Article directory
Summary of high-frequency test points for technical interviews - cloud native articles
Hello everyone, this is Xiaodai!
The previous article also introduced most stereotyped articles related to computer foundation, operating system, computer network, and Linux. Today, I will introduce the hotter technology, cloud native !
If your project involves cloud-native technology, the interviewer will definitely shine, and will also focus on inspections. Then what content will cloud-native examine, let’s talk about it today ~
This article introduces it from two aspects. The first is to briefly introduce cloud native , and the second is to give questions related to cloud native that interviewers will examine .
Some features of this summary are:
1) Close to the interview : almost 100% of the problems encountered in the interview;
2) Concise and practical : It will not cover all aspects, but will include the most important knowledge and the most frequently tested knowledge under each topic.
3) Do not give official standard answers : On the one hand, you can test your own mastery, and on the other hand, you can remember more deeply in actively searching for answers.
Past content of this series:
Summary of high-frequency test points for technical interviews-computer network articles: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/13oOfB0z4C1wQc301TcLdQ
Summary of high-frequency test points for technical interviews-MySQL articles: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/n_lK4P7jF35ow39e3XhHtQ
Summary of high-frequency test points for technical interviews - C++: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/VRFkrTImrcUo5rH1gIqLfA
Summary of high-frequency test sites for technical interviews - Redis: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/nHKv3ZMpAdoHyBABX1uKzQ
Summary of test points for HR face-to-face and rhetorical questions: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/_eFbmQgEGvGxM2LFHWUpSQ
Summary of high-frequency test points for technical interviews-Linux articles: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lBA7hSdLnt3VEVO0evCBwA
Summary of high-frequency test points for technical interviews-operating system articles: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/u4vQGw9qK-do1D7qTaTOug
Tips: Although this test site summary will not give the answer, but in the follow-up basic computer knowledge, it will give Linux, C++, JAVA, computer network, operating system, design pattern, data structure and algorithm, Redis, MySQL, A detailed version of stereotyped essay PDF on JS, CSS, VUE, HTML and other knowledge topics, including questions and detailed answers to questions, including answers to questions in this push series, and answers to questions that are also frequently tested. Among them, the back-end knowledge is sorted out by me, and the front-end knowledge is sorted out by a front-end boss ~ it is already being sorted out!
1. Introduction to Cloud Native
Let’s briefly introduce cloud native first~
Cloud native is a new software development and delivery method, which is a combination of cloud computing technology and modern software development methods , aiming to improve the portability , scalability and maintainability of applications . Cloud native includes key features such as containerization , microservices architecture , DevOps workflow, and API - based interactions .
- Containerization is one of the core technologies of cloud native. It packages applications and their dependencies into containers, thereby realizing the standardization of cross-platform and cloud deployment. Containers can be quickly started and stopped, and can also seamlessly switch between different operating environments, providing flexibility for cross-cloud migration and management of applications.
- Microservice architecture is another important cloud-native feature, which splits applications into multiple small, autonomous service units, communicates through API interfaces, and can be independently deployed, expanded, and updated. This helps to improve the maintainability, scalability, and reliability of the application, while also better adapting to the rapid changes in the cloud computing environment.
- DevOps workflow is another important part of cloud native, which enhances the coordination and interaction between development and operation and maintenance through collaboration and automation, thereby enhancing the quality and reliability of applications.
- API-based interaction is also an important feature of cloud-native, which implements communication between services by defining and using standard API interfaces, and supports automated deployment and operation and maintenance.
Generally speaking , cloud native is a modern software development and delivery method, which can help enterprises build and deploy applications faster and more flexibly, and improve the portability, scalability and maintainability of applications.
We can see that cloud native has four main parts: microservice architecture , DevOps , continuous delivery and containerized deployment
Microservice Architecture : Applications can communicate through RESTful API, and can be independently deployed, updated, scaled and restarted
DevOps : To achieve rapid deployment to the production environment, developers and operation and maintenance personnel can work together, and also provide automated publishing tools, CI tools
Continuous delivery : realize fast delivery, frequent delivery, fast feedback and other functions
Containerized deployment : Containerization is the best carrier for microservice architecture
If the interviewer asks you, do you know about cloud native , talk about your understanding of cloud native , and you can answer according to the above~
Here is also AWS's understanding of cloud native application development:
From: https://aws.amazon.com/cn/what-is/cloud-native/
1) Continuous integration
Continuous Integration (CI) is a software practice in which developers frequently integrate changes into a shared code base without error. Small, frequent changes increase development productivity because you can identify and troubleshoot problems faster. CI tools automatically assess the code quality of every change so development teams can add new features with more confidence.
2) Continuous Delivery
Continuous delivery (CD) is a software practice that supports cloud-native development. With CD, development teams can ensure that microservices are ready to deploy to the cloud. They use software automation tools to reduce risk when making changes, such as introducing new features and fixing bugs in applications. CI and CD work together to enable efficient software delivery.
3) DevOps
DevOps is a software culture that improves collaboration between development and operations teams. This is a design philosophy that is consistent with cloud-native patterns. DevOps practices enable organizations to accelerate the software development life cycle. Developers and operations engineers use DevOps tools to automate cloud-native development.
4) Serverless
Serverless computing is a cloud-native model where the cloud provider fully manages the underlying server infrastructure. Developers use serverless computing because cloud infrastructure automatically scales and configures to meet application requirements. Developers only pay for the resources used by their applications. Serverless architectures automatically remove computing resources when an application stops running.
2. List of cloud native interview questions
The next questions cover cloud-native , micro-service , distributed and other popular knowledge questions, and you can prepare for them in a targeted manner~
1) Talk about your understanding of cloud native
2) What is microservice architecture, the difference between microservice architecture and traditional architecture, the advantages and disadvantages of microservice architecture
3) How to realize the microservice architecture
Derived questions:
- How do clients access these services?
- How do the various services communicate with each other?
- How to manage these services?
- If a service hangs up, how to deal with it, what will happen?
4) What is RPC
5) The difference between RPC protocol and HTTP protocol
6) Introduce the principle of RPC protocol
7) What is the RPC framework, the principle of the RPC framework
8) Why is a registration center needed, and how is a registration center generally implemented
9) What is gRPC
dubbo，grpc，thrift
10) What is load balancing
11) Classification of load balancing, what software load balancing methods are there?
12) What are forward proxy and reverse proxy
13) Advantages and disadvantages of load balancing
14) Common load balancing algorithms
15) What are the fuse mechanism and service downgrade, and how to achieve it
16) How to achieve high concurrency
Cluster deployment, database master-slave, cache, message middleware technology
17) How to ensure high availability
redundant design
18) What is a distributed lock, the principle of a distributed lock
19) How to implement distributed locks, how to implement based on database, and how to implement based on redis
20) What is docker, the concept of image, container, dockerfile and so on in docker
21) The difference between docker and virtual machine
22) Advantages and disadvantages of docker
23) The underlying principle of docker
namespace，cgroups，unionFS
24) How to communicate between multiple containers
docker-compose
25) What is K8s, the relationship between K8s and docker, the advantages and disadvantages of K8s and application scenarios
26) What are the concepts of K8s, pod, deployment, and service?
27) How to communicate between different services in K8s
28) Distributed transactions, how to ensure consistency
29) What is strong consistency, weak consistency, and final consistency
30) Distributed transaction consistency algorithm
2pc, 3pc, raft, tcc, principle and advantages and disadvantages
31) Talk about your understanding of distributed
32) In order to ensure the final consistency, what methods can be adopted to ensure
33) Consistency and availability conflict, how to make a trade-off
34) What is CAP theory
35) What is etcd, the application scenarios of etcd
36) In K8s, introduce what is Minikube, Kubectl, Kubelet
37) How to perform cluster management in K8s
3. Summary
Okay, so far, the introduction of cloud native and related exam questions have been introduced~40 exam questions, which are also a very comprehensive and systematic inspection of relevant knowledge, and the coverage is still very complete.
In addition, let me explain here that this series is mainly to help you check for gaps and make up for omissions. I went through the most frequently asked questions in interviews in a targeted manner , but did not give an answer. If you are in a hurry, you can Baidu for related questions. If there are detailed answers, after I update this topic, I will help you sort out the test site summary with a detailed answer version~ it will also contain the answers to this part of the question!
The original intention of this series is to give you the fastest way to get started with technical interviews . After going through the questions, you can kill the basic questions of technical interviews~
I hope it can help everyone~
Digression
Here is a little bit about what Xiaodai wants to update recently:
Mainly update two topics, plus organize some PDFs:
Required interview topics : Linux, HR, Operating System, Cloud Native, Scenario & Intellectual Questions, Test Development, Front-End Development
State-owned enterprises in-depth secret topics : CCB Operation Data Center, Bank of Communications Headquarters Financial Technology Guan Peisheng, Aerospace Science and Industry Institute Third Department, Bank of Communications Headquarters Software Development, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Software Center, Telecom Headquarters Cloud Network Operations Department, Bohai Bank Headquarters Information Technology Department, Tianyi Cloud, Information Technology Department of China CITIC Bank Headquarters, Guan Peisheng, Information Technology Department of Bank of China Headquarters
PDF arrangement : Xiaodai's 100 face-to-face interviews with autumn recruits, recommendations by state-owned and central enterprises in various regions, stereotyped essays for state-owned and central enterprises PDF
Regarding PDF, there are a lot of PDF materials that have been sorted out, and they are all available for free~
[External link picture transfer failed, the source site may have an anti-theft link mechanism, it is recommended to save the picture and upload it directly (img-JwPgsuCP-1681190103482) (C:\Users\Zz\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\ image-20230403072227142.png)]