Develop a simple web page using python

How to make a simple browser in Python.
First, we need to install a Python application framework called PyQt5. You can install PyQt5 using pip by running the following command at the command line:

pip install PyQt5

Next, we can use the QWebEngineView control in PyQt5 to implement the basic interface of the browser. The following is a basic Python code example that creates a simple browser window with an address bar and controls for browsing web pages.

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets import *
 
class Browser(QWidget):
 
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
 
        # 创建布局
        self.layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
 
        # 创建地址栏
        self.url_bar = QLineEdit()
        self.url_bar.returnPressed.connect(self.navigate_to_url)
        self.layout.addWidget(self.url_bar)
 
        # 创建Web浏览器控件
        self.browser = QWebEngineView()
        self.browser.setUrl(QUrl("https://www.google.com"))
        self.layout.addWidget(self.browser)
 
        # 展示浏览器窗口
        self.show()
 
    def navigate_to_url(self):
        # 获取地址栏中输入的URL并加载相应的网页
        url = self.url_bar.text()
        self.browser.setUrl(QUrl(url))
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 创建应用程序
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
 
    # 创建浏览器窗口
    browser = Browser()
 
    # 应用程序事件循环
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

This code creates a user interface that includes an address bar and a QWebEngineView control initialized with the Google search home page. When the user enters a URL in the address bar and presses the Enter key, the browser uses the QWebEngineView control to navigate to the corresponding page.

This is just a simple browser example, we can enhance it with more code, such as adding favorites, back and forward buttons, etc.
Next we can add some basic functionality to the browser, such as forward and back buttons, refresh button, favorites, etc.

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets import *
 
class Browser(QWidget):
 
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
 
        # 创建布局
        self.layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
 
        # 创建地址栏
        self.url_bar = QLineEdit()
        self.url_bar.returnPressed.connect(self.navigate_to_url)
        self.layout.addWidget(self.url_bar)
 
        # 创建工具栏
        self.toolbar = QToolBar()
        self.layout.addWidget(self.toolbar)
 
        # 创建前进按钮
        self.back_button = QAction("Back", self)
        self.back_button.triggered.connect(self.browser.back)
        self.toolbar.addAction(self.back_button)
 
        # 创建后退按钮
        self.forward_button = QAction("Forward", self)
        self.forward_button.triggered.connect(self.browser.forward)
        self.toolbar.addAction(self.forward_button)
 
        # 创建刷新按钮
        self.refresh_button = QAction("Refresh", self)
        self.refresh_button.triggered.connect(self.browser.reload)
        self.toolbar.addAction(self.refresh_button)
 
        # 创建收藏夹
        self.bookmark_button = QAction("Bookmark", self)
        self.bookmark_button.triggered.connect(self.add_to_bookmarks)
        self.toolbar.addAction(self.bookmark_button)
 
        # 创建Web浏览器控件
        self.browser = QWebEngineView()
        self.browser.setUrl(QUrl("https://www.google.com"))
        self.layout.addWidget(self.browser)
 
        # 展示浏览器窗口
        self.show()
 
    def navigate_to_url(self):
        # 获取地址栏中输入的URL并加载相应的网页
        url = self.url_bar.text()
        self.browser.setUrl(QUrl(url))
 
    def add_to_bookmarks(self):
        # 添加当前网页到收藏夹
        url = self.browser.url().toString()
        title = self.browser.page().title()
        print(f"Adding bookmark for {
      
      title}: {
      
      url}")
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 创建应用程序
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
 
    # 创建浏览器窗口
    browser = Browser()
 
    # 应用程序事件循环
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

In this example, we create a toolbar to hold forward, back, refresh and bookmark buttons and connect them to the corresponding actions. We've also added a simple add-to-favorites function to log the URL and title of the current web page.
Now that our browser is more and more complete, we can add more functions as needed.

Alternatively, it can be implemented as follows:

pip install PyQt5
 
pip install PyQtWebEngine

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import QKeySequence
 
class Browser(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
 
        self.url_bar = QLineEdit()
        self.url_bar.returnPressed.connect(self.navigate_to_url)
 
        self.tabs = QTabWidget()
        self.tabs.setDocumentMode(True)
        self.tabs.currentChanged.connect(self.current_tab_changed)
        self.tabs.setTabsClosable(True)
        self.tabs.tabCloseRequested.connect(self.close_current_tab)
 
        self.nav_bar = QToolBar()
        self.addToolBar(self.nav_bar)
 
         
 
        self.tabs.tabBarDoubleClicked.connect(self.tab_open_doubleclick)
        self.tabs.currentChanged.connect(self.current_tab_changed)
 
        self.add_new_tab(QUrl("https://www.baidu.com"), "首页")
 
        self.setCentralWidget(self.tabs)
 
        nav_bar = QToolBar()
        self.addToolBar(nav_bar)
 
        back_btn = QAction("后退", self)
        back_btn.triggered.connect(self.go_back)
        nav_bar.addAction(back_btn)
 
        forward_btn = QAction("前进", self)
        forward_btn.triggered.connect(self.go_forward)
        nav_bar.addAction(forward_btn)
 
        reload_btn = QAction("刷新", self)
        reload_btn.triggered.connect(self.reload_page)
        nav_bar.addAction(reload_btn)
 
        home_btn = QAction("首页", self)
        home_btn.triggered.connect(self.navigate_home)
        nav_bar.addAction(home_btn)
 
        self.url_bar = QLineEdit()
        self.url_bar.returnPressed.connect(self.navigate_to_url)
        self.nav_bar.addWidget(self.url_bar)
        nav_bar.addWidget(self.url_bar)
 
        nav_bar.addSeparator()
         
        self.status = QStatusBar()
        self.setStatusBar(self.status)
 
        # 添加书签管理
        self.bookmarks = []
        self.bookmarks_menu = self.menuBar().addMenu("书签")
        self.update_bookmarks()
 
        # 添加历史记录
        self.history = []
 
        # 添加下载管理
        self.downloads = []
 
        # 添加密码管理
        self.passwords = {
    
    }
 
        # 添加阅读模式
        self.reading_mode = False
 
        # 添加多语言支持
        self.language = "中文"
 
        # 添加设置选项
        settings_action = QAction("设置", self)
        settings_action.triggered.connect(self.show_settings)
        self.menuBar().addAction(settings_action)
 
        # 添加隐私模式
        self.private_mode = False
 
        # 添加广告拦截
        self.ad_block = False
 
        # 添加搜索引擎切换
        self.search_engine = "Google"
 
        # 添加快捷键
        new_tab_shortcut = QShortcut(QKeySequence("Ctrl+T"), self)
        new_tab_shortcut.activated.connect(self.add_new_tab)
 
        # 美化界面
        self.setStyleSheet("""
            QMainWindow {
                background-color: #F0F0F0;
            }
            QTabWidget::pane {
                border: 1px solid #C0C0C0;
                background: white;
            }
            QTabBar::tab {
                padding: 8px;
                background-color: #E0E0E0;
                border: 1px solid #C0C0C0;
                border-top-left-radius: 4px;
                border-top-right-radius: 4px;
            }
            QTabBar::tab:selected {
                background-color: #FFD700;
            }
            QToolBar {
                background-color: #E0E0E0;
            }
            QLineEdit {
                background-color: #FFFFFF;
            }
            QStatusBar {
                background-color: #E0E0E0;
            }
        """)
    def tab_open_doubleclick(self, i):
 
        if i == -1:
            self.add_new_tab()
 
    def update_url(self, q, browser=None):
        if browser is None:
            browser = self.tabs.currentWidget()
        if browser != self.tabs.currentWidget():
            return
 
        self.url_bar.setText(q.toString())
 
        self.url_bar.setText(q.toString())
 
    def current_tab_changed(self, i):
        qurl = self.tabs.currentWidget().url()
        self.update_url(qurl, self.tabs.currentWidget())
 
    def add_new_tab(self, qurl=None, label="新标签页"):
        if qurl is None:
            qurl = QUrl("https://www.baidu.com")
 
        browser = QWebEngineView()
        browser.setUrl(qurl)
        i = self.tabs.addTab(browser, label)
 
        self.tabs.setCurrentIndex(i)
 
        browser.urlChanged.connect(lambda qurl, browser=browser: self.update_url(qurl, browser))
        browser.loadFinished.connect(lambda _, i=i, browser=browser: self.tabs.setTabText(i, browser.page().title()))
 
    def update_url(self, q, browser=None):
        if browser != self.tabs.currentWidget():
            return
 
        self.url_bar.setText(q.toString())
 
    def tab_open_doubleclick(self, i):
        if i == -1:
            self.add_new_tab()
 
    def current_tab_changed(self, i):
        qurl = self.tabs.currentWidget().url()
        self.update_url(qurl, self.tabs.currentWidget())
 
    def close_current_tab(self, i):
        if self.tabs.count() < 2:
            return
 
        self.tabs.removeTab(i)
     
    def navigate_home(self):
        self.tabs.currentWidget().setUrl(QUrl("https://www.baidu.com"))
 
    def navigate_to_url(self):
        q = QUrl(self.url_bar.text())
 
        if q.scheme() == "":
            q.setScheme("http")
 
        self.tabs.currentWidget().setUrl(q)
 
    def go_back(self):
        self.tabs.currentWidget().back()
 
    def go_forward(self):
        self.tabs.currentWidget().forward()
 
    def reload_page(self):
        self.tabs.currentWidget().reload()
 
    def update_bookmarks(self):
        for bookmark in self.bookmarks:
            self.bookmarks_menu.removeAction(bookmark)
 
        self.bookmarks.clear()
 
        for i in range(self.tabs.count()):
            qurl = self.tabs.widget(i).url()
            title = self.tabs.tabText(i)
            action = QAction(title, self)
            action.setData(qurl)
            action.triggered.connect(self.navigate_to_bookmark)
            self.bookmarks.append(action)
            self.bookmarks_menu.addAction(action)
 
    def navigate_to_bookmark(self):
        action = self.sender()
        if action:
            qurl = action.data()
            self.tabs.currentWidget().setUrl(qurl)
 
    def show_settings(self):
        settings_dialog = QDialog(self)
        settings_dialog.setWindowTitle("Settings")
        settings_dialog.setMinimumSize(300, 200)
 
        layout = QVBoxLayout()
 
        # 添加设置选项
        language_label = QLabel("Language:")
        language_combo = QComboBox()
        language_combo.addItem("English")
        language_combo.addItem("Chinese")
        language_combo.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.set_language)
        language_combo.setCurrentText(self.language)
 
        layout.addWidget(language_label)
        layout.addWidget(language_combo)
 
        settings_dialog.setLayout(layout)
        settings_dialog.exec_()
 
    def set_language(self, index):
        language = "English" if index == 0 else "Chinese"
        if language != self.language:
            self.language = language
            # TODO: 设置浏览器界面语言
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    app.setApplicationName("强大浏览器")
 
    window = Browser()
    window.show()
 
    sys.exit(app.exec_())