I have been engaged in software research and development for many years, and sometimes consult some communication-related international standards in my work. However, there has been a lack of a systematic understanding of the organizations that develop these standards. This article will introduce several common standardization organizations, including ITU, 3GPP, GSMA and CCSA, and understand their background, purpose of establishment and main tasks.
- ITU International Telecommunication Union
- 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
- GSMA Global System for Mobile Communications Association
- CCSA China Communications Standards Association
一、THAT
ITU (International Telecommunication Union) is one of the three major international standardization organizations. Founded in 1865, it was originally for 促进电报通信international cooperation, and later gradually developed into the highest organization of 全球电信China and the United States.信息通信技术领域
- ITU
目的was established促进全球信息和通信技术（ICT）的发展，为人类社会提供更高效、更广泛、更可持续的通信服务。. - ITU
职责is mainly responsible for分配和管理全球无线电频谱与卫星轨道资源,制定全球电信标准,向发展中国家提供电信援助,促进全球电信发展.
1.1 Development history
- The establishment of ITU
历史can be traced back to1865the year of establishment . OnITU（InternationalTelegraphUnion）国际电报联盟May 17, 1865, in order to realize the smooth realization of international telegraph communication, ITU was established.法、德、俄、意、奥等20个欧洲国家巴黎签订了《国际电报公约》 - With the application and rapid development of telephone and radio,
ITU的职权不断扩大27 countries including Germany, Britain, France, the United States, and Japan1906年signed the "International Radiotelegraph Convention" in Berlin. 1932年More than 70 countries held a meeting in Madrid, Spain, to merge the "International Telegraph Convention" with the "International Radiotelegraph Convention",制定《国际电信公约》and decided to1934年1月1日officially change its name from then on“ITU（InternationalTelegraphUnion）国际电报联盟”.1947年10月15日International Telecommunication Union, approved by the United Nations,成为联合国的一个专门机构.
1.2 Organizational structure
The ITU is currently located at 联合国的一个专门机构, by and and .总部瑞士日内瓦193个会员国近800个行业部门准成员学术成员
In terms of organizational structure, ITU is currently composed of 三个部门组成, respectively 无线通信部（ITU-R）, 电信标准化部（ITU-T）and 电信发展部（ITU-D）.
1.2.1 ITU-T
There are currently 电信标准化部门(ITU-T)10 research groups (Study Groups):
SG2: operational aspects of service provision and telecommunications management;SG3: Tariff and accounting principles including relevant telecommunication economic and policy issues;SG5: environment and climate change;SG9: TV and sound transmission and integrated broadband cable network;SG11: signaling requirements, protocols and test specifications;SG12: Performance, Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE);SG13: future networks including mobile and next generation networks (NGN);SG15: Optical transmission network and access network infrastructure;SG16: multimedia coding, systems and applications;SG17:Safety.
1.2.2 ITU-R
Currently the Radiocommunication Sector is mainly active in six Study Groups (Study Groups):
SG1: spectrum management;SG3: radio wave propagation;SG4: satellite service;SG5: Ground business;SG6: broadcasting business;SG7: Business of Science.
1.2.3 ITU-D
Currently ITU-D has established two study groups.
SG1: Telecommunication development policy and strategy research;SG2: Development and management of telecommunication services, networks and ICT applications.
2. 3GPP
3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) was established in December 1998, and its initial scope of work was for 第三代移动通信系统(mainly UMTS) 全球适用技术规范和技术报告. Subsequently the scope of work was improved, 增加了对UTRA长期演进系统的研究和标准制定.
3GPP 主要任务is 制定and 维护全球移动通信技术标准includes technical standards such as GSM, UMTS and LTE (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G and other technical standards).
- 3GPP organizational structure
- 3GPP Specification Naming
- 3GPP R15/R16/R17/R18
- 3GPP related XR specifications
2.1 Membership
3GPP is 成员构成mainly divided into 3 categories:
OP（Organizational Partner）组织伙伴, MRP（Market Representation Partners）市场代表伙伴, IM（Individual Members）独立成员.
- Organization partners:
中国通信标准化协会（CCSA）,欧洲电信标准协会（ETSI）,美国电信行业解决方案联盟（ATIS）,日本电信技术委员会（TTC）,日本无线工业及商贸联合会（ARIB）,韩国电信技术协会（TTA）,印度电信标准开发协会（TSDSI）are the seven organization partners of 3GPP. - Independent members:
There are more than 550 independent members of 3GPP. - Market representative partners:
There are 26 market representative partners including TD-SCDMA Industry Alliance, TD-SCDMA Forum, and CDMA Development Organization.
2.2 Organizational structure
In the organizational structure of 3GPP, 项目协调组（PCG）it is the highest management organization, responsible for overall coordination on behalf of the OP, such as responsible for 3GPP组织架构, 时间计划, 工作分配and so on.
Technical work 技术规范组（TSG）is done by .
Currently 3GPP is divided into 3 TSGs:
TSG RAN（无线接入网）TSG SA（业务与系统）TSG CT（核心网与终端）
Each TSG is divided into several 工作组（WG）, and each WG undertakes specific tasks.
2.3 Standard naming
The 3GPP working group formulates 技术规范（TS）and 技术报告（TR）generally names as follows:
For example, 3GPP TS 26.118 V15.2.0express 3GPP技术规范26.118 的Rel-15版本.
2.4 R15/R16/R17/R18
3GPPThe solution is 移动通信相关的问题, 满足传输内容和交互方式快速发展引入的新的网络需求. The norms formulated by it 以Release作为版本进行管理will complete the formulation of a version in one to two years on average 目前已经发展到Rel-18.
Currently, 3GPP is planning 5G-related standards, which can be divided into 两个大阶段:
R15/R16/R17These three versions are the first stage of 5G evolution;- The following
R18/R19/R20three versions are the second round of innovation in 5G evolution, that is5G-Advanced.
3. GSMA
GSMA(Global System for Mobile Communications Association) 全球移动通信系统协会is 全球移动通信领域a global organization 行业组织and one of the three major international organizations in the world mobile communication industry.
GSMA was established for the purpose 促进全球移动通信行业的发展和创新of 行业利益提供支持和代表性. Its main business includes 技术创新media and 标准制定media, advocating for industry interests and promoting the sustainable development of global mobile communications.
The main business of GSMA includes:
促进全球移动通信市场的发展: GSMA provides a communication and cooperation platform for the global mobile communication industry by holding various activities and conferences, promotes technical and commercial cooperation among countries, and promotes the development of the global mobile communication market.促进技术创新和标准制定: GSMA is committed to promoting the innovation and development of mobile communication technology, and promoting the formulation and promotion of technical standards through cooperation with industry-leading companies to support the development of the global mobile communication industry.为行业利益代言: On behalf of global mobile communication operators, GSMA conveys information and policy recommendations to the government and other stakeholders, speaks out for the interests of the industry, and safeguards the rights and interests of the industry.
3.1 Organizational structure
GSMA implements a membership system, and GSMA members can be divided into operator members, reporters and associate members, and enjoy different benefits in GSMA.
The GSMA spans more than 220 countries and connects 750 mobile operators and more than 250 companies in the wider mobile ecosystem around the world, including mobile phone manufacturers, software companies, equipment suppliers, Internet companies, and Industry organizations such as finance, healthcare, transportation and utilities. The GSMA also hosts industry-leading events such as 世界移动通信大会and 亚洲移动通信博览会.
董事会:
The highest authority of the GSMA is the GSMA Board of Directors, which was established in 2003. The GSMA Board of Directors consists of the Chairman, Director General and more than 20 directors.
The GSMA Board gives GSMA members a stronger voice, clearer direction and faster decision-making. The largest group of operators is represented, while smaller independent operators have global representation.总干事With领导小组:
The Director General reports to the Board of Directors and is responsible for the day-to-day management of the GSMA.
The Director-General is supported by a Steering Group and is responsible for leading all aspects of the Association's work.区域利益小组:
The GSMA's Regional Interest Groups provide forums where the mobile industry can discuss and address issues specific to specific regions or regional perspectives on global issues. The GSMA has regional Internet groups in Europe, Latin America, Asia, the Arab world, Africa and North America.
4. CCSA
中国通信标准化协会通信技术领域标准化(CCSA: China Communications Standards Association) carries out activities for our country 非营利性法人社会团体, mainly 任务to better carry out communication standard research work, follow 公平、公正、公开的原则制定标准, carry out 标准的协调、把关，支撑我国的通信产业, and make contributions to world communication.
2.2 Organizational structure
CCSA consists of 会员大会, 理事会, 技术专家咨询委员会, 技术管理委员会, 技术工作委员会and 秘书处组成.
There are currently 12 of them mainly engaged in technical work 技术工作委员会（TC Technical Committee）, each responsible for different fields of 标准制定work:
TC1: Internet and applications;TC3: Network and business capabilities;TC4: Communication power supply and communication station working environment;TC5:Wireless communication;TC6: transmission network and access network;TC7: Network management and operation support;TC8: Network and information security;TC9: Electromagnetic environment and safety protection;TC10: Internet of Things;TC11: Mobile Internet applications and terminals;TC12: aerospace communication technology;TC13: Industrial Internet.
reference
ITU：
https://www.itu.int/zh/pages/default.aspx/
CCSA：
https://www.ccsa.org.cn/
Encyclopedia GSMA:
https://www.sgpjbg.com/news/38963.html
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