How to use Python object-oriented programming is the best (two small cases tell you the advantages)

foreword

Hello everyone, I am Brother Latiao~

When it comes to the Python programming language,Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)is an important concept.

OOP is a programming paradigm that organizes programs as collections of objects, each with its own properties and methods. By using OOP, we can better organize and manage code, and improve code reusability and maintainability. In this article, we'll introduce object-oriented programming in Python and illustrate it with a practical case.

Case 1: Library Management System

Suppose we are developing alibrary management system, we need to design a Book class to represent books. Each book has its ownAttributes such as title, author, and publication date, as well as methods such as borrowing books and returning books.

Here is simple sample code:

class Book:
    def __init__(self, title, author, publication_date):
        self.title = title
        self.author = author
        self.publication_date = publication_date
        self.is_borrowed = False

    def borrow_book(self):
        if self.is_borrowed:
            print("This book is already borrowed.")
        else:
            self.is_borrowed = True
            print("Book borrowed successfully.")

    def return_book(self):
        if not self.is_borrowed:
            print("This book is not borrowed.")
        else:
            self.is_borrowed = False
            print("Book returned successfully.")

# 创建一个Book对象
book1 = Book("Python编程入门", "John Smith", "2020-01-01")

# 借阅图书
book1.borrow_book()

# 再次尝试借阅图书
book1.borrow_book()

# 归还图书
book1.return_book()

In the above code, we defined aBook class, which has aConstructor __init__Properties used to initialize the book.borrow_bookThe method is used to borrow books, if the book has been borrowed, it will output the corresponding prompt information;return_bookThe method is used to return the book, if the book has not been borrowed, it will output the corresponding prompt information.

we created aBook object book1, and called theborrow_bookmethod to borrow books. Since the book was not borrowed at the beginning, the borrowing was successful and then we called againborrow_book method, since the book has been borrowed, the corresponding prompt information is output. Finally, we callreturn_book methodto return the books.
In addition to the library case, we can also give a car manufacturing case to illustrate the concept and usage of Python object-oriented.

Case 2: Automobile Manufacturing System

Suppose we want to design a car manufacturing system, which includes functions such as car manufacturing, sales and maintenance. We can implement this system in an object-oriented way using Python.

First, we can create a file namedCar class, used to represent the car'sAttributesandBehavior. In this class, we can define someAttributes such as make, model, color, etc., and define some methods likeStart, accelerate, brake, etc.。

The following is the case process display

class Car:
    def __init__(self, brand, model, color):
        self.brand = brand
        self.model = model
        self.color = color
        self.speed = 0

    def start(self):
        print(f"The {
      
      self.color} {
      
      self.brand} {
      
      self.model} starts.")

    def accelerate(self, speed):
        self.speed += speed
        print(f"The {
      
      self.color} {
      
      self.brand} {
      
      self.model} accelerates to {
      
      self.speed} km/h.")

    def brake(self):
        self.speed = 0
        print(f"The {
      
      self.color} {
      
      self.brand} {
      
      self.model} stops.")

Next, we can create a file namedCarFactoryA class that represents a car factory. In this class, we can define a method for making a car.

class CarFactory:
    def __init__(self):
        self.cars = []

    def manufacture_car(self, brand, model, color):
        car = Car(brand, model, color)
        self.cars.append(car)
        print(f"A {
      
      color} {
      
      brand} {
      
      model} is manufactured.")

    def get_all_cars(self):
        return self.cars

Finally, we can create a file namedClass of CarSales, used to represent a car dealer. In this class, we can define a method for selling cars.

class CarSales:
    def __init__(self, car_factory):
        self.car_factory = car_factory
        self.sold_cars = []

    def sell_car(self, brand, model, color):
        cars = self.car_factory.get_all

Summarize

Through these two simple cases, we can see the advantages of object-oriented programming. By encapsulating related properties and methods in a class, we can better organize and manage our code. In addition, we can create multiple objects to represent different books, and each object has its own properties and methods, which realizes the reusability of the code.

Object-oriented programming is one of the important concepts in Python programming. By using classes and objects, we can better organize and manage code, and improve code reusability and maintainability. I hope this article can help you better understand and apply object-oriented programming.