Author: Zen and the Art of Computer Programming
With the increasing popularity of Internet applications, the number of concurrent users of the website is increasing, and the performance of the website is also more and more restricted. The website needs to process a large number of requests so that the server can respond to a large number of user requests at the same time, but at the same time it cannot increase the consumption of server hardware resources infinitely. Therefore, how to improve the concurrency, performance and availability of the website has become an important topic.
Due to the relatively few CPU resources of a single machine, the performance drops significantly during concurrent access. Therefore, deploying services in a clustered manner and dispersing multiple servers in different geographical locations can effectively solve the bottleneck problem of a single server.
In order to improve the concurrency, performance, and availability of websites, web developers should make full use of the characteristics of modern software and hardware, and combine various optimization methods, such as caching, load balancing, and distributed storage, to achieve higher concurrent processing capabilities, lower latency, better availability, and scalability. This article will introduce some knowledge of multi-threaded programming and distributed consistency in Web development in detail, and illustrate its usage and advantages with specific cases.
2. Explanation of basic concepts and terms
2.1 Multithreading
In computer science, multithreading is a technique used to execute multiple tasks simultaneously at the same time period. It improves application system performance by dividing tasks into multiple independently running threads or lightweight processes. Its advantages include saving resources, increasing processing speed, increasing application throughput, and improving user experience. However, in multithreaded programming, you need to pay attention to the following points:
- Create and manage threads. When creating and managing threads, take extra care to prevent problems such as thread synchronization errors, deadlocks, excessive activity, or resource leaks;
- data sharing. When multiple threads access the same data at the same time, unpredictable behavior may occur, and it is necessary to ensure the security and correct access of data;
- Inter-thread communication. When multiple threads need to communicate, lock mechanism or message queue mechanism can be used;