I started reading this book by chance during a business trip in April. I finished reading this book on May 8, and I have no time to organize my notes. I quickly took the time to organize it during the Dragon Boat Festival.
To be honest, I read few books of this type. Apart from homework during school, I liked novels, especially romance, martial arts, and some inspirational and social psychology books. I mainly read books after work. The books are all related to work, and there are very few books of this type, so when I read this book, I feel that it is not as attractive as the novels during school, but compared with technical books, it is much less boring. , The overall feeling is that when foreigners write books, they can break apart, crumble, and unfold the knowledge points that are very common in our daily life and seem to be very conventional. This book is divided into 5 parts and 32 chapters. The whole book has a total of 424 pages (excluding 2 pages for acknowledgments, a total of 422 pages). The article cites a large number of cases to illustrate some points. It reads a bit like ours. Proof questions in mathematics, arguments, and arguments are used to prove a truth, and some truths seem to be correct, but after the argument, an opposite conclusion is obtained.
Get to know the author first
The author "Daniel Kahneman" was born in Tel Aviv , Israel in 1934, and has dual citizenship of Israel and the United States . He graduated from the Hebrew University of Israel in 1954 with a bachelor's degree in psychology and mathematics. At 15:30 local time on October 8, 2002 in Stockholm, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced that Daniel Kahneman, an Israeli professor at Princeton University in the United States, and Vernon L. Smith, a professor at George Mason University in the United States , will share the 2002 Nobel Prize in Economics. Laureate in Economics. Daniel Kahneman was awarded "for bringing together research in psychology and economics, especially as it pertains to decision-making under uncertainty." Vernon L. Smith was awarded "for his empirical analysis of economics through laboratory experiments, especially the study of various market mechanisms."
The first edition of many books, including "Judgment under Uncertainty", "Contemporary Economic Psychology", etc., among which "Thinking, Fast and Slow", won the "New York Times" Top Ten Best Books in 2011.
What is this book about?
This book is divided into five parts in total: 1) System 1, System 2; 2) Heuristics and bias; 3) Overconfidence and decision errors; 4) Choice and risk; 5) Two selves.
Part 1: System 1, System 2
What is System 1 and what is System 2?
Everyone has 2 systems where:
The operation of System 1 is unconscious and fast, with little mental effort, no feeling, and completely in a state of autonomous control, similar to our first reaction, most of the time System 1 is operating unconsciously . The article uses a picture and a simple calculation problem as an example. When seeing a picture and a simple calculation problem, System 1 will be mobilized unconsciously. System 1 is autonomous and initial impressions and feelings.
System 2 requires mental effort, such as some complex calculations . System 2 operations are often associated with subjective experiences of behavior, choice, and focus. Choices that need to be made after deliberation require System 2.
When System 1 is in trouble, System 2 will solve it .
Leading and Supporting Actors in Movies
System 1 and System 2 are like the protagonist and supporting role of a movie. Most of the time, System 1 judges some phenomena and behaviors based on the first impression, so most of the time it is System 1, System 1 is the protagonist, and System 2 It will only appear in some crucial tasks and complex situations, so System 2 is a supporting role.
The paradox of lazy thinking and delayed gratification
When dealing with some things, when the mood and sense of satisfaction are satisfied, the pass rate is often very high. For example, the pass rate of the bail application is very high after each meal, and the bail officer who is tired and hungry is easy to deny the application.
The wrong answer blurted out . When I read this case, I happened to be on the train returning from a business trip. I used this case to test the companions who came back together, and found that it was surprisingly similar to the one in the book. The topic is this:
The racket and ball cost $1.10. The racket costs $1 more than the ball. Ask how much the ball costs .
Seeing this topic, the number that comes to mind immediately is 10, which is 10 cents. Because he elicits an intuitive, appealing, but wrong answer. Do the math, and learn that the correct answer is 5 cents.
Lenovo's magical power
For example, some keywords will lead people to think of some information, and this happens automatically without any effort. You can't control it, and you can't make him stop. This is a running process of System 1. Through some words and pictures, some reactions follow the process of "associative activation". banana, vomiting,
Your intuition may be just an illusion
Such as an illusion caused by memory, seeing the names of some not well-known people, and looking at them again after a while, there will be a feeling of deja vu
The Halo Effect and the Wisdom of Crowds
Solomon Asch, an enduring classic in psychology experiments, describes two people and asks others to comment on their personalities:
Allen: smart - hardworking - impulsive - critical - stubborn - jealous
Ben: Jealousy-stubborn-critical-impulsive-hardworking-smart
Seeing this, most people will prefer Allen. The character traits listed in the first few entries change the meaning of the traits that appear later. We think a smart person has reason to be stubborn, and we respect that. However, there is something dangerous about a jealous and stubborn man, if he is also intelligent.
The order in which a person's personality traits are viewed is random, however, the order does matter because the halo effect focuses on first impressions and subsequent information is largely dismissed.