[Docker] Summary of common commands of Docker

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In the development process, docker-related operations are often involved. This article summarizes commonly used instructions.

1. Help command

docker version    # 显示docker版本信息
docker info       # 显示docker系统信息，包括镜像和容器数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助信息

Help document:

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/

2. Mirroring command

Help documentation: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/image/

docker images View all images on the local host

[root@jiangwang /]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED      SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   3 days ago   13.3kB

# 解释
REPOSITORY   镜像的仓库源
TAG          镜像的标签
IMAGE ID     镜像的id
CREATED      镜像的创建时间
SIZE         镜像的大小

# 可选项
  -a, --all             # 列出所有的镜像
  -q, --quiet           # 只显示id
  
[root@jiangwang /]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED      SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   3 days ago   13.3kB
[root@jiangwang /]# docker images -q
d1165f221234
[root@jiangwang /]# docker images -aq
d1165f221234
[root@jiangwang /]# 

docker search search image

[root@jiangwang /]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10589     [OK]       
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   3963      [OK]  

# 可选项，通过镜像来过滤
  -f, --filter=STARS=3000   # 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的 

[root@jiangwang /]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10589     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   3963      [OK]       
[root@jiangwang /]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10589     [OK]       
[root@jiangwang /]# 

docker pull download image

docker pull image_name

# 下载一个mysql的镜像，默认下载最新的镜像
[root@jiangwang /]# docker pull mysql

# 下载指定版本的镜像
[root@jiangwang /]# docker pull mysql:5.7

# 查看一下下载的所有镜像
[root@jiangwang /]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   3 days ago    13.3kB
mysql         5.7       a70d36bc331a   7 weeks ago   449MB
mysql         latest    c8562eaf9d81   7 weeks ago   546MB

delete mirror

# 根据id删除镜像 docker rmi -f a70d36bc331a
[root@jiangwang /]# docker rmi -f a70d36bc331a
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:b3d1eff023f698cd433695c9506171f0d08a8f92a0c8063c1a4d9db9a55808df
Deleted: sha256:a70d36bc331a13d297f882d3d63137d24b804f29fa67158c40ad91d5050c39c5
Deleted: sha256:50c77bf7bcddd1f1d97789d80ac2404eec22c860c104e858620d2a2e321f0ef7
Deleted: sha256:14244329b83dfc8982398ee4104a548385652d2bffb957798ff86a419013efd6
Deleted: sha256:6d990477f90af28473eb601a9bca22253f6381e053c5a8edda0a4f027e124a3c
Deleted: sha256:ee0449796df204071589162fc16f8d65586312a40c68d1ba156c93c56f5e5ce8
[root@jiangwang /]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   3 days ago    13.3kB
mysql         latest    c8562eaf9d81   7 weeks ago   546MB
[root@jiangwang /]# 

## 删除所有镜像
[root@jiangwang /]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
[root@jiangwang /]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE
[root@jiangwang /]# 

# 删除多个镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id

3. Container command

Note: Only with a mirror can you create a container, Linux, download a centos mirror

[root@jiangwang /]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
7a0437f04f83: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest
[root@jiangwang /]# 

Create a new container and start it

docker run [可选参数] image

# 参数说明
--name="Name"    容器名字  tomcat01  tomcat02,用来区分容器
-d               后台方式运行
-it              使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p               指定容器端口  -p 8080:8080

	-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
	-p 主机端口:容器端口  （常用）
	-p 容器端口
	容器端口
	
-P               随机指定端口

# 测试,启动并进入容器
[root@jiangwang /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@685c34c813d5 /]# ls   # 查看容器内的centos
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

# 从容器中退回主机
[root@685c34c813d5 /]# exit
exit
[root@jiangwang /]# ls
bin   dev  home        lib    lost+found  mnt  patch  root  sbin  sys  usr  www
boot  etc  install.sh  lib64  media       opt  proc   run   srv   tmp  var

See which containers are currently running

# docker ps 显示正常运行的容器
-a   # 显示当前正在运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q   # 只显示容器的编号
[root@jiangwang /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@jiangwang /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
685c34c813d5   centos         "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             pensive_shaw
db8909cfa9cc   d1165f221234   "/hello"      4 hours ago     Exited (0) 4 hours ago                    adoring_shockley
[root@jiangwang /]# docker ps -n=1
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
685c34c813d5   centos    "/bin/bash"   7 minutes ago   Exited (0) 5 minutes ago             pensive_shaw
[root@jiangwang /]# docker ps -aq
685c34c813d5
db8909cfa9cc
[root@jiangwang /]# 

exit container

exit          # 直接退出容器并停止
Ctrl + P + Q  # 退出容器但是容器不停止

[root@jiangwang /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@jiangwang /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@589fa10f7998 /]# [root@jiangwang /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
589fa10f7998   centos    "/bin/bash"   31 seconds ago   Up 29 seconds             magical_noether
[root@jiangwang /]# 

Start, stop, restart container commands

docker start container_name/container_id 	 # 启动容器
docker stop container_name/container_id  	 # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker restart container_name/container_id   # 重启容器
docker kill container_name/container_id    	 # 强制停止当前容器

After starting a container in the background, if you want to enter the container, you can use the attach command

docker attach container_name/container_id

Command to delete a container

docker rm container_name/container_id   # 不能删除正在运行的容器

remove all stopped containers

docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)

View the current system Docker information

docker info

Download an image from Docker hub

docker pull centos:latest

Find the nginx mirror on the docker hub

docker search nginx

4. Other commonly used commands

Start the container in the background

# docker run -d 镜像名
[root@jiangwang /]# docker run -d centos
dd83c9017b8b6cb2ed07d1943e0db8421b7ad0864ab291e7d470a6af76a8a6a9
[root@jiangwang /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@jiangwang /]# 

# 问题docker ps ，发现 centos 停止了
# 常见的坑：docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就自动停止
# nginx,容器启动后，发现袭击没有提供服务，就立刻停止，就是没有程序了

view log

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器

View the process information ps in the container

# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@jiangwang /]# docker top fbff5b668c3a
UID      PID       PPID      C       STIME       TTY           TIME        CMD     
root     4345      4324      0       16:59       pts/0         00:00:00    /bin/bash

View metadata in an image

# docker inspect 容器id
# 测试
[root@jiangwang /]# docker inspect 容器id

Enter the currently running container

# 命令 docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash

# 测试
[root@jiangwang /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
fbff5b668c3a   centos    "/bin/bash"   16 minutes ago   Up 16 minutes             blissful
[root@jiangwang /]# docker exec -it fbff5b668c3a /bin/bash
[root@fbff5b668c3a /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@fbff5b668c3a /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 08:59 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        16     0  0 09:16 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        32    16  0 09:17 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef

# 方式二、docker attach 容器id
[root@jiangwang /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
fbff5b668c3a   centos    "/bin/bash"   20 minutes ago   Up 20 minutes             blissful_tu
[root@jiangwang /]# docker attach fbff5b668c3a
[root@fbff5b668c3a /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@fbff5b668c3a /]# 

Copy files from container to host

# 命令 docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径
# 进入容器
[root@jiangwang /]# docker attach fbff5b668c3a      
[root@fbff5b668c3a /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@fbff5b668c3a /]# cd home/
 # 在容器内 home 路径下新建一个test.java文件
[root@fbff5b668c3a home]# touch test.java     
[root@fbff5b668c3a home]# ls
test.java
[root@fbff5b668c3a home]# exit
exit
[root@jiangwang /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
# 将容器内的test.java文件拷贝到linux主机上
[root@jiangwang /]# docker cp fbff5b668c3a:/home/test.java /home    
[root@jiangwang /]# cd home/
# 成功拷贝到/home目录下
[root@jiangwang home]# ls
f2  f3  jiangwang  test.java  www