introduction

TypeScript is a statically typed superset of JavaScript that adds type annotations and other features to JavaScript, making it easier and faster for developers to build maintainable applications. Using TypeScript can reduce the chance of errors and improve the readability and maintainability of the code, but to engineer TypeScript, you need to consider the choice of code organization and construction tools.

code organization

Good code organization is one of the keys to TypeScript engineering. A good code organization structure can make the code easier to maintain and extend. TypeScript applications can adopt different code organization structures, such as object-oriented, functional, modular, etc.

Object-Oriented Code Organization

Object-oriented programming is a widely used programming paradigm that organizes code into hierarchies of classes and objects. In TypeScript, object-oriented code organization can be achieved through concepts such as classes, interfaces, and abstract classes.

class Person {
    
    
    name: string;
    age: number;
    constructor(name: string, age: number) {
    
    
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    sayHello() {
    
    
        console.log(`Hello, my name is ${
      
      this.name}.`);
    }
}

let person = new Person("John", 30);
person.sayHello();

Functional Code Organization Structure

Functional programming is another popular programming paradigm that organizes code into functions. In TypeScript, functional code organization structures can be implemented through concepts such as function types, higher-order functions, and pure functions.

type FilterFunc = (arr: number[], func: (x: number) => boolean) => number[];

const filter: FilterFunc = (arr, func) => arr.filter(func);
const isEven = (x: number) => x % 2 === 0;
const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const filteredNumbers = filter(numbers, isEven); console.log(filteredNumbers); // [2, 4]

Modular code organization structure

Code organization is an extremely important aspect to efficiently manage and maintain modules and functions in a project. Modularization is a way of dividing code into composable and reusable parts. TypeScript supports defining and using modules through the export and import keywords.

// person.ts
export class Person {
    
    
    name: string;
    age: number;
    constructor(name: string, age: number) {
    
    
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    sayHello() {
    
    
        console.log(`Hello, my name is ${
      
      this.name}.`);
    }
}

// script.ts
import {
    
     Person } from './person';

let person = new Person("John", 30);
person.sayHello();

Choice of build tools

In addition to a good code organization structure, build tools are also one of the keys to TypeScript engineering. Build tools help developers automate build tasks such as compiling TypeScript code, minifying JavaScript files, packaging applications, and more.
Here are some popular TypeScript build tools:

Webpack

Webpack is a powerful packaging tool that can package multiple source code files into one or more output files. Webpack also supports various plugins and loaders to optimize and extend the bundling process.

// webpack.config.js
const path = require('path');

module.exports = {
    
    
    entry: './src/index.ts',
    output: {
    
    
        path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
        filename: 'bundle.js'
    },
    module: {
    
    
        rules: [
            {
    
    
                test: /\.tsx?$/,
                use: 'ts-loader',
                exclude: /node_modules/
            }
        ]
    },
    resolve: {
    
    
        extensions: ['.tsx', '.ts', '.js']
    }
};

Parcel

Parcel is a fast, zero-configuration packaging tool. It can automatically recognize and process various file types such as TypeScript, CSS, HTML, etc. without any configuration.

// index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Parcel Example</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <script src="./src/index.ts"></script>
    </body>
</html>

Rollup

Rollup is a tool specially used for packaging JavaScript libraries. It can package source code files into one or more output files, and supports various module specifications, such as CommonJS, AMD, ES6, etc.

// rollup.config.js
export default {
    
    
    input: 'src/index.ts',
    output: {
    
    
        file: 'dist/bundle.js',
        format: 'cjs'
    },
    plugins: [
        typescript()
    ]
};

Summarize

In this article, we explored two important aspects of TypeScript engineering: code organization and build tools. We introduce different code organization structures, such as object-oriented, functional, and modular, and provide some sample code. We also cover some popular TypeScript build tools, such as Webpack, Parcel, and Rollup, and provide some example configuration files. It is important to choose the right code organization structure and build tools for your application, which can improve code readability and maintainability, speed up development efficiency, and provide faster and more reliable applications on end-user devices program.

TypeScript Engineering: Code Organization and Selection of Build Tools

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