The steps of using IHttpClientFactory and HttpClientFactory in C# Winform introduce six methods:
HttpClientFactory is a new feature introduced in ASP.NET Core 2.1, which can help us manage HttpClient instances. In Winform applications, we can also use IHttpClientFactory to manage HttpClient instances.
Add the following NuGet packages to the winform project:
- Microsoft.Extensions.Http
- Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection
The NuGet package that installs Microsoft.Extensions.Http above will be installed together with the Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjectionNuGet package.
Microsoft uses .NET's IHttpClientFactory introduction https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/core/extensions/httpclient-factory
In C#, the relationship and function of IHttpClientFactory and HttpClientFactory
In C#, IHttpClientFactory and HttpClientFactory are factory classes used to create and manage HttpClient instances. HttpClient is the class used to send HTTP requests, it can be used multiple times in the application. However, every time you use HttpClient, you need to manually create and configure it, which may lead to code duplication and performance problems.
To solve this problem, Microsoft introduced IHttpClientFactory and HttpClientFactory in ASP.NET Core 2.1. IHttpClientFactory is an interface that defines methods for creating and managing HttpClient instances. HttpClientFactory is the default implementation of the IHttpClientFactory interface, which provides some default configuration options, such as connection pool size, timeout, etc.
Using IHttpClientFactory and HttpClientFactory brings the following benefits:
-
Code reuse: By using IHttpClientFactory and HttpClientFactory, you can avoid duplication of code in your application to manually create and configure HttpClient instances.
-
Performance optimization: HttpClientFactory uses a connection pool to manage HttpClient instances, which can reduce the overhead of creating and destroying HttpClient instances and improve application performance.
-
Flexible configuration: By configuring IHttpClientFactory and HttpClientFactory, you can easily change the behavior of the HttpClient instance, such as timeout, proxy settings, etc.
Here is an example using IHttpClientFactory and HttpClientFactory:
public class MyController : Controller
{
private readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;
public MyController(IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory)
{
_httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
}
public async Task<IActionResult> Index()
{
var client = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
var response = await client.GetAsync("https://www.example.com");
var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
return Content(content);
}
}
In the above example, we injected the IHttpClientFactory interface and used it in the Index method to create the HttpClient instance. HttpClientFactory automatically manages the lifecycle of HttpClient instances and uses connection pooling to improve performance.
In short, IHttpClientFactory and HttpClientFactory are factory classes for creating and managing HttpClient instances, which can help us avoid duplication of code, improve performance and provide flexible configuration options.
the first method
Step 1: Add NuGet Package
First, you need to add the Microsoft.Extensions.Http NuGet package to your project. Can be added via the NuGet package manager or via the Package Manager Console.
Step 2: Create an instance of HttpClient
Next, you need to create an instance of HttpClient in your code. You can use HttpClientFactory to create HttpClient instances, which can avoid some problems caused by directly creating HttpClient instances in code.
using System.Net.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
// 在program.cs程序入口处添加以下代码
var services = new ServiceCollection();
services.AddHttpClient();
var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
var httpClientFactory = serviceProvider.GetService<IHttpClientFactory>();
var httpClient = httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
Step 3: Use the HttpClient instance
Now, the HttpClient instance can be used to send HTTP requests. Here is a simple example:
var response = await httpClient.GetAsync("https://www.example.com");
var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
In this way, HttpClientFactory can be used in Winform.
The second method
Using HttpClientFactory to send HTTP requests in Winform can improve the readability and maintainability of the code. Here are the steps to use HttpClientFactory:
-
Add the Microsoft.Extensions.Http NuGet package to your project.
-
Create an instance of HttpClientFactory in code.
using System.Net.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
// 在构造函数中创建HttpClientFactory实例
public class MyForm : Form
{
private readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;
public MyForm()
{
var services = new ServiceCollection();
services.AddHttpClient();
var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
_httpClientFactory = serviceProvider.GetService<IHttpClientFactory>();
}
}
3. Use the HttpClientFactory instance to create an HttpClient instance.
// 在需要发送HTTP请求的方法中创建HttpClient实例
private async Task<string> SendHttpRequestAsync()
{
var httpClient = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
var response = await httpClient.GetAsync("https://example.com");
return await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
}
Add proxy agent and user-Agent. Use the HttpClientHandler class to set up the proxy server, and then pass the HttpClientHandler instance to the HttpClient constructor.
private readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
var services = new ServiceCollection();
services.AddHttpClient();
var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
_httpClientFactory = serviceProvider.GetService<IHttpClientFactory>();
}
async Task<string> DownloadWebsiteAsync(string site)
{
var httpClient = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
var proxies = new List<string> { "http://proxy1:port", "http://proxy2:port", "http://proxy3:port" };
var userAgents = new List<string> { "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299" };
var random = new Random();
var proxyIndex = random.Next(proxies.Count);
var userAgentIndex = random.Next(userAgents.Count);
var handler = new HttpClientHandler
{
Proxy = new WebProxy(proxies[proxyIndex]),
UseProxy = true
};
httpClient = new HttpClient(handler);
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("User-Agent", userAgents[userAgentIndex]);
var response = await httpClient.GetAsync(site).ConfigureAwait(false);
var responseStream = await response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();
var streamReader = new StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.Default);
return await streamReader.ReadToEndAsync();
}
third method
First, we need to install the Microsoft.Extensions.Http package in the Winform application. It can be installed via the NuGet package manager or the command line:
Once the Install-Package Microsoft.Extensions.Http
is installed, we need to configure the HttpClientFactory at application startup. You can add the following code to the Main method in the Program.cs file:
static void Main()
{
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
var services = new ServiceCollection();
services.AddHttpClient();
var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
var httpClientFactory = serviceProvider.GetService<IHttpClientFactory>();
Application.Run(new Form1(httpClientFactory));
}
In the above code, we first create a ServiceCollection object, and then call the AddHttpClient method to register the HttpClientFactory service. Next, we construct the ServiceProvider object through the BuildServiceProvider method, and obtain the IHttpClientFactory service through the GetService method. Finally, we pass the httpClientFactory object to the Form1 form.
In the Form1 form, we can receive the httpClientFactory object through the constructor and use it to create an HttpClient instance. Here is an example:
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
private readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;
public Form1(IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory)
{
InitializeComponent();
_httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
}
private async void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
var httpClient = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
var response = await httpClient.GetAsync("https://www.example.com");
var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
textBox1.Text = content;
}
}
In the above code, we first receive the httpClientFactory object in the constructor and save it in a private field. Then, in the button1_Click event handler, we use the httpClientFactory object to create the HttpClient instance and use it to send the GET request. Finally, we display the response content in the textBox1 control.
By using HttpClientFactory to manage HttpClient instances, we can avoid resource waste and performance degradation. In addition, HttpClientFactory also provides some other functions, such as customizing the configuration of HttpClient instances and managing multiple HttpClient instances. Therefore, it is a good choice to use HttpClientFactory in Winform application.
fourth method
Add the following code to the Program.cs file of the winform project:
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace WinFormApp
{
static class Program
{
[STAThread]
static async Task Main()
{
var builder = new HostBuilder()
.ConfigureServices((hostContext, services) =>
{
services.AddHttpClient();
});
var host = builder.Build();
using (var serviceScope = host.Services.CreateScope())
{
var services = serviceScope.ServiceProvider;
var httpClientFactory = services.GetRequiredService<IHttpClientFactory>();
// 在这里使用httpClientFactory
}
}
}
}
When using _httpClientFactory_ in a winform project, you need to use the following code:
var httpClientFactory = services.GetRequiredService<IHttpClientFactory>();
var httpClient = httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
full usage code
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WinFormApp
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
private readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;
public Form1(IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory)
{
InitializeComponent();
_httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
}
private async void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//这里省略很多代码...............
DownloadWebsiteAsync(url)
}
private async Task<string> DownloadWebsiteAsync(string url)
{
var httpClient = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
var response = await httpClient.GetAsync(site).ConfigureAwait(false);
var responseStream = await response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();
var streamReader = new StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.Default);
return await streamReader.ReadToEndAsync();
}
}
}fifth method
Step 1: Install the Microsoft.Extensions.Http package
Open the Winform application's project in Visual Studio, right click on the project name, select "Manage NuGet Packages". Search for "Microsoft.Extensions.Http" in the NuGet Package Manager, and install the package.
Step 2: Configure HttpClientFactory in the Startup.cs file
In Winform application, we need to configure HttpClientFactory manually. Add a file called "Startup.cs" to your project and add the following code:
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using System.Net.Http;
public class Startup
{
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddHttpClient();
}
}
Step 3: Use HttpClientFactory in Winform form
In Winform form, we can use HttpClientFactory to create HttpClient instance. Here is a simple example:
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using System.Net.Http;
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
private readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;
public Form1(IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory)
{
_httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
InitializeComponent();
}
private async void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
var client = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
var response = await client.GetAsync("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1");
var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
textBox1.Text = content;
}
}
In the above example, we injected the IHttpClientFactory interface and assigned it to a private field in the constructor. In the button1_Click event handler, we use the HttpClientFactory to create an instance of HttpClient and use it to send an HTTP GET request.
or
Step 1: Install the Microsoft.Extensions.Http package
Open the NuGet Package Manager console in Visual Studio and run the following command:
Install-Package Microsoft.Extensions.Http
Step 2: Configure HttpClientFactory in Startup.cs
In Winform application, there is no Startup.cs file, we need to create one manually. Add a new class file to the project, call it Startup.cs, and add the following code to it:
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using System.Net.Http;
namespace WinformHttpClientFactoryDemo
{
public static class Startup
{
public static void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddHttpClient();
}
}
}
Step 3: Call the ConfigureServices method in the Main method
In the Main method of the Winform application, call the ConfigureServices method to configure the HttpClientFactory:
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using System.Net.Http;
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
private readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;
public Form1(IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory)
{
_httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
InitializeComponent();
}
private async void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
var client = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
var response = await client.GetAsync("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1");
var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
textBox1.Text = content;
}
}
sixth method
step
-
In the Winform application, open the NuGet Package Manager, and search for Microsoft.Extensions.Http. Install this package.
-
In the application's startup code, add the following code:
IServiceCollection services = new ServiceCollection();
services.AddHttpClient();
This will add the HttpClientFactory service to the application.
3. In the code that needs to send HTTP requests, inject the IHttpClientFactory service and use it to create an HttpClient instance. Here is an example:
public class MyService
{
private readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;
public MyService(IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory)
{
_httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
}
public async Task<string> GetSomeData()
{
var client = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
var response = await client.GetAsync("https://example.com");
return await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
}
}
In the above example, we injected the IHttpClientFactory service and used it in the GetSomeData method to create the HttpClient instance. We can use HttpClient instance to send HTTP request.
Complete code example
using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
namespace MyWinformApp
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
private readonly MyService _myService;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
IServiceCollection services = new ServiceCollection();
services.AddHttpClient();
var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
_myService = serviceProvider.GetService<MyService>();
}
private async void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
var data = await _myService.GetSomeData();
MessageBox.Show(data);
}
}
public class MyService
{
private readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;
public MyService(IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory)
{
_httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
}
public async Task<string> GetSomeData()
{
var client = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
var response = await client.GetAsync("https://example.com");
return await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
}
}
}
In the code sample above, we created a Winform application and added the HttpClientFactory service in the application's startup code. We also created a MyService class that uses the IHttpClientFactory service to send HTTP requests. In the button click event of the winform application, we use the MyService class to get some data and display it in a message box.
Introduction to HttpClientFactory
HttpClientFactory is a new feature in ASP.NET Core 2.1 that provides a better way to manage HttpClient instances. In previous versions, we need to manually create and manage HttpClient instances, which may cause some problems, such as memory leaks and performance issues. HttpClientFactory solves these problems by providing a centralized HttpClient instance manager.
The main function of HttpClientFactory is to provide a factory of HttpClient instances, which can be injected into other components in the application. This factory manages the lifecycle of HttpClient instances and provides some additional features such as automatic retries, load balancing and circuit breakers.
The advantage of using HttpClientFactory is that it can help us better manage HttpClient instances, thereby improving application performance and reliability. It also reduces duplication of code in the code and provides some extra features such as automatic retries and circuit breakers.
If you're using ASP.NET Core 2.1 or higher, I suggest you try using HttpClientFactory to manage your HttpClient instances.
Introduction to IHttpClientFactory vs. HttpClient
In C#, HttpClient is a commonly used class for sending HTTP requests. However, as the complexity of the application increases, using HttpClient may cause some problems, such as performance issues and resource leaks. Therefore, Microsoft launched HttpClientFactory to solve these problems. So, what is the difference between HttpClientFactory and HttpClient?
HttpClientFactory is a factory class for creating and managing HttpClient instances. It offers several advantages such as:
- Performance: HttpClientFactory can reuse HttpClient instances, thereby reducing the overhead of creating and destroying instances.
- Configurability: HttpClientFactory can configure the behavior of HttpClient instance, such as timeout, retry strategy and message handler.
- Life cycle management: HttpClientFactory can manage the life cycle of HttpClient instances, thus avoiding resource leaks.
In contrast, using HttpClient can cause some problems, such as:
- Performance: Every time an HTTP request is sent, an HttpClient instance needs to be created and destroyed, which can cause performance issues.
- Configurability: The behavior of HttpClient instances is usually hard-coded, which means they are difficult to change at runtime.
- Lifecycle management: The lifecycle of an HttpClient instance is usually manually managed by the developer, which can lead to resource leak issues.
Here is an example using HttpClientFactory:
public class MyController : Controller
{
private readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;
public MyController(IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory)
{
_httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
}
public async Task<IActionResult> Index()
{
var client = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
var response = await client.GetAsync("https://www.example.com");
var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
return Content(content);
}
}
In this example, we inject the IHttpClientFactory interface and use it to create HttpClient instances. The HttpClient instance in this example is managed by HttpClientFactory, so we don't need to manually manage its lifecycle. In addition, we can configure the behavior of the HttpClient instance in HttpClientFactory, such as timeout and retry strategy.
In conclusion, HttpClientFactory is a better choice because it provides better performance, configurability and lifecycle management. If you are using HttpClient, consider migrating to HttpClientFactory.
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