WIFI security access authentication

        The secure access of WiFi is realized through the following technologies and protocols:

        1. Encryption

        WiFi encryption technologies include WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy), WPA (WiFi Protected Access) and WPA2, etc., which are used to protect data security during WiFi network transmission. Among them, WEP is a less secure encryption protocol, and WPA2 is currently the most secure WiFi encryption protocol.

        Regarding the security issues of WEP, here are mainly the following points:

1. Key length: The WEP key length is too short, only 40 or 104 bits , which allows an attacker to find the key using brute force methods in a very short time.

2. Encryption algorithm: WEP uses RC4 encryption algorithm , which has loopholes and can be easily cracked by attackers. An attacker can obtain an encryption key by intercepting data packets transmitted over a WiFi network, and then use the key to decrypt data transmitted over a WiFi network.

3. Weaknesses exist: WEP has some weaknesses, such as using the same key to encrypt multiple times results in duplication of data, which makes it easy for attackers to crack encrypted data. Additionally, WEP keys are static and not regularly updated , allowing attackers to crack encrypted data using known keys.

4. Security authentication issues: WEP does not provide sufficient authentication mechanisms , so man-in-the-middle attacks may occur , and attackers can pretend to be legitimate users of the WiFi network to access and steal data in the network.

        Compared with WEP, WPA (WiFi Protected Access) and WPA2 include improvements in the following aspects and have more secure features:

1. More secure encryption algorithms: WPA and WPA2 use more secure encryption algorithms, such as TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) and AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) , instead of the relatively simple RC4 encryption algorithm used by WEP.

2. Dynamic keys: WPA and WPA2 use dynamic keys , also known as Temporal Keys, which means that each device on the network has its own unique key , so that attackers cannot easily intercept and decipher encrypted information.

3. Stronger authentication and security: WPA and WPA2 support multiple authentication methods, such as pre-shared key (PSK) and protocol-based 802.1x authentication . These authentication methods effectively mitigate the risk of man-in-the-middle attacks and enhance the security of WiFi networks.

4. Password length and complexity: WPA and WPA2 support longer passwords, which makes it harder for attackers to guess network passwords through brute force. Additionally, WPA and WPA2 recommend using complex and strong passwords to enhance the security of your network.

5. Security updates and improvements: Compared with WEP, WPA and WPA2 have been continuously updated and improved during the development and release process to fix known security holes and weaknesses and improve network security.

        2. Certification

        WiFi networks often require authentication to ensure only authorized users can access the network. Authentication methods include pre-shared key (PSK)-based authentication and enterprise-level (Enterprise)-based authentication . In PSK-based authentication, the user needs to provide a pre-shared key to log into the WiFi network. Enterprise-based authentication requires the use of more complex certificates, tokens, and other security devices to complete identity verification and authentication.

        For example, WPA (WiFi Protected Access)-PSK and WPA2-PSK are WiFi encryption protocols based on a pre-shared key (Pre-Shared Key, PSK). PSK uses a pre-shared key to encrypt and authenticate WiFi networks without the need for additional authentication servers or certificates. The following briefly introduces the characteristics of WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK:

        WPA-PSK: WPA-PSK is a WiFi encryption protocol using PSK, which uses the TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) algorithm to improve the security of data transmission. WPA-PSK replaces WEP authentication with the Preshared Key mode, and all devices connected to the WPA-PSK network need to know the correct pre-shared key in order to successfully connect to the network.

        WPA2-PSK: WPA2-PSK is a WiFi encryption protocol using PSK in WPA2, which uses a stronger AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm to encrypt data. Compared with WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK has higher security and better performance. Like WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK needs to set the correct pre-shared key in the network settings, and all devices connected to the WPA2-PSK network need to know this key to successfully connect to the network.

        But it should be noted that the WiFi encryption protocol using PSK is vulnerable to guessing and cracking risks. Therefore, you should try to use longer and complex passwords to strengthen the security of the WiFi network, and change the pre-shared key regularly to prevent intrusion. In addition, you can also choose the encryption technology based on 802.1X authentication in the encryption mode of WPA or WPA2 to further strengthen the network security.

        Enterprise-level authentication uses the WiFi encryption method based on the 802.1X authentication protocol. Different from the WiFi encryption method based on the pre-shared key (PSK), an additional authentication server and CA certificate are required for identity verification, making network data more secure. Safe and reliable.

        3. SSID hiding

        Hiding SSID can effectively enhance the security of WiFi network. That is, when broadcasting the WiFi network name (SSID), set the SSID to be invisible or hidden, and only specific users who know the SSID can connect to the WiFi network.

        SSID hiding is achieved by changing the settings of your WiFi router. The specific implementation process: (1) Log in to the management interface of the WiFi router, go to the WiFi setting page, and select the "SSID Broadcast" option. (2) Set the “SSID Broadcast” option to “Disabled” and save the settings. This will stop the router from broadcasting the WiFi network name. (3) After saving the settings, the WiFi router will no longer broadcast the WiFi network name (SSID) to the air in the corresponding frequency band of WiFi, which means that unauthorized users will not be able to find and connect to the WiFi network list by scanning or searching network. (4) To connect to a hidden WiFi network, users need to manually enter the name of the WiFi network (ie SSID) and provide the correct password.

        Although SSID hiding can improve the security of WiFi network, it is not absolutely safe, because the SSID name can still be obtained through other means, for example, attackers can use WiFi sniffing tools to capture communication packets in the network and extract Extract SSID information. Therefore, in addition to SSID hiding, strong passwords, encryption protocols, and other security measures need to be used to secure WiFi networks.

        4. MAC address filtering

        MAC address filtering is a simple WiFi network security measure. The MAC address of the authorized device can be added to the access control list of the WiFi network, and only the devices in this list can connect to the WiFi network.