  camera.position.set(0,0,20);

  // 创建一个渲染器
  const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
  // 设置渲染器尺寸
  renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);

  document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);

  // 添加一个立方体
  // 定义了一个立方体的对象
  const cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);

  // 创建材质
  const cubeMaterial = new THREE.ShaderMaterial({
      
      
    uniforms: {
      
      
      r: {
      
      
        type: 'f',
        value: 1.0,
      },
      a: {
      
      
        type: 'f',
        value: 1.0,
      },
    },
    vertexShader: `
      void main() {
        gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4(position, 1.0);
      }
    `,
    fragmentShader: `
      uniform float r;
      uniform float a;

      void main() {
        gl_FragColor = vec4(r,0.0,0.0,a);
      }
    `,
    transparent: true,
  });

  const cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);

  // 添加到场景里
  scene.add(cube);

  // 添加灯光
  const spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff);
  spotLight.position.set(-10,10,90);
  scene.add(spotLight);
  spotLight.shadowMapWidth = 4096;
  spotLight.shadowMapHeight = 4096;

  initControls(cubeMaterial, camera);
  const animation = () => {
      
      
    cube.rotation.x += 0.01;
    cube.rotation.y += 0.01;

    // 渲染
    renderer.render(scene, camera);

    requestAnimationFrame(animation);
  }
  animation()
</script>

insert image description here

10. Straight and dashed material

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Title</title>
  <style>
    *{
      
      
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
  </style>
  <script src="../lib/three/three.js"></script>
  <script src="../lib/three/dat.gui.js"></script>
  <script src="../controls/index.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

<script>
  // 创建一个场景
  const scene = new THREE.Scene();

  // 创建一个相机 视点
  const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 1, 1000);
  // 设置相机的位置
  camera.position.set(0,0,20);

  // 创建一个渲染器
  const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
  // 设置渲染器尺寸
  renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);

  document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);

  // 添加直线和虚线
  const lines = new THREE.Geometry();
  lines.vertices = [
    new THREE.Vector3(0, 2, 5),
    new THREE.Vector3(0, -2, 5),
  ];

  // const material = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({
      
      
  //   color: 0xff0000,
  //   linewidth: 10,
  // })

  const material = new THREE.LineDashedMaterial({
      
      
    color: 0xff0000,
    dashSize: 1, // 短划线的长度
    gapSize: 1, // 间隔的长度
  })

  const line = new THREE.Line(lines, material);
  // 计算 点到线起始点的累积长度
  lines.computeLineDistances()
  scene.add(line);
  // 添加灯光
  const spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff);
  spotLight.position.set(-10,10,90);
  scene.add(spotLight);
  spotLight.shadowMapWidth = 4096;
  spotLight.shadowMapHeight = 4096;

  initControls(material, camera);
  const animation = () => {
      
      
    // 渲染
    renderer.render(scene, camera);

    requestAnimationFrame(animation);
  }
  animation()
</script>

insert image description here

11. Joint Material

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Title</title>
  <style>
    *{
      
      
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
  </style>
  <script src="../lib/three/three.js"></script>
  <script src="../lib/three/dat.gui.js"></script>
  <script src="../controls/index.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

<script>
  // 创建一个场景
  const scene = new THREE.Scene();

  // 创建一个相机 视点
  const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 1, 1000);
  // 设置相机的位置
  camera.position.set(0,0,20);

  // 创建一个渲染器
  const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
  // 设置渲染器尺寸
  renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);

  document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);

  // 添加一个立方体
  // 定义了一个立方体的对象
  const cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);

  // 创建材质

  const lambert = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({
      
       color: 0xff0000 })
  const basic = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
      
       wireframe: true })

  const cube = THREE.SceneUtils.createMultiMaterialObject(cubeGeometry, [
    lambert,
    basic
  ])

  // 添加到场景里
  scene.add(cube);

  // 添加灯光
  const spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff);
  spotLight.position.set(-10,10,90);
  scene.add(spotLight);
  spotLight.shadowMapWidth = 4096;
  spotLight.shadowMapHeight = 4096;

  const animation = () => {
      
      
    cube.rotation.x += 0.01;
    cube.rotation.y += 0.01;

    // 渲染
    renderer.render(scene, camera);

    requestAnimationFrame(animation);
  }
  animation()
</script>

insert image description here

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