The iTunes Store is a digital media online store with a proprietary software interface

The iTunes Store is a digital media online store with a proprietary software interface, which is operated by Apple Inc. It opened under the name of iTunes Music Store on April 28, 2003 , and then became the most popular music seller in the United States in April 2008 , and then became the most popular music store in the world in February 2010. More than 28 million music, video and application programs (apps) are now available in the store . The revenue of the iTunes Store in the first quarter of 2011 reached nearly 1.4 billion US dollars; as of October 4, 2011, more than 16 billion songs have been sold from the iTunes Store.

iTunes Store

Mainland China iTunes Store version 12.0.1 on Windows 7

launch date April 28, 2003
(iTunes Music Store)
platform macOS
Windows
Apple TV
iOS
Pricing Strategy Some movies can be rented for a limited time at the publisher's own
rating price
available area See the section on Internationalization
website www.apple.com/itunes/

Sales trend of iTunes songs from 2003 to 2010

Although most downloads initially included FairPlay-restricted usage, the iTunes Store subsequently switched to selling unlimited copyright-protected music files in most countries, and marketed them as iTunes Plus. On January 6, 2009, Apple announced that it had removed digital content rights management restrictions (DRM) from 80% of music files in the US store. The general rollout of iTunes Plus in US stores was completed on April 7, 2009, with the introduction of a three-tiered pricing system; however, TV shows, many books, and movies are still protected by FairPlay . As of May 2012, the iTunes Store has been used on more than 315 million mobile devices, including iPods , iPhones and iPads .

Features and Limitations

selling price

From the launch of the iTunes Store, all songs were sold at the same price, and users did not need to pay any subscription fees (unlike most online music stores that existed at the same time that charged monthly fees). Music in the store is stored in the Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) format, which is the successor to MP3 . Songs protected by Digital Content Rights Management (DRM) have a bit rate of 128 kbit per second. At the Macworld Expo held in January 2009, Apple announced that in the future, music in the iTunes Store will be sold without DRM protection, and will use a higher quality 256 kbit per second bit rate. In the early days, this sales model called "iTunes Plus" was only applicable to songs from EMI and some independent labels. Listen to 90 seconds of the song for free as a preview before purchasing it.

Feature-length movies and TV shows are available for purchase. Movies mostly sell for less than their DVD counterparts, while TV shows sell for about twice as much per episode.

The iTunes Store has sold game software for some iPod models, and the prices of these games are different. The iTunes Store now also sells application programs (apps) that can be run on iOS devices, and these applications have different functions (such as games, maps, movie moments...etc.). Some apps require a fee to download (called premium apps), and some are free (called free apps). The developer can decide the selling price of the software by himself. After the user downloads the app, 70% of the revenue goes to the developer, and 30% is taken by Apple.

During his Macworld speech in 2008, then-Apple CEO Steve Jobs introduced the iTunes movie rental service. Movies will be available for rental in the iTunes Store the day they come out on DVD (or earlier). These videos can be viewed an unlimited number of times within 24 hours of starting playback. Movie rental services are not available in every country.

weekly promotion

The iTunes Store will provide one to three songs per week for users who have logged in as members to download. Free songs will be available every Tuesday and will remain free until the next Tuesday. Certain artists may choose to make some songs available for free download. This promotion is not available in stores in all countries. Some TV shows in the iTunes Store are also starting to be promoted in the same way. Some TV stations make the first episodes of certain TV shows available for free download. The iTunes Store is also offering a free music video download each week and a discounted movie rental promotion each week.

iTunes Store in iOS

The iTunes Store allows users to download digital content through Apple's mobile devices, such as the iPhone , iPad and iPod Touch . The earliest mobile users needed to connect to a Wi-Fi wireless network to enter the store, which was then called the iTunes Wi-Fi Store. However, at Macworld 2009, Apple released an iOS software update that allows 3G and EDGE network users to connect to the full iTunes Store and download files smaller than 10 MB. In iOS 3.0, Apple added the ability to download movies, TV series, audiobooks and ringtones to mobile devices. In February 2010, Apple increased the download limit on 3G networks from 10 MB to 20 MB, and then further increased it to 50 MB in March 2012.

customer support

Apple provides iTunes Store customer telephone support through Apple Care; "Slate" magazine also found a telephone customer service line. Most customer service is handled online.

background

The iTunes Store (then called the "iTunes Music Store") officially launched on April 28, 2003, becoming the first online music store to receive widespread media attention. Apple's music store allows users to buy songs and transfer them to iPods through the iTunes software . The process is quite simple and easy. While some other digital music players are compatible with iTunes, the iPod is currently one of the few digital music players (along with some Motorola cell phone models) that supports the iTunes Store. At launch on the iTunes Store, there were approximately 200,000 songs available for download.

The iTunes Store began when Apple Computer signed five major record labels: EMI , Universal Music , Warner Bros. , Sony Music Entertainment , and Bertelsmann Music Group (the last two have since merged into Sony Boardman ). In addition, singers from more than 600 independent labels joined later, the first being Mobi who joined on July 29, 2003 .

The store offers more than 10 million song downloads, as well as exclusive songs from more than 20 artists, including Bob Dylan , U2 , Eminem , Brie Larson , Sheryl Crowe and Sting . Each song is available for download for $0.99. Each song provides a free 30-second song trial. It was later changed to 90 seconds for songs longer than 2 minutes and 30 seconds. Most of the albums are priced at $ 9.99 each , with some longer albums selling for more, and others selling for less. Users can transfer downloaded songs to an unlimited number of iPods , and can burn playlists to CDs.

content directory

Although the iTunes Store is updated every Tuesday, new songs are added to the iTunes catalog every day. The iTunes Store will launch "Single of the Week" (this week's single) and "Discovery Download" (newly discovered download) songs every Tuesday, providing free downloads within the week.

Since 2005, the iTunes Store has launched a pre-order service for unlisted albums. The pre-ordered album will include additional songs not included on the physical album, as well as a music video. Additional songs or videos are only available to pre-orderers, and songs will be removed from the store after the album's official release. This type of album also includes digital booklets. The first album to be pre-ordered this way was X&Y by Coldplay .

There are also more than 9,000 audiobooks in the iTunes Store, using 32 kbit/s compression quality, and each book provides a 90-second preview. These audiobooks are provided by Audible.com. This file format is the same as registering directly with Audible.com and subscribing to the "iPod format", except that users do not need to register with Audible.com to obtain or subscribe to audiobooks.

The iTunes Store is missing music from some big names like AC/DC , Gus Brooks , Kid Rock, Led Zeppelin , Radiohead , Tool, and Jethro Tull. The Beatles' record label, Apple Records, is currently in legal battle with Apple Computer over the "Apple" name. On May 8, 2006, the judge ruled in favor of Apple Computer, but Apple Records said it would continue to appeal. Additionally, the company's managing director, Neil Aspinall, announced a plan to make all of The Beatles' songs available on unspecified online music services, including some Works that have never been exposed have been accepted for download since November 17, 2010. Gus Brooks currently has a contract with Wal-Mart , and his songs are sold exclusively at Wal-Mart. However, there are still profiles of The Beatles and Led Zeppelin in the iTunes Store. There are some exceptions on the iTunes Store, including Tony Sheridan's co-release with the Beatles, Kid Rock's first album, Grits Sandwiches For Breakfast; and two Radiohead songs .

On July 25, 2006, the iTunes Store added all of Metallica 's songs (except their album with the San Francisco Symphony, which was added to the store at a later date). On August 29, 2006, all songs by United Parks were finally added to the store. In addition, on September 5th, Bob Siegel and the Silver Bullets joined their classic collection.

Since August 2005, the Japanese iTunes Store has not included any songs released by Sony Music . However, some artists (such as Motoharu Sano ) tried to sign with Apple Computer on an individual basis. On September 6, 2005, Sony announced plans to sell songs through the iTunes Store, but did not announce an exact date. A similar situation occurred in Australia 's iTunes Store, which had no songs from Sony BMG until January 17, 2006, when Sony and Apple reached an agreement.

In 2004, CDBaby (an online music store with more than 100,000 independent singers and artists) signed a deal with Apple Computer for every artist who sold an album on CDBaby.

globalization

Initially, only Mac OS X users with a credit card with a billing address in the United States could use the iTunes Store to purchase songs. Subsequently, the iTunes Store for Microsoft Windows was launched on October 16, 2003. Since 2004, the iTunes Store has been launched in more countries. (Only some countries and regions are listed below)

The picture shows the service status of the iTunes Store in various countries. Green means that users can enjoy all services, and red means that users can only enjoy some services.

country / region content type partner company song price
music music video podcast TV show Movie application books iTunes Match iTunes U iTunes Radio
 USA April 28, 2003 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes Canceled on January 28, 2016 yes $0.69 - 1.29
 U.K. June 15, 2004 yes yes yes June 4, 2008 yes yes yes yes no yes £0.59 - 0.99
 France June 15, 2004 yes yes yes April 30, 2009 yes yes yes yes no yes 0.69 - 1.29
 Germany June 15, 2004 yes yes April 2, 2008 April 16, 2009 yes yes yes yes no yes 0.69 - 1.29
 Austria October 26, 2004 yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes no yes 0.69 - 1.29
 Belgium October 26, 2004 yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes no yes 0.69 - 1.29
 Finland October 26, 2004 yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes no yes 0.69 - 1.29
 Greece October 26, 2004 yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes no yes 0.69 - 1.29
 italy October 26, 2004 yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes no yes 0.69 - 1.29
 Luxembourg October 26, 2004 yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes no yes 0.69 - 1.29
 Netherlands October 26, 2004 yes yes no 2011年9月27日 0.69 - 1.29
 葡萄牙 2004年10月26日 0.69 - 1.29
 西班牙 2004年10月26日 0.69 - 1.29
 加拿大 2004年12月3日 2008年6月4日 CA$0.69 - 1.29
 爱尔兰 2005年1月6日 2009年4月30日 0.69 - 1.29
 瑞典 2005年5月10日 Kr9 - 12
 挪威 2005年5月10日 Kr8 - 10
 瑞士 2005年5月10日 CHF1.60 - 2.20
 丹麥 2005年5月10日 Kr8 - 10
 日本 2005年8月4日 2014年5月2日 ¥150 - 250
2005年10月25日 2005年10月25日 2008年6月24日 2008年8月14日 2016年1月28日取消 AU$1.19 - 2.19
 新西蘭 2005年12月6日 2008年8月14日 NZ$1.79 - 2.39
 墨西哥 2009年8月4日 2010年11月9日 MEX$9 - 15
 保加利亚 2011年9月29日 0.69 - 1.29
 賽普勒斯 2011年9月29日 0.69 - 1.29
 捷克 2011年9月29日 0.69 - 1.29
 爱沙尼亚 2011年9月29日 0.69 - 1.29
 匈牙利 2011年9月29日 0.69 - 1.29
 拉脫維亞 2011年9月29日 0.69 - 1.29
 立陶宛 2011年9月29日 0.69 - 1.29
 馬爾他 2011年9月29日 0.69 - 1.29
 波蘭 2011年9月29日 0.69 - 1.29
 羅馬尼亞 2011年9月29日 0.69 - 1.29
 斯洛維尼亞 2011年9月29日 0.69 - 1.29
 斯洛伐克 2011年9月29日 0.69 - 1.29
 阿根廷 2011年12月13日 2011年12月13日 $0.69 - 1.29
 巴西 2011年12月13日 2011年12月13日 $0.69 - 1.29
 玻利维亚 2011年12月13日 $0.69 - 1.29
 智利 2011年12月13日 $0.69 - 1.29
 哥伦比亚 2011年12月13日 $0.69 - 1.29
 哥斯达黎加 2011年12月13日 $0.69 - 1.29
2011年12月13日 $0.69 - 1.29
 厄瓜多尔 2011年12月13日 $0.69 - 1.29
 薩爾瓦多 2011年12月13日 $0.69 - 1.29
 危地马拉 2011年12月13日 $0.69 - 1.29
 洪都拉斯 2011年12月13日 $0.69 - 1.29
 尼加拉瓜 2011年12月13日 $0.69 - 1.29
 巴拿马 2011年12月13日 $0.69 - 1.29
 巴拉圭 2011年12月13日 $0.69 - 1.29
 秘魯 2011年12月13日 $0.69 - 1.29
 委內瑞拉 2011年12月13日 $0.69 - 1.29
 文莱 2012年6月27日 仅限公共领域图书 $0.69 - 1.29
 柬埔寨 2012年6月27日 仅限公共领域图书 $0.69 - 1.29
 香港 2012年6月27日 仅限公共领域图书 HK$5 - 8
 老挝 2012年6月27日 仅限公共领域图书 $0.69 - 1.29
 澳門 2012年6月27日 仅限公共领域图书 $0.69 - 1.29
 马来西亚 2012年6月27日 仅限公共领域图书 $0.69 - 1.29
 菲律賓 2012年6月27日 仅限公共领域图书 $0.69 - 1.29
 新加坡 2012年6月27日 仅限公共领域图书 S$0.98 - 1.48
 斯里蘭卡 2012年6月27日 仅限公共领域图书 $0.69 - 1.29
 臺灣 2012年6月27日 仅限公共领域图书 NT$15 - 30
 泰國 2012年6月27日 仅限公共领域图书 $0.69 - 1.29
 越南 2012年6月27日 仅限公共领域图书 $0.69 - 1.29
 中国大陆 仅免费播客 不適用
仅限公共领域图书 不適用

支付方式

目前绝大多数的国家的iTunes Store可使用信用卡(即Visa万事达卡美国运通)及礼品卡充值(如果可用)付款。某些国家则会使用其他的付款方式(例如美国商店可使用Paypal发现卡中国大陆可使用银联借记卡支付宝微信支付直接绑定支付,2014年11月下旬起执行),以适应各国国情

货币方面,最初各国的iTunes Store的货币为美元,随后世界各大国家的iTunes Store改用当地货币结算。目前绝大多数的发达国家和少数发展中国家均使用当地货币,在所有发达国家中,韩国仍在使用美元结算而非韩元,原因可能与币值低有关。

中国区审查

2013年4月,《每日电讯报》及《金融时报》有报道称,苹果公司为了“取悦”中华人民共和国政府,主动从iTunes Store中国区中取消了一个网络应用程序“经典书城”,而这款软件可以让读者看到一些被中国政府禁止的10本书。而就在此前,苹果公司首席执行官蒂姆·库克向中国顾客就苹果公司的售后服务作出道歉。此前,苹果受到中国大陆媒体长达数日的尖锐批评,称苹果的售后服务“内外有别”等。美国自由亚洲电台分析认为,此次官方围剿苹果公司,更可能是向苹果施加压力,目的在于推动苹果与中国官方合作,将中国区的苹果应用市场推广“备案”制度,将其纳入中国官方的审查监管大网。在本次事件发生前,香港独立时政杂志《陽光時務週刊》,在中国区原有iPad客户端,大陆用户可自由下载购买,但有部门要求苹果将其下架,苹果随后照办。

2016年4月,iTunes Store的电影服务在进入中国6个月后被中国国家新闻出版广电总局要求关闭,同时被关闭的还有iBooks的中国区商店。

參見

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