sar use
install sysstat
apt-get install sysstat -y
#或
yum install sysstat -y
options
Usage: sar [options] [ <time interval> [ <number of times>] ]
Options:
[ -A ] [ -B ] [ -b ] [ -C ] [ -D ] [ -d ] [ -F [ MOUNT ] ] [ -H ] [ -h ]
[ -p ] [ -q ] [ -r [ ALL ] ] [ -S ] [ -t ] [ -u [ ALL ] ] [ -V ] [ -v ] [
-W ] [ -w ] [ -y ] [ -z ]
[ -I { <interrupt list> | SUM | ALL } ] [ -P { <cpu_list> | ALL } ] [
-m { <keyword> [,… ] | ALL } ] [ -n { <keyword> [,…] | ALL } ]
[ --dev=<list of devices> ] [ --fs=<list of filesystems> ] [ --iface=<iface_ list> ]
[ --dec={ 0 | 1 | 2 } ] [ --help ] [ --human ] [ --sadc ]
[ -j { ID | LABEL | PATH | UUID | ... } ]
[ -f [ <filename> ] | -o [ <filename> ] | -[0-9]+ ]
[ -i <time interval> ] [ -s [ <hour:minute[:second]> ] ] [ -e [ <hour:minute[:second]> ] ]
$ sar --help
用法: sar [ 选项 ] [ <时间间隔> [ <次数> ] ]
主要选项和报告（报告名以方括号分隔）：
-B 分页状况 [A_PAGE]
-b I/O 和传输速率信息状况 [A_IO]
-d 块设备状况 [A_DISK]
-F [ MOUNT ]
文件系统统计信息 [A_FS]
-H 巨大页面利用率 [A_HUGE]
-I {
<中断列表> | SUM | ALL }
中断信息状况 [A_IRQ]
-m {
<关键字> [,...] | ALL }
电源管理统计信息 [A_PWR_...]
关键字：
CPU CPU 瞬时时钟频率
FAN 风扇速度
\t\tFREQ\tCPU 平均时钟频率
IN 输入电压
TEMP 设备温度
\t\tUSB\t连接的 USB 设备
-n {
<关键字> [,...] | ALL }
网络统计信息 [A_NET_...]
关键字：
DEV 网络接口
EDEV 网络接口（错误）
NFS NFS 客户端
NFSD NFS 服务端
SOCK Sockets (v4)
IP IP 流 (v4)
EIP IP 流 (v4)（错误）
ICMP ICMP 流 (v4)
EICMP ICMP 流 (v4)（错误）
TCP TCP 流 (v4)
ETCP TCP 流 (v4) (错误)
UDP UDP 流 (v4)
SOCK6 Sockets (v6)
IP6 IP 流 (v6)
EIP6 IP 流 (v6)（错误）
ICMP6 ICMP 流 (v6)
EICMP6 ICMP 流 (v6) (错误)
UDP6 UDP 流 (v6)
FC Fibre channel HBAs
SOFT 基于软件的网络处理
-q 队列长度和平均负载统计信息 [A_QUEUE]
-r [ ALL ]
内存利用率信息 [A_MEMORY]
-S 交换空间利用率信息 [A_MEMORY]
-u [ ALL ]
CPU 利用率信息 [A_CPU]
-v 内核表统计信息 [A_KTABLES]
-W 交换信息 [A_SWAP]
-w 任务创建与系统切换信息 [A_PCSW]
-y TTY 设备信息 [A_SERIAL]
-A: sum of all reports
-b: Display I/O and transfer rate statistics
-B: display page change status
-d: output the usage information of each disk
-e: Set the end time for displaying the report
-f: read the report from the specified file
-i: Set the interval for status information refresh
-P: report the status of each CPU
-R: display memory status
–u: output cpu usage and statistics
–v: Display status of inodes, files and other kernel tables
-w: display the status of the swap partition
-x: Display the installation of a given process
-r: Report memory utilization statistics
cpu usage sar -u
$ sar 1 3
#或
$ sar -u 1 3
$ sar 1 3
Linux 5.10.0-amd64-desktop (uos-PC) 2022年07月26日 _x86_64_ (16 CPU)
11时36分59秒 CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
11时37分00秒 all 0.38 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 99.44
11时37分01秒 all 0.50 0.00 0.44 0.00 0.00 99.06
11时37分02秒 all 0.38 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 99.44
平均时间: all 0.42 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.00 99.31
%user CPU usage in user space
%nice CPU usage of processes whose priority has been changed
CPU usage of %system kernel space
%iowait The percentage of CPU waiting for IO
The CPU used by the virtual machine CPU of the %steal virtual machine
%idle idle CPU
In the above display, mainly look at %iowait and %idle. If %iowait is too high, it means that there is an I/O bottleneck, that is, disk IO cannot meet business needs. If %idle is too low, it means that the CPU usage is serious, and it needs to be combined with memory usage, etc. The situation determines whether the CPU is a bottleneck.
Save the file, and read the file sar -o | sar -f
sar -o filename 1 3 ## 保存
sar -f filename ## 查看
sar -f filename -r ALL ## 查看内存状态
sar -f filename -u ALL ## 查看cpu状态
View load average sar -q
$sar -q 1 3
Linux 5.10.0-amd64-desktop (uos-PC) 2022年07月26日 _x86_64_ (16 CPU)
11时41分00秒 runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15 blocked
11时41分01秒 0 1886 0.16 0.43 0.54 0
11时41分02秒 0 1886 0.15 0.42 0.53 0
11时41分03秒 0 1886 0.15 0.42 0.53 0
平均时间: 0 1886 0.15 0.42 0.53 0
runq-sz The length of the running queue (the number of processes waiting to run, the CP of each core cannot exceed 3)
The number of processes and threads in the plist-sz process list
ldavg-1 The average CPU load in the last minute, which is the average value obtained by adding the load of the multi-core CPU in the past minute and dividing it by the number of cores, and so on for 5 minutes and 15 minutes
ldavg-5 CPU load average for the last 5 minutes
ldavg-15 CPU load average for the last 15 minutes
blocked
memory usage sar -r
$ sar -r 1 3
Linux 5.10.0-amd64-desktop (uos-PC) 2022年07月26日 _x86_64_ (16 CPU)
11时43分18秒 kbmemfree kbavail kbmemused %memused kbbuffers kbcached kbcommit %commit kbactive kbinact kbdirty
11时43分19秒 364224 10025276 5702624 34.94 2242692 7342612 24669220 74.54 5592872 9422092 532
11时43分20秒 365112 10026208 5701544 34.94 2242692 7342860 24669220 74.54 5592872 9421532 636
11时43分21秒 365576 10026672 5701080 34.93 2242692 7342860 24669220 74.54 5592872 9421824 672
平均时间: 364971 10026052 5701749 34.94 2242692 7342777 24669220 74.54 5592872 9421816 613
kbmemfree free physical memory size
kbmemused physical memory size in use
%memused physical memory usage
kbbuffers The physical memory size used as a buffer in the kernel, kbbuffers and kbcached: these two values are the buffer and cache in the free command.
The file size of the kbcached cache
kbcommit guarantees the minimum memory required for the normal operation of the current system, that is, the minimum memory required to ensure that the memory does not overflow (physical memory + Swap partition)
commit This value is a percentage value of kbcommit and the total amount of memory (physical memory + swap partition)
kbactive
kbinact
kbdirty
View swap partition statistics sar -W
$ sar -W 1 3
Linux 5.10.0-amd64-desktop (uos-PC) 2022年07月26日 _x86_64_ (16 CPU)
11时44分31秒 pswpin/s pswpout/s
11时44分32秒 0.00 0.00
11时44分33秒 0.00 0.00
11时44分34秒 0.00 0.00
平均时间: 0.00 0.00
pswpin/s The number of swap pages (swap pages) from the swap partition to the system per second
pswpott/s The number of swap pages (swap pages) swapped from the system to swap per second
View IO and transfer rate sar -b
$ sar -b 1 3
Linux 5.10.0-amd64-desktop (uos-PC) 2022年07月26日 _x86_64_ (16 CPU)
11时45分44秒 tps rtps wtps bread/s bwrtn/s
11时45分45秒 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时45分46秒 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时45分47秒 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
平均时间: 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tps The total number of IOs per second of the disk, equal to tps in iostat
rtps The total number of IOs read from disk per second
wtps The total number of IOs written to disk per second
bread/s total number of blocks read from disk per second
bwrtn/s total number of blocks written to disk per second
View disk usage sar -d
$ sar -d 1 3
Linux 5.10.0-amd64-desktop (uos-PC) 2022年07月26日 _x86_64_ (16 CPU)
11时48分17秒 DEV tps rkB/s wkB/s areq-sz aqu-sz await svctm %util
11时48分18秒 dev259-0 14.00 0.00 96.00 6.86 0.00 0.07 0.57 0.80
11时48分18秒 dev8-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时48分18秒 DEV tps rkB/s wkB/s areq-sz aqu-sz await svctm %util
11时48分19秒 dev259-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时48分19秒 dev8-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时48分19秒 DEV tps rkB/s wkB/s areq-sz aqu-sz await svctm %util
11时48分20秒 dev259-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时48分20秒 dev8-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
平均时间: DEV tps rkB/s wkB/s areq-sz aqu-sz await svctm %util
平均时间: dev259-0 4.67 0.00 32.00 6.86 0.00 0.07 0.57 0.27
平均时间: dev8-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
DEV The name of the disk device, if you do not add -p, it will display a device name similar to dev253-0, so the name displayed with -p is more direct
tps The total number of I/O transfers per second
rd_sec/s total number of sectors read per second
wr_sec/s Total number of sectors written per second
avgrq-sz Average data size (sectors) of each disk I/O operation
avgqu-sz The average length of the disk request queue
await The average consumption time of each request from requesting disk operation to system completion processing, including request queue waiting time, in milliseconds (1 second equals 1000 milliseconds), equal to seek time + queue time + service time
The service processing time of svctm I/O, that is, the time in the request queue is not included
%util CPU percentage occupied by I/O requests, the higher the value, the slower the I/O
Statistical network information sar -n
-n { <keywords> [,…] | ALL }
Keywords can be :
DEV network card
EDEV network card (error)
NFS NFS client
NFSD NFS server
SOCK Sockets (v4)
IP IP stream (v4)
EIP IP Stream (v4) (Error)
ICMP ICMP Stream (v4)
EICMP ICMP Stream (v4) (Error)
TCP TCP Stream (v4)
ETCP TCP Stream (v4) (Error)
UDP UDP Stream (v4)
SOCK6 Sockets (Sockets ) (v6)
IP6 IP Flow (v6)
EIP6 IP Flow (v6) (Error)
ICMP6 ICMP Flow (v6)
EICMP6 ICMP Flow (v6) (Error)
UDP6 UDP Flow (v6)
Network interface information sar -n DEV
$ sar -n DEV 1 3
Linux 5.10.0-amd64-desktop (uos-PC) 2022年07月26日 _x86_64_ (16 CPU)
11时49分59秒 IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s %ifutil
11时50分00秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时50分00秒 enp5s0 22.00 14.00 6.22 1.81 0.00 0.00 3.00 0.01
11时50分00秒 macvtap0 4.00 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.00
11时50分00秒 IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s %ifutil
11时50分01秒 lo 7.00 7.00 2.18 2.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时50分01秒 enp5s0 15.00 13.00 5.35 4.44 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00
11时50分01秒 macvtap0 4.00 1.00 0.23 0.06 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.00
11时50分01秒 IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s %ifutil
11时50分02秒 lo 2.00 2.00 0.31 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时50分02秒 enp5s0 8.00 4.00 0.82 0.53 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
11时50分02秒 macvtap0 3.00 1.00 0.18 0.33 0.00 0.00 3.00 0.00
平均时间: IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s %ifutil
平均时间: lo 3.00 3.00 0.83 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
平均时间: enp5s0 15.00 10.33 4.13 2.26 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00
平均时间: macvtap0 3.67 0.67 0.21 0.13 0.00 0.00 3.67 0.00
IFACE The name of the local NIC interface
rxpck/s packets received per second
txpck/s database sent per second
rxKB/S The size of data packets accepted per second, in KB
txKB/S The size of data packets sent per second, in KB
rxcmp/s compressed packets received per second
txcmp/s compressed packets sent per second
rxmcst/s Multicast packets received per second
Network device unified trust failure information sar -n EDEV
sar -n EDEV 1 3
Linux 5.10.0-amd64-desktop (uos-PC) 2022年07月26日 _x86_64_ (16 CPU)
11时50分53秒 IFACE rxerr/s txerr/s coll/s rxdrop/s txdrop/s txcarr/s rxfram/s rxfifo/s txfifo/s
11时50分54秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时50分54秒 enp5s0 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时50分54秒 macvtap0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时50分54秒 IFACE rxerr/s txerr/s coll/s rxdrop/s txdrop/s txcarr/s rxfram/s rxfifo/s txfifo/s
11时50分55秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时50分55秒 enp5s0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时50分55秒 macvtap0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时50分55秒 IFACE rxerr/s txerr/s coll/s rxdrop/s txdrop/s txcarr/s rxfram/s rxfifo/s txfifo/s
11时50分56秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时50分56秒 enp5s0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时50分56秒 macvtap0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
平均时间: IFACE rxerr/s txerr/s coll/s rxdrop/s txdrop/s txcarr/s rxfram/s rxfifo/s txfifo/s
平均时间: lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
平均时间: enp5s0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
平均时间: macvtap0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
IFACE network card name
rxerr/s Corrupted packets received per second
txerr/s Number of packet errors sent per second
coll/s When sending data packets, the number of collisions (collisions) per second, this is only available in half-duplex mode
rxdrop/s When the buffer is full, the number of network packets dropped by the receiving end of the network card device per second
txdrop/s The number of network packets dropped by the sender of the network device per second when the buffer is full
txcarr/s The number of carrier errors per second when sending packets
rxfram/s When receiving data packets, the number of frame alignment errors that occur per second
rxfifo/s When receiving packets, the number of buffer overflow errors per second
txfifo/s When a packet occurs, the number of buffer overflow errors per second
Statistics socket link information sar -n SOCK
$ sar -n SOCK 1 3
Linux 5.10.0-amd64-desktop (uos-PC) 2022年07月26日 _x86_64_ (16 CPU)
11时51分56秒 totsck tcpsck udpsck rawsck ip-frag tcp-tw
11时51分57秒 1598 15 3 0 0 13
11时51分58秒 1598 15 3 0 0 13
11时51分59秒 1598 15 3 0 0 13
平均时间: 1598 15 3 0 0 13
totsck total number of sockets currently in use
tcpsck total number of TCP sockets currently being used
udpsck The total number of UDP sockets currently being used
rawsck Total number of skckets currently being used for RAW
if-frag The current number of IP fragments
tcp-tw The number of connections in the TIME-WAIT state in the TCP socket
Statistics of TCP connections sar -n TCP
$ sar -n TCP 1 3
Linux 5.10.0-amd64-desktop (uos-PC) 2022年07月26日 _x86_64_ (16 CPU)
11时52分44秒 active/s passive/s iseg/s oseg/s
11时52分45秒 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时52分46秒 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11时52分47秒 0.00 0.00 3.00 3.00
平均时间: 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
active/s new active connection
passive/s new passive connection
Segments accepted by iseg/s
Segments of oseg/s output
Use summary
Default monitoring: sar 1 1 # CPU and IOWAIT statistics status
sar -b 1 1 # IO transfer rate
sar -B 1 1 # page exchange rate
sar -c 1 1 # process creation rate
sar -d 1 1 # Active information of block devices
sar -n DEV 1 1 # Status information of network devices
sar -n SOCK 1 1 # Usage of SOCK
sar -n ALL 1 1 # All network status information
sar -P ALL 1 1 # The usage status information and IOWAIT statistics status of each CPU
sar -q 1 1 # length of queue (number of processes waiting to run) and status of load
sar -r 1 1 # memory and swap space usage
sar -R 1 1 # Memory statistics (allocation and release of memory pages, memory pages used by the system as BUFFER per second, memory pages cached per second)
sar -u 1 1 # CPU usage and IOWAIT information (same as default monitoring)
sar -v 1 1 # Status information of inode, file and other kernel tablesd
sar -w 1 1 # number of context switches per second
sar -W 1 1 # SWAP exchange statistics (monitoring status is the same as iostat's si so)
sar -x 2906 1 1 # Display the statistical information of the specified process (2906), including: errors caused by the process, user-level and system-level user CPU usage, and which CPU it is running on
sar -y 1 1 # Active state of TTY device
will output to file (-o) and read record information (-f)