"Ali Java interview top secret interpretation: 220 classic interview questions to help you face the challenge!"

Java basics:
1. What is the difference between JDK and JRE?

2. What is the difference between == and equals? == Interpretation

3. The hashCode() of the two objects is the same, so must equals() be true?

4. What is the role of final in Java?

5. What is Math. round(-1. 5) equal to in Java?

6. Is String a basic data type?

7. What classes are there for manipulating strings in Java? What's the difference between them?

8. Is String str="i" the same as String str=new String("i")?

9. How to reverse a string?

10. What are the commonly used methods of the String class?

11. Does an abstract class have to have abstract methods?

12. What is the difference between a normal class and an abstract class?

13. Can an abstract class be decorated with final?

14. What is the difference between interface and abstract class?

15. How many types of IO streams are there in Java?

16. What is the difference between BIO, NIO, and AIO?

17. What are the common methods of Files?

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Java container
18. What are the Java containers?

19. What is the difference between Collection and Collections?

20. What is the difference between List, Set, Map?

21. What is the difference between HashMap and Hashtable?

22. How to decide to use HashMap or TreeMap?

23. Tell me about the implementation principle of HashMap?

24. Tell me about the implementation principle of HashSet?

25. What is the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList?

26. How to realize the conversion between array and List?

27. What is the difference between ArrayList and Vector?

28. What is the difference between Array and ArrayList?

29. What is the difference between poll() and remove() in Queue?

30. Which collection classes are thread safe?

31. What is iterator Iterator?

32. How to use Iterator? What are the characteristics?

33. What is the difference between Iterator and ListIterator?

34. How to ensure that a collection cannot be modified?

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Java multithreading
35. What is the difference between parallelism and concurrency?

36. What is the difference between thread and process?

37. What is a daemon thread?

38. What are the ways to create threads?

39. What is the difference between runnable and callable?

40. What are the states of a thread?

42. What is the difference between sleep() and wait()?

43. What is the difference between notify() and notifyAll()?

44. What is the difference between run() and start() of a thread?

45. What are the ways to create a thread pool?

46. ​​What are the states of the thread pool?

47. What is the difference between submit() and execute() methods in thread pool?

48. How to ensure the safety of multi-threaded operation in Java programs?

49. What is the principle of synchronized lock upgrade in multithreading?

50. What is deadlock?

51. How to prevent deadlock?

52. What is ThreadLocal? What are the usage scenarios?

53. Tell me about the underlying implementation principle of synchronized?

54. What is the difference between synchronized and volatile?

55. What is the difference between synchronized and Lock?

56. What is the difference between synchronized and ReentrantLock?

57. Tell me about the principle of atomic?

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Java reflection
58. What is reflection?

59. What is Java serialization? When is serialization required?

60. 动态代理是什么?应用场景?

61. 怎么实现动态代理?

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对象拷贝
62. 为什么要使用克隆?

63. 如何实现对象克隆?

64. 深拷贝和浅拷贝区别是什么?

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javaweb
65. JSP 和 servlet 有什么区别?各自特点是什么?

66. JSP 有哪些内置对象?作用分别是什么?

67. 说一下 JSP 的 4 种作用域?

68. session 和 cookie 有什么区别?

69. 说一下 session 的工作原理?

70. 假定载客户端禁止 cookie下session如何使用?session与cookie的区别是什么?

71. spring mvc 和 struts 的区别是什么?

72. 如何避免 SQL 注入?

73. 什么是 XSS 攻击,如何避免?

74. 什么是 CSRF 攻击,如何避免?

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Java异常
75. throw 和 throws 的区别?

76. final、finally、finalize 有什么区别?

77. try-catch-finally 中哪个部分可以省

78. try-catch-finally 中,如果 catch 中 return 了,finally 还会执行吗?

79. 常见的异常类有哪些?

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Java网络编程
80. http 响应码 301 和 302 代表的是什么?有什么区别?

81. forward 和 redirect 的区别?

82. 简述 tcp 和 udp的区别?

83. tcp 为什么要三次握手,两次不行吗?为什么?

84. 说一下 tcp 粘包是怎么产生的?

85. OSI 的七层模型都有哪些?

86. get 和 post 请求有哪些区别?

87. 如何实现跨域请求?

88. 说一下 JSONP 实现原理?

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Java设计模式
89. 请列举出在JDK中几个常用的设计模式?

90. 什么是设计模式?你是否在你的代码里面使用过任何设计模式?

91. Java 中什么叫单例设计模式?请用Java 写出线程安全的单例模式

92. 在 Java 中,什么叫观察者设计模式(observer design pattern)?

93. 使用工厂模式最主要的好处是什么?在哪里使用?

94. 举一个用 Java 实现的装饰模式(decorator design pattern)?它是作用于对象层次还是类层次?

95. ava 编程为什么不允许从静态方法中访问非静态变量?

96. 如果需要设计一个 ATM 机,你的设计思路是什么?

97. 在 Java语言 中,什么时候用重载,什么时候用重写?

98. 请举例说明什么情况下会更倾向于使用抽象类而不是接口?

99. 简单工厂和抽象工厂有什么区别?

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Spring
100.为什么要使用 spring?

101.解释一下什么是 Aop?

102.解释一下什么是 ioc?

103. spring 有哪些主要模块?

104. spring 常用的注入方式有哪些?

105. spring 中的 bean 是线程安全的吗?

106. spring 支持几种 bean 的作用域?

107. spring 自动装配 bean 有哪些方式?

108. spring 事务实现方式有哪些?

109. 说一下 spring 的事务隔离?

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Spring MVC
110. 说一下 spring mvc 运行流程?

111. spring mvc 有哪些组件?

112. What is the role of @RequestMapping?

113. What is the role of @Autowired?

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SpringBoot
114. What is SpringBoot?

115. Why use Spring Boot?

116. What is the SpringBoot core configuration file?

117. What are the types of SpringBoot configuration files? What's the difference?

118. What are the ways of spring boot to achieve hot deployment?

119. What is the difference between jpa and hibernate?

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Spring Cloud
120. What is spring cloud?

121. What is the function of spring cloud circuit breaker?

122. What are the core components of spring cloud?

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Hibernate
123. Why use hibernate?

124. What is an ORM framework?

125. How to view the printed SQL statement on the console in hibernate?

126. How many query methods does hibernate have?

127. Can hibernate entity class be defined as final?

128. Entity classes in hibernate use int and Integer to distinguish

129. How does hibernate work?

130. What is the difference between get() and load()?

131. Tell me about the caching mechanism of hibernate?

132. What are the states of hibernate objects?

133. What is the difference between getCurrentSession and openSession in hibernate?

134. Do hibernate entity classes have to have a parameterless constructor? Why?

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MyBatis
135. What is the difference between #{} and ${} in MyBatis?

136. How many paging methods does MyBatis have?

137. RowBounds 是一次性查询全部结果吗?为什么?

138. MyBatis 逻辑分页和物理分页的区别是什么?

139. MyBatis 是否支持延迟加载?延迟加载的原理是什么?

140. 说一下 MyBatis 的一级缓存和二级缓存?

141. MyBatis 和 hibernate 的区别有哪些?

142. MyBatis 有哪些执行器(Executor)?

143. MyBatis 分页插件的实现原理是什么?

144. MyBatis 如何编写一个自定义插件?

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RabbitMQ
145. RabbitMQ 的使用场景有哪些?

146. RabbitMQ 有哪些重要的角色?

147. RabbitMQ 有哪些重要的组件?

148. RabbitMQ 中 vhost 的作用是什么?

149. RabbitMQ 的消息是怎么发送的?

150. RabbitMQ 怎么保证消息的稳定性?

151. RabbitMQ 怎么避免消息丢失?

152. 要保证消息持久化成功的条件有哪些?

153. RabbitMQ 持久化有什么缺点?

154. RabbitMQ 有几种广播类型?

155. RabbitMQ 怎么实现延迟消息队列?

156. RabbitMQ 集群有什么用?

157. RabbitMQ 节点的类型有哪些?

158. RabbitMQ 集群搭建需要注意哪些问题?

159. RabbitMQ 每个节点是其他节点的完整拷贝吗?为什么?

160. RabbitMQ 集群中唯一一个磁盘节点崩溃了会发生什么情况?

161. RabbitMQ 对集群节点停止顺序有要求吗?

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Kafka
162. kafka 可以脱离 zookeeper 单独使用吗?为什么?

163. kafka 有几种数据保留的策略?

164. kafka 同时设置了 7天和 10G 清除数据,到第五天的时候消息达到了 10G,这个时候 kafka 将如何处理?

165. 怎么设置kafka topic数据存储时间

166. 什么情况会导致 kafka 运行变慢?

167. 使用 kafka 集群需要注意什么?

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Zookeeper
168. zookeeper 是什么?

169. zookeeper 都有哪些功能?

170. zookeeper 有几种部署模式?

171. zookeeper 怎么保证主从节点的状态同步?

172. 集群中为什么要有主节点?

173. 集群中有 3 台服务器,其中一个节点宕机,这个时候 zookeeper 还可以使用吗?

174. 说一下 zookeeper 的通知机制?

175. ZAB和Paxos算法的联系与区别?

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MySQL
176. 数据库的三范式是什么?

177. 一张自增表里面总共有 7 条数据,删除了最后 2 条数据,重启 MySQL 数据库,又插入了一条数据,此时 id 是几?

178. 如何获取当前数据库版本?

179. 说一下 ACID 是什么?

180. char 和 varchar 的区别是什么?

181. float 和 double 的区别是什么?

182. MySQL 的内连接、左连接、右连接有什么区别?

183. MySQL 索引是怎么实现的?

184. 怎么验证 MySQL 的索引是否满足需求?

185. 说一下数据库的事务隔离?

186. 说一下 MySQL 常用的引擎?

187. 说一下 MySQL 的行锁和表锁?

188. 说一下乐观锁和悲观锁?

189. MySQL 问题排查都有哪些手段?

190. 如何做 MySQL 的性能优化?

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Redis
191. Redis 是什么?都有哪些使用场景?

192. Redis 有哪些功能?

193. Redis 和 memcache 有什么区别?

194. Redis 为什么是单线程的?

195. 什么是缓存穿透?怎么解决?

196. Redis 支持的数据类型有哪些?

197. Redis 支持的 Java 客户端都有哪些?

198. jedis 和 Redisson 有哪些区别?

199. 怎么保证缓存和数据库数据的一致性?

200. Redis 持久化有几种方式?

201. Redis 怎么实现分布式锁?

202. Redis 分布式锁有什么缺陷?

203. Redis 如何做内存优化?

204. Redis 淘汰策略有哪些?

205.单线程的Redis为什么这么快

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JVM
206. 说一下 JVM 的主要组成部分?及其作用?

207. 说一下 JVM 运行时数据区?

208. 说一下堆栈的区别?

209. 队列和栈是什么?有什么区别?

210. 什么是双亲委派模型?

211. 说一下类装载的执行过程?

212. 怎么判断对象是否可以被回收?

213. Java 中都有哪些引用类型?

214. 说一下 JVM 有哪些垃圾回收算法?

215. 说一下 JVM 有哪些垃圾回收器?

216. 详细介绍一下 CMS 垃圾回收器?

217. 新生代垃圾回收器和老生代垃圾回收器都有哪些?有什么区别?

218. 简述分代垃圾回收器是怎么工作的?

219. 说一下 JVM 调优的工具?

220. 常用的 JVM 调优的参数都有哪些?

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