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TLS (Transport Layer Security) is a security protocol used to protect the security and privacy of network communications. It is the successor of SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and is used to establish secure communication connections on the Internet. This article will introduce the introduction, working principle, development history, algorithm and reference materials of TLS.
1. Introduction
TLS is an encryption protocol used to establish a secure communication connection between a client and a server. It protects the confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data. TLS is commonly used to secure communications between web browsers and servers, such as when conducting online banking transactions or shopping. TLS prevents hackers from stealing users' sensitive information, such as credit card numbers, passwords, and personally identifiable information.
2. Working principle
TLS uses public key encryption and symmetric key encryption to protect the security of communication. During the TLS handshake, public keys and certificates are exchanged between the client and server to ensure authentication of both parties and confidentiality of communication. TLS also uses digital signatures to guarantee data integrity to prevent data from being tampered with or forged.
The workflow of TLS is as follows:
1. The client sends a connection request to the server.
2. The server returns the certificate and public key.
3. The client verifies the validity of the certificate and generates a symmetric key using public key encryption.
4. The client sends the encrypted symmetric key to the server.
5. The server decrypts the symmetric key with the private key and encrypts the data with the symmetric key.
6. The client decrypts the data using the symmetric key.
3. Development History
TLS was originally developed by Netscape to secure communications between web browsers and servers. The earliest version was SSL 1.0, but it was abandoned due to security flaws. SSL 2.0 and SSL 3.0 followed, but also had security holes. Released in 1999, TLS 1.0 is an upgraded version of SSL 3.0 that fixes some security holes. TLS 1.1 and TLS 1.2 were released in 2006 and 2008 respectively, further enhancing security and performance.
4. Algorithm
TLS uses a variety of encryption algorithms to protect the security of communications, including symmetric key encryption algorithms and public key encryption algorithms. Symmetric key cryptography is used to encrypt data, and public key cryptography is used to exchange keys and certificates. Commonly used encryption algorithms include:
1. Symmetric key encryption algorithm: AES, DES, 3DES, RC4, etc.
2. Public key encryption algorithms: RSA, Diffie-Hellman, ECDH, etc.
3. Message digest algorithm: MD5, SHA-1, SHA-2, etc.
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The relevant standards and specifications of TLS include:
1. RFC 5246: TLS 1.2 Protocol Specification.
2. RFC 8446: TLS 1.3 protocol specification.
3. RFC 2818: HTTP over TLS protocol specification.
4. RFC 7525: TLS Best Practice Guidelines.
Summarize:
This article introduces the introduction, working principle, development history, algorithm and reference materials of TLS. TLS is an encryption protocol used to protect the security and privacy of network communications. It uses public key encryption and symmetric key encryption to protect the security of communication, which can prevent hackers from stealing sensitive information of users. The development history of TLS can be traced back to SSL 1.0, but it was abandoned due to security flaws. TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1 and TLS 1.2 were released in 1999, 2006 and 2008 respectively, further enhancing security and performance. Commonly used encryption algorithms include AES, RSA, MD5, etc. The relevant standards and specifications of TLS include RFC 5246, RFC 8446, RFC 2818 and RFC 7525, etc.