1. The composition of the computer and the functions of each part:
Desktop = Host + Peripherals
Host: motherboard, CPU, graphics card, memory, hard disk, power supply, cooling, chassis
(the cost of motherboard + CPU + graphics card accounts for more than 60% of the total cost of the host)
Peripherals: monitor, mouse, keyboard, Headphones, Speakers
For example, the configuration diagram below:
Motherboard: used to connect other hardware
CPU: used to process data
Graphics card (GPU): used to process images
Memory: store data for running programs Hard
disk (SSD, mechanical hard disk): store data
Power supply: Provide electric
radiator: Cool the CPU
Chassis: Protect various hardware
Second, understand the computer configuration:
Motherboard: The motherboard chipset is the core component of the motherboard.
The motherboard needs to match the CPU. If the motherboard chipset is intel, it can only be used with intel cpu. If the motherboard chipset is amd, it can only be used with amd cpu.
There are three types of motherboards: ATX motherboard>M-ATX motherboard>ITX motherboard
Chipset: such as H610, B660, B450, X570, named by intel or amd, not by the manufacturer.
Every new generation of cpu has a new chipset,
such as the chipset that supports intel's 12th generation processor, Z690>H670 >B660>H610 (the higher the front, the more expensive, the more interfaces, the stronger the scalability)
such as the chipset that supports Intel’s 12th generation processor, X570>B550>A520
Motherboard brand: first-tier Asus, MSI second-tier, ASRock
second-
tier Biostar, Colorful, Maxsun, GALAX
Buying a motherboard depends on:
1. Memory slot: ddr5 memory slot does not support ddr4 memory
2.
CPU (processor): manufacturers include Intel intel and AMD (produces both processors, graphics cards, motherboard chipsets, the combination of the three is the 3A platform)
desktop-level CPU performance ladder chart CPU performance ranking
notebook CPU The price of Intel’s processor in the ladder map
: K>KF>F
K: with core display (integrated graphics card/integrated display), overclockable
KF: without core display, overclockable
F: without core
display , not overclockable Difference: Boxed warranty is better than loose pieces
Graphics card (GPU): Manufacturers include NVIDIA (N card) and AMD (A card)
graphics card performance ladder chart Graphics card performance rankings
Memory: three types of bare strip, vest strip, vest strip + light strip
1. The higher the capacity, the better, 32g>16g>8g
2. The higher the memory frequency, the better, 3600>3200>3000
3. The lower the timing, the better , C14>C16>C18>C19
For example: C18-22-22-42 written on the memory label, focus on the first value
4. Memory particles (it doesn’t matter if you don’t overclock).
Enterprises that independently manufacture memory particles include: Samsung, Micron , Hynix (the total shipments of the three memory chips accounted for 90% of the total), Changxin (domestic)
Samsung B-die> Micron C9> Hynix CJR, DJR> Changxin A-die
(such as Kingston, Zhiqi, Weiwei Just need to buy memory particles from Samsung and other companies to manufacture memory)
5.xmp (you need to go to the motherboard bios to enable the XMP function to reach the highest memory frequency)
6. Channel: dual channel>single channel, 8g*2>16g
7. Set of strips (It doesn’t matter if you don’t overclock), referring to consecutive numbers of SN codes, close to the physique, and easier to overclock
ddr (double data rate double speed): ddr5>ddr4>ddr3 (depending on whether the motherboard supports it)
buy the same brand, same capacity, same Model, memory group dual channel with the same frequency (different may cause compatibility issues)
1. If the motherboard does not support memory overclocking, it will be determined by the default memory frequency of the cpu.
2. If the motherboard supports memory overclocking, it will be determined by the memory itself
. 3. The memory frequency is backward compatible, that is, 3600 can also run at 3200, 30000
Hard disk:
divided into solid-state hard disk and mechanical hard disk, speed: solid-state hard disk > mechanical hard disk
(mobile hard disk = hard disk box + mechanical hard disk = hard disk box + solid-state hard disk)
(mobile hard disk is just to add accessories to the hard disk to make it more convenient to carry and use, which are essentially mechanical hard drives/solid state drives)
(first-line brands: Samsung, Western Digital)
SSD:
Interface: M.2 interface (mainstream), SATA interface (mechanical hard disk is also this interface), PCIE interface (basically eliminated)
M.2 interface is divided into M key and B-key, M key, Bkey
Bus: PCIE3 .0, PCIE4.0, SATA
protocol: NVME protocol, AHCI protocol
SATA interface only supports SATA bus, AHCI protocol, up to 550MB/s
M.2 interface (B-key) supports SATA bus (only AHCI protocol), PCIE bus (AHCI protocol/NVMe protocol)
M.2 interface (M- key) supports SATA bus (only AHCI protocol), PCIE bus (AHCI protocol/NVMe protocol) is
currently the most widely combined: M.2 interface, PCIE bus, NVMe protocol
Note: The bus that the interface can use depends on the motherboard Interface specification
Power supply: Convert 220V AC to DC, and supply power to the motherboard, CPU, graphics card, etc. It
is divided into non-module power supply, semi-module power supply, and full-module power supply (most of them are in this form at present)
Non-module power supply: all interfaces All cables are pulled out directly and cannot be removed by themselves. Half-module power supply: the cables
of the CPU and the motherboard cannot be removed.
The interface exists, and you can use customized wires (mainly to change the color and length of the wire, which is more beautiful and more convenient to route).
Size: ATX power supply > SFX power supply
Rated power: 550W, 650W, 750W, 850W, 1000W, etc. (required rated power> Power consumption of the whole machine)
80plus certification: stands for conversion efficiency, titanium>platinum>gold>silver>bronze>white
The best working environment of the power supply: rated power 50% < the power consumption of the whole machine < 80% of the rated power (choose the power according to the power consumption of the cpu and the graphics card) the power
consumption of the whole machine: (TDP power consumption of the CPU + TDP power consumption of the graphics card )*1.25
Such as: 12600KF+rtx3080, then the power consumption of the whole machine=(125+320)*1.25=556.25, then the power supply must be greater than 557/80%=696W If overclocking is considered, the power consumption of the whole machine=(150+
320 )*1.25=587.5, then the power supply should be greater than 588/80%=735W
Heat dissipation: It is used to dissipate heat for the CPU. When the CPU is overheated, it will automatically shut down and restart
. Choose a radiator to see if it can hold the CPU, and to see if the size needs to match the chassis (see the heat dissipation limit in the specific chassis description). The heat dissipation is divided into air cooling, cooling, and
cooling. Water-
cooled Air-cooled: divided into down-pressure type, tower type (commonly used, need to be coated with silicone grease, there are single tower and double tower)
1. Copper tube: the more thicker the better
2. Heat transfer base: copper bottom welding > heat pipe straight Touch, vapor chamber (often used in notebooks)
3. Fin size: the larger the fin, the larger the cooling area
Water cooling:
Chassis:
Air duct direction: Bottom-in and top-out, forward-back-out
ARGB software (dimming):
ASUS motherboard (fan + memory) -> install Armory Crate: https://www.asus.com.cn/supportonly/armoury crate/helpdesk_download/
GALAX graphics card -> install Magic Disk Xtreme Tuner: http://www.szgalaxy .com/__ZH_GB__/Driver5/Xtreme_Tuner#