mouse
This article is about computer hardware. See " Indicator (User Interface) " for the indicator or cursor it controls .
The mouse (English: ) is a fixed-point input device used by a computer , which can position the cursor on the screen , and operate the screen elements at the position where the cursor passes through the button and the wheel device. The originator of the mouse appeared in 1968. American scientist Douglas Engelbart made the first mouse in California .
| Aliases commonly used in various places for "mouse" | |
|---|---|
 A mouse has the most common basic configuration: two buttons and a scroll wheel. |
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| Chinese mainland | |
| Hong Kong and Taiwan | |
| Ma Xin | |
Development History
The first mouse was invented by Douglas Engelbart.
- In 1967, the prototype of the mouse was born.
- On December 9, 1968, the world's first mouse was born at Stanford University in the United States . Its inventor was Dr. Douglas Engelbart. The design purpose of this mouse is to use the mouse to replace the cumbersome instructions of the keyboard , so as to make the operation of the computer easier. The shape of this mouse is a small wooden box. Its working principle is that the small ball at the bottom drives the pivot to rotate, and then drives the rheostat to change the resistance value to generate a displacement signal, and transmit the signal to the host.
- In 1973, the Xerox Alto , the first computer with a mouse, was released [1] .
- In the early 1980s, the first generation of optical mice appeared, which had higher precision than mechanical mice. But it has to work on a special optical mouse pad printed with tiny grids. The high cost of this mouse limits its scope of use.
- In 1981, the first commercial mouse was born.
- In 1983, Logitech invented the first optomechanical mouse, which is what we call a mechanical mouse today. This mouse structure became the de facto industry standard .
- In 1999, Agilent (later reorganized into Avago, Avago) released the IntelliEye optical engine, and then an optical mouse that did not require a special mouse pad appeared on the market, and the popularity of optical mice began.
- In 2003, Logitech and Microsoft respectively launched a Bluetooth mouse using Bluetooth as the communication protocol.
- In 2005, Logitech and Avago launched the first laser mouse (wireless, rechargeable, Logitech MX1000).
- In 2006, the first wired laser mouse to overcome the glass barrier was released (DEXIN, ML45).
- In 2006, the Bluetooth laser mouse came out (Acrox).
- In 2008, Microsoft launched the Blue Mouse with Blue Track technology, which is compatible with almost all interfaces (Microsoft SideWinder X8).
- In 2009, Logitech launched DarkField laser tracking technology. This technology basically still uses laser identification, combined with the "Darkfield" microscope technology used in the laboratory, so that the mouse can also see small defects, dust, particles and other tiny substances in transparent materials, and borrow This provides identifying location information. (Logitech M905, M950) [2]
- In 2009, Apple launched the Magic Mouse , which adopted the multi-touch technology inherited from the iPhone , iPod Touch, and MacBook , and removed all the mouse buttons and scroll wheels. Only a whole multi-touch touchpad can provide It is equivalent to the left and right buttons of a normal mouse, as well as the 360-degree scroll wheel, and can operate more gesture functions with two fingers. [3]
technology
Optical mechanical mouse working principle
1: Move the mouse to drive the ball.
2: The X-direction and Y-direction rotation rods transmit the mouse movement.
3: Optical dial of the rotary encoder .
4: The infrared rays emitted by the transistor can pass through the small hole of the dial.
5: The optical sensor receives infrared rays and converts them into plane moving speed.
The optical sensor sensitivity of the mouse is measured by DPI ( D ots P er I nch, dots per inch) or CPI ( Counts P er I nch, the number of measurements per inch), and the measurement frequency is measured by FPS ( F lashes Per Second , each refreshes per second) metric.
Classification
The classification based on motion sensing technology is as follows:
- mechanical mouse
- Early optical mouse (requires mouse pad with specific stripes)
- Optical-mechanical mouse (there is a rolling ball in the mouse, which is rare nowadays)
- Optical mouse (Modern mainstream, no specific striped mouse pad required)
- laser mouse
- blue mouse
- blue shadow mouse
number of keys
The mouse of the Apple computer has only one button, and the mouse on the far left is the mouse equipped with the Macintosh computer in 1984
- Single-button mouse: a single button, which Apple has used since the early Mac system, has only added touch to replace multiple buttons. different.
- Double-button mouse: Double-button, which was widely used on PCs in the early years, has rarely appeared now; some early Mac systems are currently used.
- Three-button mouse: the left and right buttons plus the middle button, which were widely used on PCs in the early years, are rarely seen now.
- Three-button scroll wheel mouse: left and right keys plus a scroll wheel for down scrolling, including a later scroll wheel integrated with the middle button function, the mainstream mouse after the appearance of Windows 95 .
- Five-button wheel mouse: The fourth and fifth buttons are added—the main function is to scroll in the left/right direction, and it is mostly used in productivity occupations. The Windows operating system calls them XBUTTON1 and XBUTTON2. [4]
- Multi-button wheel mouse: a mouse with more than five buttons, designed for certain functions, game competitions or environments, and can be edited with a driver.
wired mouse
wireless mouse
- infrared
- 27MHz radio frequency (radio frequency)
- 40/49MHz radio frequency (radio frequency)
- 315/433MHz RF (Radio Frequency)
- 2.4GHz radio frequency (radio frequency)
old bluetooth mouse
Functional distinction
- Standard Mouse (Standard Mouse): general standard 3/5 button scroll wheel mouse.
- Office Mouse: A mouse with Office/Web-related functions or shortcut keys added to the software and hardware.
- Presentation Mouse: A special-purpose mouse developed to enhance presentation functions, such as laser point pointers , slide page turning, and other functions.
- Gaming Mouse: It is specially designed for gamers. It can withstand strong operations, has a large resolution range, and is designed for special game needs. There is also a counterweight placed in it.
Texture and Operability
The accuracy of the cursor when operating the mouse also depends on the relationship between the sensor (scroll wheel or optical sensor) and the grip part, and it is usually better for the sensor to be behind the grip part. A poorly designed mouse cannot guide the user to use the mouse in a more comfortable way, or the pointer is not accurate enough to make a wrong click. There is often a layer of baking paint or other substances on the surface of the mouse, mostly for aesthetics, and sometimes for anti-slip. These substances on the surface of the mouse are easy to come off due to frequent friction when operating the mouse; therefore, the mouse is beautiful at first, but when it comes off, it is very ugly. In terms of buttons, some mice make a loud clicking sound, and the buttons are hard and hard to press; some mice make a quieter sound, and the buttons are softer. The scroll wheel is similar to the button, and the loose scroll wheel will feel insensitive when scrolling. In addition, some mice have metal blocks added to increase the weight of the mouse, in order to mimic the mechanical mice that are being phased out. But this will add to the burden that could have been subtracted. Mouse buttons usually use the same components, but the frequency of use of each button can vary greatly, with the result that the entire mouse is often replaced because a single button is broken (usually the left mouse button or the scroll wheel) . The operability of the mouse is mostly related to the user's usage habits. The use of the mouse itself requires a certain degree of adaptation; the appearance and texture also depend on the user's preference.
A flat, smooth, and uncluttered work surface is best for mouse operation, such as the ones described below that support mechanical mouse operation:
- smooth wooden surface
- glass surface
- enamel surface
- Surface of plastic products
- cardboard
- Surface of metal products
Some pollutants such as dust, paraffin, debris, etc. will be attached to the rough surface, which will affect the positioning of the ball inside the mechanical mouse on the plane, such as water droplets or other pollutants on the desktop, dust, etc. A deep groove can cause some odd behavior with the mouse.
Main brand
- DragonWar
- Logitech
- Microsoft
- Razer
- Gigabyte Technology
- Thermaltake Technology
- apple inc
- Saitek
- Cherry
- SteelSeries
- Kunying (Genius, has acquired Mouse Systems Corporation, one of the pioneers of the mouse)
- Xingui Industrial
- Shuangfeiyan
- JASCHY
- Rapoo Technology
- hp
- Dell