Documentation required for the program development process

The documents listed below provide instructions based on typical program development project processes. The specific document content and format can be adjusted and expanded according to the needs of the project and the actual situation of the team.

The documents required for the development process are divided according to the different stages of the development process:

1. Project planning document:

1.1 Project goals and scope

Define the project's goals, scope, and constraints. Define the key elements of the project, such as project vision, target users, desired functionality, etc.

1.2 Project plan

The project plan should be a dynamic document that is updated and adjusted as the project progresses and changes. It should be visual, comprehensible and actionable so that the project team and stakeholders have a clear understanding of the project's timing, task assignment and progress. At the same time, the project plan should also flexibly adapt to changes in order to deal with risks, problems and changes in requirements in the project.

Identify the project's timeline, milestones, and key tasks. Develop project schedule, resource allocation and team organization structure.
A project plan is an important document in the program development process that details the project's timeline, milestones, and key tasks. Here are some detailed descriptions of the project plan:

1. Project Overview:

   • Describe the background, goals, and scope of the project, ensuring that the project team and stakeholders have a common understanding of the project.
   • Determine the importance, value, and benefits of the project to provide context and basis for the project plan.

2. Project goals and deliverables:

   • Define the specific goals and deliverables of the project, and clarify the specific results and value that the project is to achieve.
   • Identify key milestones and phased deliverables for project phases, helping teams and stakeholders track project progress.

3. time plan:

   • Create project timesheets and work plans to identify project start and end dates, phase times, and task scheduling.
   • According to the scope of the project and the availability of resources, reasonably arrange the time of each phase and task of the project to ensure the rationality of the project schedule.

4. Task breakdown and work distribution:

   • Decompose and refine the main tasks of the project to form a task list and work package.
   • Designate the person in charge and execution time for each task, clarify responsibilities and task assignments, and ensure the traceability and timely completion of tasks.

5. Milestones and key nodes:

   • Identify key milestones and important nodes of the project so that the progress of the project can be tracked and evaluated.
   • Set clear completion dates and deliverables for each milestone and milestone to measure project progress and quality.

6. Resource allocation:

   • Determine the human resources, technical resources, hardware and software resources, etc. required for the project.
   • Allocate resources to different tasks and phases to ensure the availability and adequacy of required resources during project execution.

7. Risk Management Plan:

   • Identify the risks and obstacles that the project may face, and formulate corresponding risk management plans.
   • Determine the probability, impact, and countermeasures for risks to mitigate their potential impact on the project.

8. Communication and Reporting Mechanisms:

   • Determine the style and frequency of communication within the project team and between the team and stakeholders.
   • Define the reporting format and content of the project, including project progress, issues, risks, and decisions.

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2. Requirements analysis document stage:

2.1 Requirements specification

A requirements specification should describe the requirements of the software or system in detail, providing a clear and consistent understanding to the development team and stakeholders. Documentation should contain enough detail and specifications so that developers can design, develop, and test software according to the documentation. At the same time, documents should be maintainable and updatable, so that corresponding adjustments and modifications can be made in requirements changes and iterative development.

Define the functional requirements of the software or system, including user requirements, business requirements, and system requirements. Describe the specification, priority, and acceptance criteria for each requirement.

下面是需求规格说明书的一些详细说明：

1. 引言和背景：
   - 描述项目的背景和目标，介绍项目的重要性和价值。
   - 提供项目的范围和约束条件，确保开发团队和利益相关者对项目有一个共同的理解。

2. 需求概述：
   - 总结项目的功能需求，以高层次的方式概述系统的主要特点和目标。
   - 列出主要的用户需求和核心功能，为后续详细需求提供上下文。

3. 功能需求：
   - 定义系统的具体功能需求，描述每个功能的目标和预期结果。
   - 使用详细的用例描述或功能列表的形式，清晰地说明每个功能的输入、输出、行为和约束条件。
   - 确定功能的优先级和重要性，以帮助开发团队合理安排工作。

4. 非功能需求：
   - 描述系统的非功能性需求，例如性能、可用性、安全性和可靠性等方面的要求。
   - 确定系统的性能指标、响应时间、用户并发数、安全标准等具体指标和要求。
   - 定义系统的界面和用户体验要求，包括界面风格、导航结构、响应时间等。

5. 数据需求：
   - 定义系统所需的数据和数据结构，包括数据库表、字段、关系和数据流。
   - 描述数据的格式、有效性验证、存储和访问要求。

6. 约束和假设：
   - 列出系统开发和运行过程中的限制和约束条件，如技术平台、操作系统、浏览器等。
   - 提供系统开发过程中的假设和前提条件，以帮助团队了解系统设计和实现的背景和限制。

7. 验收标准：
   - 确定用于验收软件交付的标准和准则，以衡量软件是否满足了需求。
   - 定义各项功能的验收标准和测试方法，以确保软件在交付时达到预期的质量和性能。

2.2 Use Case Documentation

The goal of a use case document is to clearly describe the functional requirements of the system and the user's interaction with the system. It can help the development team understand user needs, design and implement the functions of the system. Use case documents should describe in detail the steps, conditions and expected results of each use case, so that team members can work according to the documents, and provide a basis for subsequent testing and acceptance.

Describe the various use cases of the system, including use case names, descriptions, preconditions, postconditions, and processes. Use case documents help the development team understand user interactions and system behavior. details as follows

1. 用例标识符和名称：
   - 给每个用例分配一个唯一的标识符，以便于在文档中进行引用和索引。
   - 提供简洁明确的用例名称，以便于理解和辨识不同的用例。

2. 描述：
   - 在用例描述中，提供对用例的简要描述，包括用例的主要目标和功能。
   - 描述用例所涉及的用户角色、系统边界和相关的业务流程。

3. 前置条件：
   - 定义每个用例执行前必须满足的前置条件。这些前置条件描述了在执行用例之前系统或环境的状态和限制。
   - 前置条件可以是其他用例的执行结果，特定数据的准备或用户的身份验证等。

4. 后置条件：
   - 定义每个用例执行后的预期结果和系统状态。这些后置条件描述了在执行用例之后系统应该达到的状态。
   - 后置条件可以是更新数据库、生成报告或发送通知等。

5. 主要流程：
   - 描述用例的主要流程，即用例的正常执行路径。详细说明每个步骤和动作，包括用户与系统的交互和系统的响应。
   - 使用文本、流程图或时序图等方式来清晰地展示用例的流程。

6. 替代流程和异常处理：
   - 描述用例中可能出现的替代流程和异常情况。这些情况可能是用户输入错误、系统错误或外部条件变化等。
   - 为每个替代流程和异常情况提供详细的步骤和系统的响应。

7. 扩展点：
   - 识别用例中的扩展点，即系统可扩展或定制的部分。描述扩展点的触发条件、处理逻辑和预期结果。
   - 扩展点可以为将来的功能增加提供灵活性和可维护性。

3. Design stage:

3.1 System architecture design document

Describe the overall structure of the system and the relationships between components. Including the hierarchical structure of the system, module division and data flow diagram.

The following are some format specifications for the system architecture design document:

1. 引言和背景：
   - 描述项目的背景和目标，介绍系统的重要性和价值。
   - 提供项目的范围和约束条件，确保开发团队和利益相关者对系统有一个共同的理解。

2. 架构概述：
   - 总结系统的整体架构和设计原则，以高层次的方式概述系统的主要组成部分和关键特点。
   - 描述系统的层次结构、组件和它们之间的关系，以及系统与外部系统或服务的集成方式。

3. 系统组件：
   - 详细描述系统的各个组件，包括其功能、责任和接口。
   - 提供每个组件的详细设计说明，包括数据结构、算法、处理逻辑和依赖关系。

4. 数据流和交互：
   - 描述系统内部和外部的数据流和交互方式。包括用户与系统的交互、组件之间的消息传递和数据传输等。
   - 使用流程图、时序图或类图等方式来清晰地展示数据流和交互流程。

5. 技术选择和工具：
   - 讨论所采用的技术框架、编程语言、数据库和其他工具。解释选择这些技术的原因和优劣势。
   - 提供技术决策的依据和参考资料，以便开发团队理解和实施系统架构。

6. 部署和扩展性：
   - 描述系统的部署架构，包括硬件设施、服务器配置和网络拓扑。
   - 讨论系统的可扩展性和性能方面的设计，包括负载均衡、缓存、分布式处理等。

7. 安全和可靠性：
   - 讨论系统的安全策略和措施，包括身份认证、访问控制和数据加密等。
   - 讨论系统的可靠性和容错机制，包括备份和恢复策略、错误处理和故障转移等。

8. 限制和假设：
   - 列出系统开发和运行过程中的限制和约束条件，如技术平台、操作系统、浏览器等。
   - 提供系统开发过程中的假设和前提条件，以帮助团队了解系统设计和实现的背景和限制。

3.2 Database design document

The database design document should provide a comprehensive understanding and detailed description of the system database structure and data model. Documentation should contain enough details and specifications so that developers can design, create and maintain the database according to the document. At the same time, the documentation should be maintainable and updatable, so that corresponding adjustments and modifications can be made during requirements changes and system evolution.

Define the database structure, tables, and fields required by the system. Includes database model diagrams, table structures, and relationships. The following format and detailed instructions:

1. 引言和背景：
   - 描述项目的背景和目标，介绍数据库的重要性和作用。
   - 提供项目的范围和约束条件，确保开发团队和利益相关者对数据库设计有一个共同的理解。

2. 数据库概述：
   - 总结数据库的整体结构和设计原则，以高层次的方式概述数据库的主要组成部分和关键特点。
   - 描述数据库的逻辑结构、表之间的关系以及与系统其他部分的集成方式。

3. 数据表设计：
   - 详细描述每个数据表的结构，包括表名、字段名、数据类型、约束条件和默认值等。
   - 说明每个字段的含义、用途和规范，确保字段命名的一致性和清晰性。
   - 定义主键、外键和索引等关键约束，确保数据的完整性和查询性能。

4. 数据关系和关联：
   - 描述数据表之间的关系和关联方式，包括一对一、一对多和多对多关系。
   - 使用关系图、实体关系图或数据模型图等方式清晰地展示数据之间的关系。

5. 数据字典：
   - 提供全面的数据字典，列出所有数据表和字段的详细定义和描述。
   - 包括每个字段的数据类型、长度、约束条件、说明和示例等信息。

6. 数据访问和存储：
   - 讨论系统对数据库的访问方式和存储策略，包括查询、插入、更新和删除操作的实现。
   - 讨论数据的存储方式和优化措施，包括表空间、分区、数据压缩等。

7. 数据备份和恢复：
   - 讨论数据库的备份和恢复策略，包括完整备份、增量备份和事务日志备份等。
   - 描述数据的恢复过程和方法，以应对系统故障或数据丢失的情况。

8. 安全和权限：
   - 讨论数据库的安全策略和权限管理，包括用户身份认证、访问控制和数据加密等。
   - 描述数据的敏感性和保密性要求，确保数据的安全性和合规性。

3.3 Interface design document

Describes the interfaces and data transfer formats between the different components. Define the parameters, return values, and calling methods of the API interface.

3.4 Interface design document

Define the layout, elements, and interactions of the user interface. Including interface prototype diagram, interface flow and visual design.

4. Coding and implementation phase:

4.1 Source Code Documentation

Add necessary comments and documentation as you write your code. Comments should clearly describe the function of the code, input and output, and other important information.

4.2 API documentation

If an API is provided, write related API documents, including functions, parameters and usage methods. API documentation should clearly describe the purpose of the API, input and output, and calling methods.

5. Testing phase

5.1 Test plan and strategy document

Describe the objectives, methods, resources, and plans for testing. Including test scope, test environment, test tools and division of test personnel.

5.2 Test case documentation

Write detailed test cases, including input data, expected results, and actual results. Each test case should cover different scenarios and functions as much as possible.

5.3 Test result documentation

Document test results and issues during test execution. Include the list of passed use cases, failed use cases and defects to be fixed.

6. Deployment and maintenance phase

6.1 Deployment documentation

Provides software installation and configuration guides. Describe the deployment steps, environmental requirements, and configuration parameters of the software.

6.2 Operation and Maintenance Manual

Includes operating instructions for system maintenance, monitoring, and troubleshooting. Helps system administrators understand how to manage and maintain the system.

6.1 Change log

Document updates and fixes for each release. It is convenient for users to understand the changes and improvements of the software.

7. User Documentation

7.1 User Manual

Detailed instructions for use provided to end users. Including software installation, interface navigation, function operation and frequently asked questions.

7.2 Help Documentation

Contains helpful information for troubleshooting, FAQs, and more. Help users solve problems by themselves.

8. Description of the advantages and disadvantages of the document

To weigh these strengths and weaknesses, teams should rationalize their documentation efforts according to the project's size, needs, and time constraints. In practice, moderate documentation and flexible communication can be employed to strike a balance between maintaining information accuracy and project progress.

Advantage

1. Clear communication: Writing documentation communicates information clearly and accurately, ensuring accurate communication between the development team, stakeholders, and end users. Documentation serves as reference material to avoid misunderstandings and confusion that can result from verbal delivery of information.

2. Knowledge inheritance: Documents record key information and decisions of the project, facilitating knowledge inheritance among team members. New members can quickly understand the background, requirements, and design of the project through documents, speeding up integration into the team and improving work efficiency.

3. Improve maintainability: Good documentation records software design, implementation and maintenance information, which is helpful for subsequent system maintenance and updates. Developers can more easily understand code, identify problems, and make modifications, improving software maintainability.

4. Support quality control: Writing test documents and test cases helps to conduct comprehensive software testing and improve software quality. By writing a standardized test document, you can ensure the coverage and accuracy of the test work, and improve the efficiency of problem discovery and repair.

5. Reduce risk: Documentation can help predict and manage project risk. Through clear requirements documents and design documents, potential problems can be found and solved at an early stage, reducing the risk of project failure.

disadvantage

1. Time and resource consumption: Writing documentation requires an additional investment of time and resources. Writing exhaustive documentation can add to the development cycle of a project, especially with tight schedules where time pressures can arise.

2. Update and maintenance costs: As the project evolves and changes, documentation needs to be updated and maintained. This requires extra effort and resources to ensure that the documentation is consistent with the actual project, which could create problems with inaccurate or outdated information.

3. Lack of real-time: Documents cannot provide real-time feedback and exchange information like verbal communication. Documentation may not be updated in time when requirements change or design adjustments occur, resulting in information lag or inconsistency.

4. May focus too much on documentation and neglect actual development: Sometimes team members may focus too much on writing documentation and neglect actual software development work. Excessive documentation can slow down development progress and efficiency.