Table of contents
1, bandwidth
Network bandwidth refers to the amount of data that can be transmitted per unit of time. Physics is similar to highways, the greater the bandwidth, the stronger the transmission rate. Network bandwidth is one of the important indicators to measure network characteristics.
* 1Mb/s=1024*1024b/s=1024kb/s=1024/8kB/s=128KB
2, Throughput
Throughput refers to the network, equipment, port, virtual circuit or other facilities, the number of successfully transmitted data per unit time (measured in bits, subsections, packets, etc.)
#### Bandwidth difference:
1. Now bandwidth generally describes the bandwidth and traffic you purchase from the operator alone.
2. Throughput generally refers to the maximum processing speed of the device.
3. The throughput generally needs to be more than 10 times greater than the bandwidth
. 4. The throughput needs to be calculated in the intranet maximum bandwidth
3. Utilization
CPU utilization:
The utilization rate can be obtained by the total frequency of the cpu and the frequency that has been used
Memory Utilization:
According to the total memory size and the used memory size, the memory utilization rate can be obtained
Interface rate:
According to the size of the throughput and the bandwidth that has been used, the throughput utilization can be obtained
4. Packet loss rate
The packet loss rate (loss tolerance or packet lossrate) refers to the ratio of the number of data packets lost in the test to the sent data group. Calculation method: "[(input message - output message)/input message]*100%"
5. Broadcasting
Broadcast messages are messages/frames sent to all devices in that network segment. The data describing the destination address in the broadcast is all set to 1: it appears in the form of IP address 255.255.255.255 on the third layer of the network, and in the form of MAC address ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff on the second layer of the network Appear. After sending the broadcast, all devices in the same network segment will receive the network message. .
Note: Only switches will forward broadcast messages, routers will not. Broadcasting is used to notify the entire network device of some information. Such as ARP, DHCP, etc., are all transmitted through broadcast packets.
6. Unicast
Unicast is a connection between a client and a server. "Point-to-point" means that each client receives the remote stream from the server. Unicast streams are only sent when a client makes a request.
Unicast is a communication between a single sender and a receiver over a network. It can be used in communication, computer and other fields, and it can also use multicast-unicast hybrid algorithm to solve practical problems.
