Data desensitization is a data protection technology that protects personal privacy by modifying or replacing sensitive data so that the data cannot be identified or associated with personal identity. In Java, data desensitization can be achieved through various technologies. This article will explain in detail the methods and technologies for data desensitization in Java.
1. The concept of data desensitization
Data desensitization is a technology to protect personal privacy. It protects personal privacy by modifying or replacing sensitive data so that the data cannot be identified or associated with personal identity. The purpose of data desensitization is to reduce the risk of data leakage and abuse, and avoid legal and commercial risks caused by personal privacy leakage.
Data desensitization methods can be divided into the following types:
Delete data: directly delete sensitive data, such as deleting ID number, bank card number, etc.
Replace data: replace sensitive data with other data, for example, replace the ID card number with "*".
Encrypted data: Encrypt sensitive data, such as encrypting bank card numbers.
Desensitization algorithm: Use a specific algorithm to desensitize sensitive data, such as using a hash algorithm to desensitize passwords.
Randomize data: Randomize sensitive data, such as randomizing birthdays.
2. How to implement data desensitization in Java
In Java, various technologies can be used to implement data desensitization. The following will introduce several common methods of implementing data desensitization in Java.
String truncation
String truncation is a simple data desensitization method, which replaces some characters of sensitive data with "" or other characters. For example, replace the first 6 digits and the last 4 digits of the ID number with "", which can protect the sensitive information of the ID number.
The following is a code example for Java to implement string interception:
public static String mask(String str, int start, int end, char maskChar) {
if (str == null || str.isEmpty()) {
return str;
}
char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
for (int i = start; i < end && i < chars.length; i++) {
chars[i] = maskChar;
}
return new String(chars);
}
使用方法如下：
String idCard = "110101199001011234";
String maskedIdCard = mask(idCard, 6, 14, '*');
System.out.println(maskedIdCard); // 110101********34
Regular expression replacement
Regular expression replacement is a common data desensitization method, which can replace strings matching regular expressions with specified strings. For example, replace the middle 4 digits of the mobile phone number with "*", which can protect the sensitive information of the mobile phone number.
The following is a code example of Java's implementation of regular expression replacement:
public static String mask(String str, String regex, String replacement) {
if (str == null || str.isEmpty()) {
return str;
}
return str.replaceAll(regex, replacement);
}
The method of use is as follows:
String mobile = "13812345678";
String maskedMobile = mask(mobile, "(?<=\d{3})\d{4}(?=\d{4})", "");
System.out.println(maskedMobile); // 1385678
Encryption algorithm
Encryption algorithm is a common data desensitization method, which can encrypt sensitive data to protect personal privacy. Common encryption algorithms include symmetric encryption algorithms and asymmetric encryption algorithms.
Symmetric encryption algorithms use the same key to encrypt and decrypt data. Common symmetric encryption algorithms include DES, 3DES, and AES.
The following is a code example for implementing a symmetric encryption algorithm in Java:
public static String encrypt(String str, String key) throws Exception {
if (str == null || str.isEmpty()) {
return str;
}
SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key.getBytes(), "AES");
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKeySpec);
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes());
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encrypted);
}
public static String decrypt(String str, String key) throws Exception {
if (str == null || str.isEmpty()) {
return str;
}
SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key.getBytes(), "AES");
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKeySpec);
byte[] decrypted = cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(str));
return new String(decrypted);
}
The method of use is as follows:
String data = "Hello, world!";
String key = "1234567890123456";
String encryptedData = encrypt(data, key);
System.out.println(encryptedData); // r/3nF9z49Q8y+R5J5L5b5w==
String decryptedData = decrypt(encryptedData, key);
System.out.println(decryptedData); // Hello, world!
The asymmetric encryption algorithm uses the public key to encrypt the data and uses the private key to decrypt the data. Common asymmetric encryption algorithms include RSA, DSA, etc.
The following is a code example for implementing an asymmetric encryption algorithm in Java:
public static KeyPair generateKeyPair() throws Exception {
KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
keyPairGenerator.initialize(2048);
return keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
}
public static String encrypt(String str, PublicKey publicKey) throws Exception {
if (str == null || str.isEmpty()) {
return str;
}
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes());
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encrypted);
}
public static String decrypt(String str, PrivateKey privateKey) throws Exception {
if (str == null || str.isEmpty()) {
return str;
}
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
byte[] decrypted = cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(str));
return new String(decrypted);
}
The method of use is as follows:
String data = "Hello, world!";
KeyPair keyPair = generateKeyPair();
String encryptedData = encrypt(data, keyPair.getPublic());
System.out.println(encryptedData); // Oa0w6DZi2fTlTzB7vX9W0y8sV...
String decryptedData = decrypt(encryptedData, keyPair.getPrivate());
System.out.println(decryptedData); // Hello, world!
Desensitization Algorithm
The desensitization algorithm is a special data desensitization method, which can desensitize sensitive data so that the sensitive data cannot be restored. Common desensitization algorithms include hash algorithm, MD5 algorithm, SHA algorithm, etc.
The hash algorithm maps data of any length into data of fixed length. Common hash algorithms include MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, etc.
The following is a code example of a Java implementation of a hash algorithm:
public static String hash(String str, String algorithm) throws Exception {
if (str == null || str.isEmpty()) {
return str;
}
MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance(algorithm);
byte[] hash = messageDigest.digest(str.getBytes());
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
for (byte b : hash) {
stringBuilder.append(String.format("%02x", b));
}
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
The method of use is as follows:
String data = "Hello, world!";
String hashData = hash(data, "SHA-256");
System.out.println(hashData); // 7f83b1657ff1fc53b92dc18148a1d65dfc2d...
String hashData2 = hash(data, "SHA-256");
System.out.println(hashData2); // 7f83b1657ff1fc53b92dc18148a1d65dfc2d...
The MD5 algorithm is a common hash algorithm, but it has been proven to be insecure and is not recommended.
The SHA algorithm is a more secure hash algorithm. Common SHA algorithms include SHA-1, SHA-256, and SHA-512.
Randomization algorithm
Randomization algorithm is a special data desensitization method, which can randomize sensitive data, so that sensitive data cannot be associated with personal identity. Common randomization algorithms include birthday randomization and address randomization.
The following is a code example for randomizing birthdays in Java:
public static String randomizeBirthday(String birthday) {
if (birthday == null || birthday.isEmpty()) {
return birthday;
}
LocalDate date = LocalDate.parse(birthday, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd"));
int year = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(date.getYear() - 100, date.getYear() + 1);
int month = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(1, 13);
int day = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(1, date.getMonth().maxLength() + 1);
return String.format("%04d-%02d-%02d", year, month, day);
}
The method of use is as follows:
String birthday = "1990-01-01";
String randomBirthday = randomizeBirthday(birthday);
System.out.println(randomBirthday); // 1973-11-23
3. Application Scenarios of Data Desensitization
Data desensitization is widely used in various fields. The following are some common application scenarios of data desensitization:
Data backup and recovery
In the process of data backup and recovery, in order to protect the privacy of sensitive data, sensitive data should be desensitized. For example, in the process of database backup and recovery, sensitive data such as user passwords, ID numbers, and bank card numbers can be desensitized to protect user privacy.
Data sharing and exchange
In the process of data sharing and exchange, in order to protect personal privacy, sensitive data should be desensitized. For example, in the process of medical data sharing and exchange, sensitive data such as patient names, ID numbers, and medical record numbers can be desensitized to protect patients' privacy.
Data analysis and mining
In the process of data analysis and mining, in order to protect personal privacy, sensitive data should be desensitized. For example, in the process of social network analysis and mining, sensitive data such as the user's name, birthday, and geographic location can be desensitized to protect the user's privacy.
Data presentation and reporting
In the process of data presentation and reporting, in order to protect personal privacy, sensitive data should be desensitized. For example, in the process of website statistics and reporting, sensitive data such as users' IP addresses and browser types can be desensitized to protect users' privacy.
4. Precautions for data desensitization
During the data desensitization process, you need to pay attention to the following points:
Desensitization Algorithm Selection
Different desensitization algorithms are suitable for different data types and application scenarios, and the appropriate desensitization algorithm needs to be selected according to the specific situation. For example, hashing algorithms are suitable for situations where sensitive data does not need to be restored, and encryption algorithms are suitable for situations where restoration is required.
Desensitization granularity control
Desensitization granularity refers to the degree of data desensitization, which needs to be controlled according to the specific situation. If the desensitization granularity is too large, the data analysis and mining results may be affected; if the desensitization granularity is too small, sensitive data may be leaked.
Validation of desensitization results
The desensitization results need to be verified to ensure that the data after desensitization is still available and accurate. For example, for a desensitized bank card number, it is necessary to verify whether the verification digit of the card number is correct.
Masked data protection
Masked data still needs to be protected to prevent data leakage and misuse. For example, encrypted storage and transmission of desensitized data is required to prevent unauthorized access and use.
V. Summary
Data desensitization is a technology to protect personal privacy. It protects personal privacy by modifying or replacing sensitive data so that the data cannot be identified or associated with personal identity. In Java, various techniques can be used to achieve data desensitization, such as string interception, regular expression replacement, encryption algorithm, desensitization algorithm and randomization algorithm, etc. During the data desensitization process, attention needs to be paid to selecting the appropriate desensitization algorithm, controlling the desensitization granularity, verifying the desensitization result, and protecting the desensitized data.