Introduction and comparison of commonly used network communication protocols

1. VMess

VMess (Virtual Machine Mess) is an encrypted communication protocol based on the VMess protocol, which is developed by V2Ray (an open source network proxy tool). The VMess protocol is designed to provide secure and efficient communication, and is mainly used for communication between proxy servers and clients.

The VMess protocol has the following characteristics:

1. Encryption and Security: VMess uses strong encryption algorithms such as AES-128-CFB, AES-128-GCM, Chacha20-Poly1305, etc. to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of data. It also supports TLS (Transport Layer Security) protocol, providing end-to-end encrypted communication.

2. Multiplexing: The VMess protocol supports multiplexing, that is, multiple data streams can be transmitted on the same TCP connection. This means that multiple requests can send and receive data through one connection at the same time, improving the efficiency of communication.

3. Dynamic ports: The VMess protocol uses dynamic ports for communication, so that each connection uses a different port number. This increases the stealth of communications, making network traffic more difficult to identify and interfere with.

4. Load balancing: The VMess protocol supports load balancing, which can distribute incoming requests to multiple servers to achieve high availability and performance optimization.

5. Client and Server: The VMess protocol involves two main roles, the client and the server. A client connects to a proxy server, sends a request and receives a response. The server side receives the request and forwards the data stream to the target server or other proxy server.

6. Supported platforms: The VMess protocol can be used on multiple platforms, including Windows, Linux, macOS, and Android, etc. This makes it widely applicable and can be used to build various network proxy and tunneling applications.

Summarize

VMess protocol is a powerful, safe and reliable encrypted communication protocol. It provides efficient and secure communication methods for network proxies and tunnels through features such as encryption, multiplexing, and load balancing.

Two, vless

VLess (Virtual Less) is a lightweight encrypted communication protocol, which is simplified and optimized on the basis of VMess protocol. It was developed by V2Ray to provide a more concise and efficient way of communication.

Compared with the VMess protocol, the VLess protocol has the following characteristics:

1. Simplified configuration: The VLess protocol simplifies the configuration process and reduces the complexity of configuration files. Compared with the VMess protocol that needs to set a series of parameters and options, the VLess protocol only needs to set fewer parameters, making configuration simpler and easier to use.

2. Fewer encryption methods: The VLess protocol removes some encryption algorithms in the VMess protocol, and only retains one encryption method, namely AEAD (Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data). The AEAD encryption algorithm combines the functions of encryption and authentication to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of data.

3. Simplified transmission format: The VLess protocol adopts a simplified transmission format, which reduces the size of data packets and transmission delay. This makes communication more efficient and reduces the overhead of network transmission.

4. Dynamic port: Like the VMess protocol, the VLess protocol also uses a dynamic port for communication, ensuring that each connection uses a different port number, which increases the concealment and security of communication.

5. Supported platforms: The VLess protocol supports multiple platforms, including Windows, Linux, macOS, and Android, and has the same wide applicability as the VMess protocol.

Summarize

The VLess protocol is a simplified and optimized encrypted communication protocol based on the VMess protocol. It provides a more lightweight and efficient way to communicate by simplifying configuration, streamlining transmission formats, and preserving key encryption functions. The VLess protocol still provides secure encrypted communication and is suitable for building various network proxy and tunnel applications.

Three, trojan

The Trojan protocol is an encrypted proxy protocol based on the HTTP/HTTPS protocol, designed to disguise itself as common web traffic, bypass network censorship and firewall restrictions, and achieve secure and private communication. The Trojan protocol was originally designed to provide concealment and privacy protection, enabling users to freely access the Internet in a restricted network environment.

The Trojan protocol has the following characteristics:

1. Masquerading as common traffic: The Trojan protocol uses the HTTP/HTTPS protocol as a transmission carrier, making its communication look like normal web traffic. This camouflage makes it difficult to be detected by network censorship and firewalls, thereby enabling freedom of access to the network.

2. Encrypted communication: Trojan protocol encrypts communication data to ensure data security during transmission. It supports commonly used encryption algorithms, such as AES, RSA, etc., to protect the confidentiality and integrity of data.

3. Client and Server: The Trojan Protocol involves two main roles, the Trojan Client and the Trojan Server. The client is used to establish a connection with the server, and send the user's request to the server through an encrypted channel. The server side receives the request and forwards the data to the real target server or other proxy server.

4. Custom ports: Trojan protocols use custom ports for communication, usually using non-standard port numbers. This increases the stealth of the protocol, making network traffic more difficult to identify and interfere with.

5. Supported Platforms: Trojan Protocol is available on multiple platforms, including Windows, Linux, macOS, and Android, among others. This makes it widely applicable and can be used to build various network proxy and tunneling applications.

Summarize

The Trojan protocol is an encrypted proxy protocol based on HTTP/HTTPS, which realizes secure and private communication in a restricted network environment by disguising itself as common web traffic. It provides features such as encrypted communication, custom ports, and cross-platform support, and is suitable for scenarios that need to bypass network censorship and firewall restrictions. However, using the Trojan protocol requires compliance with relevant laws and regulations to ensure legal and compliant use.

四、shadowsocks

The Shadowsocks protocol is an encrypted communication protocol based on the Socks5 proxy protocol, which aims to provide secure and private network proxy services. The Shadowsocks protocol is designed to bypass network censorship and firewall restrictions, allowing users to freely access the Internet.

The Shadowsocks protocol has the following characteristics:

1. Proxy mode: The Shadowsocks protocol adopts the proxy mode, the client sends the network request to the Shadowsocks server, the server encrypts and forwards the request, and finally transmits the data to the target server. This proxy mode enables the user's real IP address and data content to be hidden.

2. Multiple encryption algorithms: Shadowsocks protocol supports multiple encryption algorithms, including AES, Blowfish, RC4, etc., to protect the confidentiality and integrity of communication data. Users can choose an appropriate encryption algorithm according to their needs.

3. Custom port: The Shadowsocks protocol uses a custom port for communication, usually using a non-standard port. This increases the stealth of the protocol, making network traffic more difficult to identify and interfere with.

4. Client and Server: The Shadowsocks protocol involves two main roles, the Shadowsocks client and the Shadowsocks server. The client sends the user's request to the server by connecting to the server, and the server encrypts the request and forwards the data to the target server or other proxy server.

5. Cross-platform support: The Shadowsocks protocol can be used on multiple platforms, including Windows, Linux, macOS, and Android, etc. This makes it widely applicable and can be used to build various network proxy and tunneling applications.

6. Socks

The Socks protocol (Socket Secure) is a general network proxy protocol that defines a set of standard proxy service interfaces. The Socks protocol is divided into multiple versions, among which Socks5 is the latest version. The Socks protocol can provide a proxy function between the application layer and the transport layer in the TCP/IP protocol stack, so as to realize the forwarding and proxy access of network data.

The characteristics of the Socks protocol include:

1. Proxy function: The Socks protocol allows the client to establish a connection with the target server through the Socks proxy server, and forward the data as a proxy. The client sends a request to the proxy server, and the proxy server is responsible for forwarding the request to the target server and returning the target server's response to the client.

2. Socks5 protocol features: Socks5 is the latest version of the Socks protocol, which supports multiple authentication methods and multiple transport layer protocols. It provides more powerful functions and better performance, including support for UDP forwarding, authentication options, multiple proxy methods, etc.

3. Application transparency: the Socks protocol is

Transparently, applications can access network resources through the Socks proxy server without modification. This makes the Socks protocol very flexible and suitable for various network application scenarios.

4. Wide support: Socks protocol is widely supported, and many operating systems and network applications have built-in support for Socks proxy. This makes the Socks protocol easy to configure and use.

Summarize

Both the Shadowsocks protocol and the Socks protocol are protocols for providing network proxy services. The Shadowsocks protocol mainly focuses on encryption and bypassing network censorship, while the Socks protocol provides general proxy functions. Both have broad applicability and are used to build various network proxy and tunneling applications.

Seven, Dokodemo-door

Dokodemo-door ("Any Door") is a general traffic forwarding protocol developed by V2Ray, designed to forward traffic from an entrance to a designated exit. It can be used to implement highly customized traffic forwarding and processing, allowing users to customize rules and actions.

The characteristics of the Dokodemo-door protocol are as follows:

1. Any door: Dokodemo-door allows users to define the entrance and exit of traffic, and forward the traffic from the specified entrance to the specified exit. Ingress and egress can be local or remote addresses, ports, protocols, etc.

2. Traffic forwarding: Dokodemo-door forwards traffic through a proxy server. The client sends the traffic to the specified ingress of the proxy server, and the proxy server forwards the traffic to the specified egress according to the rules defined by the user.

3. Flexible rule configuration: Dokodemo-door protocol supports users to define rules and operations according to their own needs. Users can set rules based on destination address, port, protocol and other conditions to realize customized forwarding and processing of traffic.

4. Traffic processing: Dokodemo-door can not only realize simple traffic forwarding, but also perform a series of traffic processing operations, such as traffic encryption, decryption, modification of message headers, load balancing, etc. This allows users to customize traffic according to specific needs.

5. Supported platforms: The Dokodemo-door protocol can be used on multiple platforms, including Windows, Linux, macOS, and Android, etc. It works with V2Ray to provide cross-platform traffic forwarding and processing.

Summarize

Dokodemo-door protocol is a general traffic forwarding protocol, which allows users to forward traffic from specified ingress to specified egress, and supports customized rules and traffic processing operations. It provides flexibility and scalability, and can be used to build various network proxy and tunnel applications to meet the customized needs of different users.

Eight, http and https

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is an application layer protocol for transferring hypertext data between web browsers and web servers. The HTTP protocol is based on the client-server model. The client sends an HTTP request to the server, and the server responds to the request and returns the corresponding data.

The characteristics of the HTTP protocol are as follows:

1. Simple: The design of the HTTP protocol is simple and clear, easy to understand and implement. It uses request and response messages in text format, including HTTP methods, URLs, header fields, and message bodies, etc.

2. Stateless: The HTTP protocol is stateless, that is, the server does not retain the state information requested by the client. Each request is independent, and the server only responds according to the request, and does not remember previous request information.

3. Based on TCP/IP: The HTTP protocol is based on the TCP/IP protocol stack, using TCP as the transport layer protocol. Both HTTP requests and responses are transmitted over TCP connections.

4. Plaintext transmission: The data transmission of the HTTP protocol is in plaintext, and the data is not encrypted. This means that HTTP communication content can be eavesdropped and tampered with, lacking security.

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is an extended protocol that adds security to the HTTP protocol. It uses SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) or TLS (Transport Layer Security) protocol to encrypt and authenticate data to ensure the security of communication.

The characteristics of the HTTPS protocol are as follows:

1. Encrypted communication: HTTPS uses the SSL/TLS protocol to encrypt HTTP communication to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of data during transmission. By using public key encryption and private key decryption technology, it is ensured that data can only be decrypted and read by legitimate communication parties.

2. Identity authentication: The HTTPS protocol uses digital certificates to authenticate the server to ensure that the client is connected to a legitimate server. Digital certificates are issued by a trusted third-party certificate authority (CA) to verify the identity of the server.

3. Port: HTTPS uses port 443 for communication by default, which is different from HTTP's default port 80. This helps distinguish normal HTTP traffic from encrypted HTTPS traffic.

4. Compatibility: The HTTPS protocol is compatible with the HTTP protocol, so most modern web browsers and web servers support HTTPS. By adding "https://" before the URL, secure communication can be performed using the HTTPS protocol.

Summarize

The HTTP protocol is a simple protocol used to transmit hypertext data between web browsers and web servers, while the HTTPS protocol is a security extension protocol that adds encryption and identity authentication to the HTTP protocol. HTTPS provides a more secure communication method by encrypting data using the SSL/TLS protocol, and is suitable for scenarios where sensitive information and privacy are protected, such as online payment and login.