Zoology Course Internship Report
1. The purpose and requirements of the internship;
1. Through practice, master the collection method of specimens in the intertidal zone 2. Learn to soak and process the collected specimens
3. Apply the learned knowledge to practice better, classify the collected specimens, apply what you have learned, and enhance your understanding of textbook knowledge
4. Learn about the common species in Zhanjiang intertidal zone.
2. Internship time and place: From May 7th to May 20th, Leizhou Rare Aquatic Animal Provincial Nature Reserve, Nansan Island and Xinghailou Laboratory 3. Internship content
1. Introduction to the marine environment: mainly explain the environmental conditions of the intertidal zone, the distribution characteristics of animals, the main economic groups in the coastal intertidal zone of Zhanjiang, and their breeding status. Understand the general laws of tidal activity. 2. Introduction of practice methods and preparation methods of fixed medicines.
3. Collection and processing methods of different animals in the intertidal zone, observing the ecological environment and morphological characteristics of the animals. Students are required to collect at least 7-8 animal species.
4. The specific processing skills and classification of specimens. 4. Practice tools and medicines
Collection tools: large and small buckets, large plastic bottles, flower shovels, hoes, and fishing nets; specimen preparation equipment: beakers, glass cylinders, measuring cylinders, tweezers; drugs: formaldehyde.
Soaking method: Formaldehyde is prepared into 10% formalin, which is used to soak the collected specimens. 5. Animal classification:
(1) Polypores
1. Japanese Rocky Sponge
Collection location: intertidal zone
Morphological characteristics and introduction: The group is irregular mountain-shaped, so it is also called mountain-shaped sponge. The body is soft and elastic, the surface is rough, orange-red or orange-yellow. There are many tubular protrusions on the body surface, about 10mm in height, and many inconspicuous small water inlet holes, and the body wall is in the shape of spicules. It is mostly distributed near the low tide line of the rocky coast, looking under the seaweed or on the shady side of the rock, and often forms a group together. Identification: Sponges vulgaris, Uniaxial sponge order, Spongaceae
(2) Coelenterates
2. Sea gills
Collection location: shallow sea area and intertidal zone
Morphological characteristics and introduction: The lower part of the central stem is a stalk, which fixes the group in the sand. The upper quill has polyps, or branches and bears several polyps. The central stem is the primary polyp, the mouth and tentacles have degenerated, and only a fleshy stem remains, and the center of the stem is reinforced by horny rods. The branches of the stem are secondary polyps. Colonies range in number from a few to 35,000 polyps. It is distributed from the poles to the tropical deep and shallow seas.
Identification: Coralia Seabranches
3. Strawberry Anemone
Collection location: shallow sea area and intertidal zone
Morphological characteristics and introduction: red, mainly attached to intertidal rocks, with stinging cells, which will shrink when stimulated. It rolls up into a hemispherical shape during the day and opens up when the light dims. Identification: Hexacoral subclass Sea Anemones
4. Chrysanthemum coral
Collection location: Shallow sea area
Morphological characteristics and introduction: The colony is round and block-shaped, the coral body is hemispherical, the surface is smooth and neat, there are no mounds, and the edges are slightly polygonal. The skeletons of polyps are closely connected with each other, and the central column is small and dense. The living habit requires warm, generally 22~30 degrees, shallow water environment.
Identification: Hexacoral subclass Stony corals
5. Gorgonian coral
Collection location: Coastal intertidal zone
Morphological characteristics and brief introduction: It is a dendritic group with a calcareous or horny central shaft inside and scattered bone fragments outside. Lives on reefs or rocks.
Identification: Hexacoral subclass Stony corals
(3) Astrozoa
6. Checkered Starworm
Collection location: on the beach
Morphological characteristics and brief introduction: Body cylindrical, up to 300mm long, milky white or slightly reddish. The snout is slender with many warty-footed protrusions, the top of the snout is the mouth, and surrounds a ring of wrinkled tentacles, which look like stars when stretched. The body surface is smooth, with many vertical and horizontal stripes, forming a regular grid. Buried in sandy beaches at low tide. When the tide is high, the kiss sticks out of the sand surface, and when the tide ebbs, it is completely retracted into the sand. Identification: Astrognathidae
(4) Mollusca phylum 7, Awenshoubei
Collection location: On the beach in the shallow sea area
Morphological characteristics and brief introduction: The shell is nearly oval. The surface of the shell is smooth, the bottom is light brown, and the side surface is densely covered with brown fine lines. Some specimens have a light brown longitudinal line as the mantle mark. The teeth of the shell mouth are dark brown. The back is swollen and round, the margins on both sides are thick, and the base is narrow or expanded (thickness and expansion vary). The surface of the shell is light brown or taupe, with uneven, star-like ring patterns on it, and irregular tan, longitudinal and intermittent dotted lines, resembling Arabic. There are purple-brown spots on both sides of the front and rear ends of the shell, and the two sides are gray-brown, with uneven purple-brown spots on it, and some spots extend to the base. There are 27-33 teeth on the axial lip, the middle teeth are longer and dense, and the two ends are sparse; the outer lip has 26--35 teeth, which are sparse and strong. The inside of the shell is light colored.
Identification: Gastropoda Snailidae
8. Chinese scorpion (worm relative)
Collection location: near the reef in shallow sea area
Morphological characteristics and brief introduction: shell is li-shaped or oval, with perforation, notch or crack on top or front edge of shell; shell surface often has protruding radial ribs and thin concentric growth chakras, shell mouth is wide, without horns. Widely distributed in all sea areas of the world, they inhabit from intertidal zone to shallow sea sand, gravel, rock or coral reef seabed, and some species live in water depths of hundreds of meters or more. Feeds on algae. Identification: Gastropoda Keyhole [Insecta]idae
9. Shi's dorsal mussel
Collection location: On the beach in the shallow sea area
Morphological characteristics and brief introduction: The shell shape is similar to that of Lipetaceae, it is bamboo hat-shaped or low conical, the surface is smooth or has radial ribs, and the top of the shell is located on the
Center near front. With a peltate gill, annular mantle with or without gills. The luster of the pearl in the shell is weak or absent, and the scars are usually horseshoe-shaped. Inhabits on rocks or gravel in the intertidal zone, camps and lives, and feeds on seaweed. It is distributed along the southern coast of my country. Identification: Gastropoda Libetidae
10. Variegated abalone
Collection location: the beach in the shallow sea area
Morphological characteristics and brief introduction: The shell is ear-shaped, oval or flat oval, with few spirals and extremely large body whorl. There is a row of small holes on the left side of the shell. There are several openings on the front edge, and the rest are closed. Both the anus and gills are located in this position, and the openings are used for breathing and excretion. The mouth of the shell is very large, and the inside is full of pearly luster, without hysteresis. Most are temperate and tropical species, mainly inhabiting shallow seas, where the tide is smooth and there are algae clusters; they use their well-developed feet to adsorb on rocks and feed on algae. The muscles of the foot are extremely developed, and the nutritional value is high, so it is a famous and precious seafood. Shells are called "Shicai Ming", which are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and can also be used as shell carving crafts. Variegated abalone (nine-hole abalone) is an important economic shellfish in the southeastern coast of my country. Identification: Gastropoda Protogastropa Abaceae
11. Horseshoe snail
Collection location: the beach in the shallow sea area
Morphological characteristics and introduction: Shells are mostly conical or snail-shaped, and some are ear-shaped. The shell surface is often carved with particles, nodules or spines. The bottom of the shell is relatively flat, with many concentric ribs. The shell mouth is square or horseshoe-shaped, and the umbilicus is large and deep, or there is no umbilicus. The nacre in the shell is thick, horny, round and multi-rotary. There are many types, all of which are seafood. It mostly inhabits rocky, sandy or silty bottoms in the intertidal zone to shallow seas. Feeds on algae. Large shells can be used as buttons or shell carving crafts; some shells can be used for medicine, and the traditional Chinese medicine name is "Haicassia". It is distributed along the north and south coasts.
Identification: Gastropoda Snail family
12. Corolla small moon snail
Collection location: the beach in the shallow sea area
Morphological characteristics and introduction: The shell is spherical, thick and firm, with about 4 to 5 spiral layers. The shell height is 24.6mm, and the shell width is 28.2mm. The spiral layer is about 5 layers. Spiral ribs are formed by connecting small particles. The spiral ribs below the sutures are nodules. The spiral part is low. The spiral ribs in the middle of each layer are more developed, dividing the spiral layer into upper and lower parts. Body whorl has 5 equally spaced rough ribs. There are about lo tumor-like nodules near the suture line. The shell is yellowish brown with purple spots, the shell mouth is round, the outer lip is simple, and the inner lip expands inwardly, forming a thick callus at the base, and the umbilical foramen is generally obvious. Wenchang, Qionghai, Wanning, Sanya, and Lingao coasts of Hainan Island, found in Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang coasts, and also distributed in Japan. Meat is available. Living among the rocks in the intertidal zone, after low tide, it is easy to be collected along the coast.
Identification: Gastropoda Salamanderidae
13. Beautiful necklace snail
Collection location: the beach in the shallow sea area
Morphological characteristics and brief introduction: The shell is low and nearly spherical. Grooved sutures. ．Shell height 13. Omm, shell width 17,4mm. The spiral layer is about 7 layers. The top of the shell is low, and the body whorl is slightly larger. The shell surface is densely covered with spiral ribs, and many small semicircular nodules are slightly seen on the ribs. The surface of the shell is light yellowish brown, with purple-brown flame patterns and spots. The bottom is darker and the veins are thinner. The shell has pearl luster, the outer lip is simple, the inner lip is short and thick, in the shape of an "S", with a nodular tooth at the front end, and the umbilical foramen is large and deep. Identification: Gastropoda Salamanderidae
14. Luminous salamander
Collection location: the beach in the shallow sea area
Morphological characteristics and brief introduction: large individual, the shell height is about 176 mm, and the width is 171 mm. The shell is hard and thick, the periphery is nearly round, and the spiral layer is about 6 1/2 layers. The helix is not high, the body whorl is extremely inflated, and the suture is shallow. The growth pattern is fine and dense, sometimes with folds, the surface of the shell is dark green, with brown and white ring patterns, and the top is often dyed with emerald green markings. The mouth of the shell is large, nearly round, and the inner surface is silvery white, with