〖Docker Guide・Ⓓ²〗A summary of common Docker commands

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1 Help command

1. docker version
   

2. docker info
   

3. docker --help
   

2 Mirror command

2.1 List mirrors

docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

1. REPOSITORY : Repository source representing the mirror
2. TAG : the tag of the mirror
3. IMAGE ID : Image ID
4. CREATED : Image creation time
5. SIZE : Image size

The same repository source can have multiple TAGs, representing different versions of the repository source. We use REPOSITORY:TAG to define different images.

If you don't specify a version tag for an image, e.g. you only use ubuntu, docker will use the ubuntu:latest image by default

OPTIONS Description:

-a: List all local images (including intermediate image layers, by default, the intermediate image layers are filtered out);

--digests: Display the summary information of the mirror;

-f: Display images that meet the conditions;

The currently supported filter configuration key is

• dangling: Displays images marked as empty, with values ​​only true and false
  docker images -f dangling=true
• label: This is to filter according to the label, where the value of label is configured by docker when compiling or configured in the Dockerfile
• before: This is to filter according to time, where the value of before represents the image list before a certain image construction time
  docker images -f before=true
• since: just the opposite of before, it means the image reference built after a certain image is built: this is to add a regular to match
  docker images -f since=true
• reference: This is to add a regular to match
  docker images --filter reference=*:*

--format: The template file specifying the return value;

docker images --format "{ {.ID}}\t{ {.Repository}}"

--no-trunc: Display complete image information;

-q: Only display the mirror ID.

2.2 Find mirrors

docker search [OPTIONS] TERM

1. docker search image name
2. docker search [OPTIONS] Image name
   --no-trunc: Show full image description
   -s: List images whose collections are not less than the specified value.
   --automated: List only images of type automated build;
   --filter, -f: Filter output based on given conditions
   --format: Display output using template formatting
   --limit: Max number of search results, default 25
   --no-trunc: Disable output truncation

2.3 Download mirror

docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]

1. docker pull image name
2. docker pull image name[:TAG]

2.4 Delete mirror

docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

1. docker rmi -f image ID
2. docker rmi -f image name 1:TAG image name 2:TAG
3. docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa)

3 Container Commands

为了更好的学习和演示，我在这里下载一个ubuntu的镜像

3.1 Create a new container and run

docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

OPTIONS description:
-a stdin: specifies the content type of standard input and output, three options: STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR;

-d: Run the container in the background and return the container ID;

-i: run the container in interactive mode, usually used with -t;

-P: Random port mapping, the internal port of the container is randomly mapped to the port of the host

-p: Specify the port mapping, the format is: host (host) port: container port

-t: reassigns a pseudo input terminal for the container, usually used with -i;

--name="nginx-lb": specify a name for the container;

--dns 8.8.8.8: Specify the DNS server used by the container, the default is the same as the host;

--dns-search example.com: Specify the container DNS search domain name, the default is the same as the host;

-h "mars": Specify the hostname of the container;

-e username="ritchie": set environment variables;

--env-file=[]: Read environment variables from the specified file;

--cpuset="0-2" or --cpuset="0,1,2": Bind the container to run on the specified CPU;

-m: Set the maximum memory used by the container;

--net="bridge": Specify the network connection type of the container, support bridge/host/none/container: four types;

--link=[]: add a link to another container;

--expose=[]: Open a port or a group of ports;

--volume, -v: bind a volume

实例

1. Start a container in background mode using the docker image nginx:latest and name the container mynginx.
   docker run --name mynginx -d nginx:latest
2. Start a container in background mode using the mirror nginx:latest and map the container's port 80 to a random port on the host.
   docker run -P -d nginx:latest
3. Use the mirror nginx:latest to start a container in background mode, map port 80 of the container to port 80 of the host, and map the directory /data of the host to /data of the container.
   docker run -p 80:80 -v /data:/data -d nginx:latest
4. Bind the container's port 8080 and map it to port 80 on the localhost 127.0.0.1.
   docker run -p 127.0.0.1:80:8080/tcp ubuntu bash
5. Use the image nginx:latest to start a container in interactive mode and execute the /bin/bash command inside the container.
   docker run -it nginx:latest /bin/bash
6. Start an interactive container
   docker run -it centos /bin/bash

3.2 List containers

docker ps [OPTIONS]

OPTIONS Description:

-a: Show all containers, including not running ones.

-f: Filter the displayed content based on conditions.

--format: Specifies the template file for the return value.

-l: Show recently created containers.

-n: List the n most recently created containers.

--no-trunc: Do not truncate output.

-q: silent mode, only the container number is displayed.

-s: Displays the total file size.

3.3 Exit the container

1. container stops exiting
   exit
2. Container does not stop exiting
   ctrl+P+Q

3.4 Start the container

docker start 容器ID或者容器名

3.5 Restart the container

docker restart 容器ID或者容器名

3.6 Stop the container

docker stop 容器ID或者容器名

3.7 Force stop the container

docker kill 容器ID或者容器名

3.8 Deleting a stopped container

docker rm 容器ID

To delete multiple containers at once:

1. docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)
2. docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm

3.9 Start the daemon container

docker run -d 容器名

Start a container in background mode using the image ubuntu:latestdocker run -d ubuntu

Problem : Check with docker ps -a, you will find that the container has exited

An important point to note: For a Docker container to run in the background, there must be a foreground process.

If the commands run by the container are not those that have been suspended (such as running top, tail), they will automatically exit.
This is the mechanism of docker, such as your web container, we take nginx as an example, under normal circumstances, we only need to start the response service when configuring the startup service.
E.gservice nginx start

However, in this way, nginx runs in the background process mode, which leads to no application running in the docker foreground.
After such a container starts in the background, it will immediately commit suicide because he thinks he has nothing to do.

So, the best solution is to run the program you want to run as a foreground process

3.10 Viewing container logs

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器ID

• -tis the join timestamp
• -fFollow the latest log print
• --tailNumbers show how many last

3.11 View the processes running in the container

docker top 容器ID

3.12 View the internal details of the container

docker inspect 容器ID

3.13 Entering a running container and interacting with the command line

docker exec -it 容器ID bash

重新进入docker attach 容器ID

The above two differences

1. attach directly enters the terminal of the container startup command and does not start a new process
2. exec is to open a new terminal in the container and can start a new process

3.14 Copying files from the container to the host

docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径 目的主机路径

4 Command Summary

project	Value
attach Attach to a running container	The attach connection under the current shell specifies the running image
build Build an image from a Dockerfile	Customize the image via Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container changes	Commit the current container as a new image
cp Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path	Copy the specified file or directory from the container to the host
create Create a new container	Create a new container, same as run, but do not start the container
diff Inspect changes on a container’s filesystem	View docker container changes
events Get real time events from the server	Get container real-time events from docker service
exec Run a command in an existing container	Run a command on an existing container
export Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive	Export the content stream of the container as a tar archive [corresponds to import]
history Show the history of an image	Show a mirror formation history
images List images	List the current image of the system
import Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarball	#Create a new filesystem image from the contents of the tar package [corresponding to export]
info Display system-wide information	#Display system related information
inspect Return low-level information on a container	View container details
kill Kill a running container	kill specifies the docker container
load Load an image from a tar archive	Load an image from a tarball [corresponds to save]
login Register or Login to the docker registry server	Register or log in to a docker source server
logout Log out from a Docker registry server	Exit from the current Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container	Output current container log information
port Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT	View the internal source port of the container corresponding to the mapped port
pause Pause all processes within a container	Pause the container
ps List containers	list containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from the docker registry server	Pull the specified image or library image from the docker image source server
push Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server	Push the specified image or library image to the docker source server
restart Restart a running container	Restart running containers
rm Remove one or more containers	remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images	Remove one or more images [no container can use the image to delete, otherwise you need to delete the relevant container to continue or -f force deletion]
run Run a command in a new container	Create a new container and run a command
save Save an image to a tar archive	Save an image as a tar package [corresponding to load]
search Search for an image on the Docker Hub	Search for images in docker hub
start Start a stopped containers	start the container
stop Stop a running containers	stop container
tag Tag an image into a repository	Tag the image in the source
top Lookup the running processes of a container	View information about processes running in a container
unpause Unpause a paused container	Unpause the container
version Show the docker version information	View docker version number
wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code	Intercept the exit status value when the container is stopped