1. Mainstream chip architecture
ARM、X86、RISC-V、MIPS。
Second, what is the ARM architecture
Complex Instruction Set (CISC) and Reduced Instruction Set (RISC). How to say the difference between the two?
- The design idea of CISC pays more attention to the development of performance. It is a high-performance and high-power consumption chip, which has more advantages in high-density computing;
- The design idea of RISC pays more attention to low power consumption and small size. It is mostly used in mobile devices and has an advantage in repetitive tasks.
We can continue to give an example to illustrate the difference between the two. For example, if we want to order a person to eat, how should we order it?
We can directly give him the command to "eat", or we can order him to "take the spoon first, then scoop up a spoonful of rice, then open his mouth, then send it to his mouth, and finally swallow it".
It can be seen from this that different people have different understandings of ordering others to do things. Some people think that if I first give the person who receives the order enough training, let him master various complex skills (that is, in the hardware implement the corresponding complex functions in the computer), then you can use very simple commands to make him do very complicated things in the future - for example, just say "eat", and he will eat. But some people think that this will make things too complicated. After all, the person who accepts the order has to do very complicated things. What if you want him to eat food at this time? Do you want to continue to train him how to eat vegetables?
Why can't we divide things into many very basic steps, so that the person who receives the order only needs to know very few basic skills to complete the same job, but the person who gave the order is a little tired-for example, now I want to When he eats vegetables, he only needs to change "scoop up a spoonful of rice" in the command just now to "scoop up a spoonful of vegetables", and the problem will be solved, how simple it is.
This is the logical difference between "complex instruction set" and "reduced instruction set".
ARM architecture : used to be called Advanced RISC Machine (Advanced RISC Machine, earlier known as: Acorn RISC Machine), is a 32-bit reduced instruction set (RISC) processor architecture, which is widely used in many embedded systems design. Due to the characteristics of energy saving, the ARM processor is very suitable for the field of mobile communication, which is in line with its main design goal of low power consumption.
Advantages: low price; low energy consumption;
ARM licensing method: ARM does not manufacture or sell CPUs by its own design, but licenses the processor architecture to interested manufacturers.
Manufacturer: TI (Texas Instruments)/Samsung (Samsung)/Freescale (Freescale)/Marvell (Marvel)/Nvidia (NVIDIA).
3. Reference content