Article Directory
foreword
提示：这里可以添加本文要记录的大概内容：
When we add a new hard disk, how to partition, format and mount
提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考
1. Add a hard disk?
——Operate when the virtual machine is shut down,
then continue to the next step, and
finally click OK to
enter the virtual machine to view, and found that there is already
Two, partition
[root@localhost dev]# fdisk /dev/sdb
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盘标识符 0x131cb49f 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n #分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p #选择主分区
分区号 (1-4，默认 1)： #默认为1，可自行选择
起始 扇区 (2048-41943039，默认为 2048)： #默认即可
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{
K,M,G} (2048-41943039，默认为 41943039)：+5G #可自定义大小
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p #查看
磁盘 /dev/sdb：21.5 GB, 21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x131cb49f
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 10487807 5242880 83 Linux
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w #保存并退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Run lsblk again to check
[root@localhost dev]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 5G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 4.5G 0 rom
If it does not show the use of command synchronization, generally I use it twice
partprobe /dev/sdb #Enter the disk path later
Three: Formatting
format via mkfs
[root@localhost dev]# mkfs #查看可以格式化的类型
mkfs mkfs.btrfs mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.minix mkfs.xfs
[root@localhost dev]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 #格式化我们刚刚分区过的硬盘为xfs格式
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327680 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1310720, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
The formatting is complete, and the sdb1 file exists under /dev, and the mounting operation starts
Four: mount
Create a folder, ready to mount the hard disk
[root@localhost dev]# mkdir /media/haha #创建一个文件夹，准备挂载硬盘
[root@localhost dev]# mount /dev/sdb1 /media/haha/ #挂载
[root@localhost dev]# df #可以看到已经挂载上了
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs 10017944 0 10017944 0% /dev
tmpfs 10029976 0 10029976 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 10029976 12004 10017972 1% /run
tmpfs 10029976 0 10029976 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17811456 1290576 16520880 8% /
/dev/sda1 1038336 153512 884824 15% /boot
tmpfs 2005996 0 2005996 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 5232640 32992 5199648 1% /media/haha #这个就是我们刚才挂载的操作结果
The mount here is only temporarily mounted, and it will be gone after restarting. If you want to mount permanently, you need to add some commands to the /etc/fstab file.
[root@localhost dev]# vi /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Feb 6 18:31:07 2023
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=a44c986d-8e72-4bb9-82ea-49346de95ab7 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /media/haha #挂载点 xfs #格式 defaults #权限 0 0 #不自动备份；不自动校验。加快开机
:wq! Save and exit
[root@localhost dev]# mount -a #扫描配置文件，挂载配置文件上的硬件。fstab文件修改完成后执行该命令进行挂载。
[root@localhost dev]# df
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs 10017944 0 10017944 0% /dev
tmpfs 10029976 0 10029976 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 10029976 11972 10018004 1% /run
tmpfs 10029976 0 10029976 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17811456 1290580 16520876 8% /
/dev/sda1 1038336 153512 884824 15% /boot
tmpfs 2005996 0 2005996 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 5232640 32992 5199648 1% /media/haha
It's over here, restart and check the mount information again, it also shows that it has been mounted
Summarize
Tip: Here is a summary of the article:
Disk partitioning, formatting, and mounting are often encountered in work, and I hope it can help everyone