1. Known as the father of artificial intelligence is _________. Turing
2. Among the various schools of artificial intelligence, the one that believes that artificial intelligence originated from mathematical logic is ___________. Symbolism; logicism; psychological school; computer school;
3. Among various schools of artificial intelligence, the principle of ___________ is mainly the neural network and the connection mechanism and learning algorithm between neural networks. Connectionism; Bionics School; Physiological School;
4. In various artificial intelligence schools, the principle of ___________ is cybernetics and perception-action control system. Behaviorism; Evolutionism; Cybernetics school;
5. Man is a physical symbol system. (√)
6. The basic condition of artificial intelligence is that the computer can exhibit intelligence. (√)
7. The basic condition of artificial intelligence is that the computer is a physical symbol system. (√)
8. At this stage, computer work is mainly in numerical calculation. (×)
[Analysis: The early work of computers mainly focused on numerical calculations, and at this stage they have a certain reasoning ability. 】
9. Machine learning is to enable computers to learn new knowledge and new technologies, and to continuously improve and perfect them in practice. (√)
10. Please briefly describe the basic connotation of smart economy. The smart economy is a new economic form driven by artificial intelligence and other smart technologies on the basis of the full development of the digital economy. Analysis: The smart economy is driven by artificial intelligence (AI), with new generation information technology and intelligence such as 5G, cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, mixed reality (MR), quantum computing, blockchain, and edge computing. Supported by technology, it is an economic form that promotes the intelligent transformation of production, lifestyle and social governance through the industrialization of intelligent technology and the intelligentization of traditional industries.
11. What is artificial intelligence? Try to explain it from two aspects of discipline and ability. From a disciplinary perspective: Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that involves the research, design, and application of intelligent machines. Its main goal in the near future is to study the use of machines to imitate and execute certain intelligent functions of the human brain, and to develop related theories and technologies.
From the perspective of ability: Artificial intelligence is the functions performed by intelligent machines that are usually related to human intelligence, such as thinking activities such as judgment, reasoning, proof, recognition, perception, understanding, design, thinking, planning, learning, and problem solving.
12. What are the current schools of artificial intelligence? What are their perceptions? (1) Symbolism, also known as Logicism, Psychlogism, or Computerism, is based on the assumption of a physical symbol system (ie symbol operating system) and the principle of limited rationality. It is believed that human's cognitive unit is a symbol, and the cognitive process is the process of symbol operation. It is considered that human beings are a physical symbol system, and computers are also a physical symbol system, so we can use computers to simulate human intelligent behavior. Knowledge is a form of information that forms the basis of intelligence. The core issues of artificial intelligence are knowledge representation, knowledge reasoning and knowledge application.
Connectionism, also known as Bionicsism or Physiology, its principle is mainly the neural network and the connection mechanism and learning algorithm between neural networks. It believes that the basic unit of human thinking is neurons, not neurons. symbol processing. He believes that the human brain is different from a computer, and proposes a connectionist brain working model to replace the computer working model of symbol operation.
Actionism, also known as Evo lutionism or Cyberneticsism, is based on cybernetics and perception-action control systems. Think intelligence depends on perception and action. It is believed that intelligence does not require knowledge, representation, or reasoning; artificial intelligence evolves gradually like human intelligence. Intelligent behavior can only be manifested in the real world by interacting with the surrounding environment. The description of objective things in the real world by symbolism and connectionism and the working mode of intelligent behavior are oversimplified abstractions, so they cannot truly reflect the objective existence.
1. Which of the following statements is correct (B).
- A. Replacement can be exchanged
- B. Language Networks are Graphical Representations of Knowledge
- C. The formula set can always be unified
- D. "time" is an instance of "spring"
Analysis: the premise of unification is the existence of transformation s, so that E1s=E2s=...; "spring" is an instance of "time";
2. Which of the following statements about knowledge is wrong (C).
- A. Knowledge is information that has been reduced, shaped, interpreted, selected and transformed
- B. Knowledge consists of domain-specific descriptions, relationships, and processes
- C. Knowledge is imagined experience
- D. Knowledge is the foundation of all intelligent behavior
3. Which of the following knowledge representation methods is not a declarative knowledge representation method (B).
- A. Script Representation
- B. Process representation
- C. Semantic Web Representation
- D. Frame Representation
4. Which of the following is not an essential part of predicate logic? (C)
- A. Predicate notation
- B. Variable notation
- C. Operator
operator operator
- D. Function notation
5. Regarding semantic network representation, (B) does not exist in the following inheritance.
- A. Refers to inheritance
- B. Left and Right Inheritance
- C. Default inheritance
- D. If inheritance is required
6. Assuming that P is true and Q is false, then the truth in the following formula is (A). A. PUQ
B.P∩Q
C.P→Q
D.~P 7. Which of the following equivalence relations is not established (C).
A. ~(~P) is equivalent to P
B. PUQ is equivalent to ~P→Q
CP→Q is equivalent to ~P→~Q
D.~(PUQ) is equivalent to ~P∩~Q
8. In the Vatican problem reduction graph, a certain sub-problem belongs to the original problem, then the solution of this sub-problem should include (A) step movement.
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. not sure
9. In the AND-OR graph, the set of nodes that can solve its parent problem as long as it solves a certain child problem refers to (A).
- A. or node
- B. with nodes
- C. Terminal node
- D. Successor node
10. Among the following nodes, the node must be unsolvable (D).
- A. Terminal leaf nodes
- B. Successor nodes
- C. Nodes with no descendants
- D. This node is a non-terminal node. If it has or a successor node, then all its descendants are unsolvable
11. The basic block of predicate checking is (A).
- A. Atomic formulas
- B. Molecular formula
- C. Well-formed formula
- D. Predicate notation
12. The reasoning process of the semantic network mainly includes ___inheritance_______ and __matching________.
13. The ternary state of the state space refers to the initial state set, _operator set_, and _target state set__.
14. "Li Gang is a person" is a _____-____ element relationship (one/many).
15. According to symbolism, to make a computer intelligent, it must first possess and be able to use knowledge. (√)
16. Knowledge system refers to an intelligent system based on knowledge representation and knowledge reasoning. (√)
17. After the knowledge is given, the knowledge representation method is unique. (×)
18. Knowledge representation refers to whether the knowledge needed to solve the problem can be expressed correctly and effectively. (√)
19. A semantic network is an undirected graph that expresses knowledge in terms of entities and their semantic relationships. (×)
20. The arc of the semantic network represents the semantic relationship, which means the semantic connection between the two connected entities, and must be marked. (√)
21. "Snow is white" is a monadic relation. (√)
22. Use the predicate calculus formula to express the following English sentences (Use more than omission of different predicates and terms. For example, do not use a single predicate letter to express each sentence.)
A computer system is intelligent if it can perform a task which, if performed by a human , requires intelligence.
23. What is the idea of the problem reduction representation method?
Starting from the goal (problem to be solved), reverse reasoning is established, sub-problems and sub-problems of sub-problems are established, until finally the initial problem is reduced to a set of ordinary primitive problems.
24. (Short answer question, 10 points) Use the predicate logic method to express the knowledge "all teachers have their own students".
25. Use the semantic network to represent "animals can move and eat".
26. Try semantic network representation: Animals can move and eat.
A bird is an animal that has wings and can fly.
A fish is an animal that lives in water and can swim.
27. Use the quaternion sequence structure to express the four-disk Vatican tower problem, and draw the AND-OR diagram for solving the problem.
1. (Multiple choice, 4 points) Which of the following is not a feature of blind search (C).
- A. Do not use empirical information relevant to the question in the search process
- B. Low search efficiency
- C. Need to rearrange the open table
- D. Generally only suitable for solving relatively simple problems
2. (Single-choice question, 4 points) Which of the following does not belong to the characteristics of the breadth-first search method (D).
- A. Search layer by layer
- B. Costly Search
- C. If there is a solution, it will be found
- D. The solution found is the solution of the optimal path
3. (Multiple choice, 4 points) Which of the following is not a blind search method (D).
- A. Breadth-first search
- B. Bounded Depth Optimal Search
- C. Equal-cost search
- D. Ordered Search
4. (Multiple choice, 4 points) Which of the following statements about the evaluation function is wrong (B).
- The characteristic of the A algorithm is that the evaluation function consists of two parts
- B. The search efficiency reflected by different evaluation functions is the same
- C. Heuristic search sorts the OPEN table by the size of the evaluation function
- D. Different valuation functions also determine different heuristic search algorithms
5. (Multiple choice, 4 points) Which of the following is incorrect about the nature of the well-formed formula (C).
6. (Single-choice question, 4 points) Which of the following is wrong about the nature of a well-formed formula is (B).
7. (Single-choice question, 4 points) Which of the following is wrong about reducing the scope of negation (A).
8. (Multiple choice, 4 points) In the heuristic search, usually the nodes on the OPEN table are arranged in the order of their f function values (C).
- A. Minimum
- B. Average
- C. Increment
- D. Decrease
9. (Single-choice question, 4 points) If the rearrangement of the OPEN table is based on f(x)=g(x)+h(x), the process is called (A).
- A. A-calculus
- B. A* Algorithm
- C. Ordered Search
- D. Heuristic search
10. (Single-choice question, 4 points) The breadth-first search method can guarantee to find a (B) path to the target node in the search tree.
- A. Feasible
- B. the shortest
- C. the longest
- D. Answer
11. (Single-choice question, 4 points) The premise of using the rule of reasoning of digestion is (B).
- A. Both formulas being acted upon are in conjunctive normal form
- B. Complementary pairs exist in the two clauses being acted on
- C. Any two formulas can use digestion reasoning
- D. Must conform to one of Hypothesis, Concatenation, Tautology, Empty Clause (Contradiction) or Chain (Syllogism)
12. (Multiple choice, 4 points) In the rule-based forward deduction system, we represent facts as (C).
- A. The IF-THEN rule
- B. Clause form
- C. The AND-OR form of the non-implicative form
- D. AND OR
13. (Single-choice question, 4 points) Which of the following is not part of the production system (A).
- A. to match
- B. General database
- C. Production rules
- D. Control strategy
14. (Fill in the blank, 4 points) In graph search, the ___Open______ table is used to record unexpanded nodes.
15. (Fill in the blank, 4 points) In graph search, the ___CLOSED___ table is used to record expanded nodes.
16. (Fill in the blank, 4 points) An atomic formula consists of a number of ___predicate symbols____ and ___terms__.
17. (Fill in the blank, 4 points) In the solution method, if "any" is within the scope of "existence", ___Skolem function_ should be used to replace it.
18. (Fill in the blank, 4 points) In the solution method, if "existence" is not within the scope of "arbitrary", you need to use _constant_ to replace.
19. (Fill in the blank, 4 points) In the production system, _rules___ are used to represent the reasoning process and behavior.
20. (Fill in the blank, 4 points) In the rule deduction system, the __THEN__ part of the rule is used to specify the action.
21. (True or false, 2 points) The OPEN table is used to record points that have not yet been expanded. (√)
22. (True or false, 2 points) The CLOSED table is used to record the points that have been expanded, that is, the points that have been passed. (√)
23. (True or false, 2 points) Different order of nodes in the OPEN table determines different search strategies. (√)
24. (True or false, 2 points) In the graph search, if the OPEN list is empty, it will fail and exit. (√)
25. (True or false, 2 points) The smaller the value of the evaluation function, the smaller the "hope" on the solution path. (×)
26. (True or false, 2 points) When using the evaluation function value to rearrange the OPEN table, each time select the node with the largest evaluation function value as the node to be investigated in the next step. (×)
27. (True or false, 2 points) A clause is a well-formed formula composed of disjunctions of words. (√)
28. (True or false, 2 points) A clause is a well-formed formula composed of conjunctions of words. (×)
29. (True or false, 2 points) Dissolution can only be performed between formulas (clauses) that contain only negation and disjunctive conjunctions. (√)
30. (True or false, 2 points) In a rule-deductive system, each If may match one or more assertions in a set of assertions. (√)
1. (Multiple choice, 5 points) The reason for using uncertainty reasoning method is (ABCD).
- A. The required knowledge is incomplete and imprecise
- B. Vague description of required knowledge
- C. Multiple causes lead to the same conclusion
- D. The solution to the problem is not unique
2. (Fill in the blank, 5 points) In the probabilistic reasoning method, knowledge is represented by production rules_If E then H_.
3. (Fill in the blank, 5 points) In the probabilistic reasoning method, the purpose of imprecise reasoning is to find out the probability __P(H|E)____ of conclusion H under evidence E.
4. (Fill in the blank, 5 points) In the subjective Bayesian reasoning method, knowledge is represented by production rules IF E THEN (LS, LN) H _.
5. (Fill in the blank, 5 points) When the evidence is uncertain, the posterior probability P(H|S) = __ P(H|E) P(E|S) + P(H|~E) P(~E| S)___.
6. (Fill in the blank, 5 points) In the CF model, knowledge is represented by production rules, and its general form is IF E THEN H (CF(H, E))___.
7. (Fill in the blank, 5 points) When the combined evidence is the conjunction of multiple single evidences, E=E1 AND E2 AND ... AND En, if it is known that under the current observation S, each single evidence Ei has a probability P( E1|S), P(E2|S), … ,P(En|S), then P(E|S)=__min{ P(E1|S), P(E2|S), … ,P(En |S)}_.
8. (Fill in the blank, 5 points) When the combined evidence is the disjunction of multiple single evidences, E=E1 OR E2 OR ... OR En, if it is known that under the current observation S, each single evidence Ei has a probability P( E1|S), P(E2|S), … ,P(En|S), then P(E|S)=_max{ P(E1|S), P(E2|S), … ,P(En |S)}_.
9. (True or false, 2 points) There are many uncertainties in the real world objectively, and it is necessary to use uncertain knowledge to reason in an incomplete and uncertain situation. (√)
10. (True or false, 2 points) Classical logic is binary logic, while non-classical logic is multi-valued logic. (√)
11. (True or false, 2 points) Inductive logical reasoning is used for classics, and deductive logical reasoning is used for non-classical ones. (×)
12. (True or false, 2 points) Non-classical logic is non-monotonic logic. (√)
13. (True or false, 2 points) There are degrees of uncertainty. (√)
14. (True or false, 2 points) When the uncertainty of knowledge is represented by probability, take a value in the [0,1] interval, the closer to 0, the more false, and the closer to 1, the more true. (√)
15. (True or false, 2 points) The measure of uncertainty must determine the value range of the measure. (√)
16. (True or false, 2 points) The probability of event X occurring is equal to the ratio of the probability of X occurring to the probability of X not occurring. (√)
17. (True or false, 2 points) In the subjective Bayesian reasoning method, if the initial evidence is used for reasoning, the user can obtain C(E|S), and P(H|S) can be obtained according to the EH formula. (×)
18. (True or false, 2 points) In the subjective Bayesian reasoning method, if intermediate conclusions are used as evidence for reasoning, then P(H|S) can be obtained according to the EH formula. (√)
19. (Calculation questions, 10 points)
There are three independent conclusions H1, H2, H3 and two independent evidences E1, E2, their prior probability and conditional probability are respectively:
P(H1)=0.4, P(H2)=0.3, P(H3)=0.3,
P(E1|H1)=0.5, P(E1|H2)=0.3, P(E1|H3)=0.5,
P(E2|H1)=0.7, P(E2|H2)=0.9, P(E2|H3)=0.1,
Try the probability method to find out:
(1) P(H1|E1), P(H2|E1), and P(H3|E1) values when only evidence E1 appears, and explain the impact of the appearance of E1 on conclusions H1, H2, and H3;
(2) The values of P(H1|E1,E2), P(H2|E1,E2), and P(H3|E1,E2) when the evidences E1 and E2 appear at the same time, and explain that the simultaneous appearance of E1 and E2 has a negative effect on the conclusion H1 , H2, H3 influence.
20. (Calculation questions, 10 points)
Suppose the following inference rule r1: IF E1 THEN (2, 0.0001) H1
r2: IF E1 AND E2 THEN (100, 0.001) H1
r3: IF H1 THEN (200, 0.01) H2
Known: P(E1)=P(E2)=0.6, P(H1)=0.091, P(H2)=0.01
User answer: P(E1|S1)=0.76, P(E2|S2)=0.68
Find: the value of P(H2|S1, S2).
21. (Calculation questions, 20 points)
There are the following inference rules:
R1：IF E1 THEN （500, 0.01） H1
R2：IF E2 THEN （1, 100） H1
R3：IF E3 THEN （1000, 1） H2
R4：IF H1 THEN （20, 1） H2
And it is known that P(H1)=0.1, P(H2)=0.1,
The probability of initial evidence is P(E1|S1)=0.5, P(E2|S2)=0, P(E3|S3)=0.8.
Find the posterior probability P(H2|S1,S2,S3) of H2 by subjective Bayesian method.
1. (Single-choice question) Among the following scientists, no one participated in the 1956 Dartmouth Conference (A).
- A. Ramon Liuli
- B. Marvin Minsky
- C. Claude Shannon
- D. Allen Newell
2. (Single-choice question) The core content of China Agriculture 4.0 does not include (B).
- A. Information and knowledge as factors of production
- B. Strengthen the popularization and application of new technologies in agricultural mechanization
- C. Realize information perception, quantitative decision-making, intelligent control, precise input and engineering production in the whole process of agricultural production
- D. Realize agricultural visual remote diagnosis, remote control, and disaster early warning
3. (Single-choice question) The development of artificial intelligence has had a profound impact on human beings and their future. These impacts mainly involve human economy, society, culture, etc. Which of the following is not the impact of artificial intelligence on society. ( )
- A. Labor and Employment Issues
- B. Changes in the social structure
- C. Psychological threats
- D. to warm the climate
Correct answer: D
4. (Single-choice questions) ( ) Study how computers simulate or implement human learning behaviors to acquire new knowledge or skills, update existing knowledge structures, and continuously improve their own performance.
- A. Machine perception
- b. Machine Learning
- C. Machine Behavior
- D. Machine thinking
Correct Answer: B
5. (Single-choice question) ( ) is the first person to popularize machine learning.
- A. John von Neumann
- B. John McCarthy
- C. Donald Hebb
- D. Arthur Samuel
Correct answer: C
6. (Single-choice question) The current development of artificial intelligence is in the ( ) stage.
- A. Dark period
- B. Knowledge application period
- C. Integrated development period
- D. Internet Shock Period
Correct answer: C
7. (Single-choice question) The proposition can be judged as true or false ( ).
- A. Imperative sentences
- B. Questions
- C. Exclamation
- D. Declarative sentences
Correct answer: D
8. (Single-choice question) Which one is not the main application of robots in the medical field? ( )
- A. Surgical Robots
- B. Rehabilitation robots
- C. Nursing robots
- D. Precision Machining Robot
Correct answer: D
9. (Single-choice question) When semantic network expresses knowledge, directed arc AKO chain and ISA chain are used to express node knowledge ( ).
- A. Non-contradictory
- B. Scalability
- C. Inheritance
Correct answer: C
10. (Single-choice question) ( ) is the first person to popularize machine learning.
- A. John von Neumann
- B. John McCarthy
- C. Donald Hebb
- D. Arthur Samuel
Correct answer: C
11. (Single-choice question) 
Yes ( ).
- A. The law of addition
- B. Law of rejection
- C. Hypothetical reasoning
- D. US
Correct answer: C
12. (Single-choice question) In the field of artificial intelligence, which of the following is not related to robot thinking. ( )
- A. Knowledge representation and reasoning
- B. Problem Pursuit
- C. Planning
- D. Data Integration
Correct answer: D
13. (Single-choice question) In the Turing test, if more than ( ) testers cannot tell whether the interlocutor behind the screen is a human or a machine, it can be said that this computer has passed the test and has artificial intelligence.
- A. 30%
- B. 40%
- C. 50%
- D. 60%
Correct answer: A
14. (Single-choice question) Which of the following search methods does not belong to blind search ( ).
- A. Equal-cost search
- B. Breadth-first search
- C. Depth-first search
- D. Ordered Search
Correct answer: D
15. (Single-choice question) In May 2015, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Internet +" Artificial Intelligence Three-Year Action Implementation Plan, which clearly stated that by 2018, the domestic artificial intelligence market application scale will be formed ( ).
- A. 10 million yuan level
- B. Hundreds of millions of dollars
- C. Ten billion yuan
- D. 100 billion yuan level
Correct answer: D
16. (Single-choice question) When inverting the solution to prove the theorem, if the current reduction formula is ( ), the theorem is proved.
- A. Permanent style
- B. Inclusive
- C. Empty clause
Correct answer: C
17. (Single-choice question) Which of the following systems is a new type of expert system? ( )
- A. Multimedia Expert System
- B. Real-time expert systems
- C. Military Expert Systems
- D. Distributed expert system
Correct answer: D
18. (Single-choice question) Which one does not belong to the common learning algorithm of neural network ( ).
- A. Learn from a teacher
- B. Reinforcement Learning
- C. Observation and discovery learning
- D. Learning without a teacher
Correct answer: C
19. (Single-choice question) The full English name of artificial intelligence is ( ).
- A. Automatic Intelligence
- B. Artificial Intelligence
- C. Automatice Information
- D. Artifical Information
Correct Answer: B
20. (Single-choice question) Starting from the known facts, the reasoning method of the production system to obtain the conclusion through the rule base is ( ).
- A. Forward reasoning
- B. Backward reasoning
- C. Two-way reasoning
Correct answer: A
21. (Single-choice question) Which of the following is not among the 4 elements included in the knowledge of artificial intelligence systems ( ).
- A. Facts
- B. Rules
- C. Control and meta-knowledge
- D. relationship
Correct answer: D
22. (Single-choice question) Connectionism is a theory that integrates the fields of ( ), the following is wrong ( ).
- A. Developmental psychology
- B. Cognitive psychology
- c. Artificial intelligence
- D. Philosophy of mind
Correct answer: A
23. (Single-choice question) AlphaGo is the artificial intelligence product of which of the following companies ( ).
- A. Facebook
- B. Apple
- C. IBM
- D. Google Deep Mind
Correct answer: D
24. (Single-choice question) The following schools of thought ( ) believe that the theoretical basis of intelligent activities is the physical symbol system, and the basic unit of cognition is symbols.
- A. The Symbolist School
- B. The Connectionist School
- C. Behaviorist school of thought
- D. Symbolic Interaction School
Correct answer: A
25. (Single-choice question) In May 1997, in the famous "man-machine war", the computer finally defeated the world chess king Garry Kasparov with a total score of 3.5 to 2.5. This computer is called ( ).
- A. dark blue
- B. IBM
- C. to ponder
- D. blue sky
Correct answer: A
26. (Single-choice question) The components of the semantic network are ( ).
- A. Frame and arc
- B. States and Operators
- C. Nodes and chains
- D. Slot and value
Correct answer: C
27. (Single-choice question) Which application field of artificial intelligence does the automatic identification system belong to? ( )
- A. Natural Learning System
- b. Machine Learning
- c. Expert system
- D. Simulation of human senses
Correct answer: D
28. (Single-choice question) Which of the following statements about symbolism is wrong ( ).
- A. Symbolism believes that the basic unit of human cognition is a symbol
- B. Symbolism believes that the cognitive process is the symbol operation process
- C. Able to use computer symbolic manipulation to simulate human cognitive processes
- D. Human thinking is inoperable
Correct answer: D
29. (Single-choice question) It is generally believed that intelligence is an ability to recognize objective things and use ( ) to solve problems.
- A. Theory
- b. Technology
- c. knowledge
- D. Operation
Correct answer: C
30. (Single-choice question) The predicate in which only individual variables are quantified is called ( ).
- A. First-order predicates
- B. Atomic formulas
- C. Second-order predicates
- D. Full quantifiers
Correct answer: A
31. (Single-choice question) Before 1956, the development of artificial intelligence was in ( ).
- A. Emergence
- B. The first boom
- C. The first trough period
- D. Recovery period
Correct answer: A
32. (Single-choice question) Turing designed a very famous experiment to test machine intelligence in ( ), called the Turing experiment.
- A. 1949
- B. 1950
- C. 1951
- D. 1940
Correct Answer: B
33. (Single-choice question) The following ( ) event marks the birth of artificial intelligence as a new science.
- A. Shannon published "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" in 1948
- B. In 1950, Turing published "Computing Machinery and Intelligence"
- C. 1956 Dartmouth Summer Symposium on Artificial Intelligence
- D. Hopfield proposed Hopfield network in 1982
Correct answer: C
34. (Single-choice question) "Industry 4.0" is the fourth industrial revolution at the core of intelligent manufacturing. Which of the following plans is not one of its themes? ( )
- A. Smart factory
- B. Intelligent production
- C. Intelligent management
- D. Smart Logistics
Correct answer: C
35. (Single-choice question) ( ) is the last word in the development of artificial intelligence, and artificial intelligence without it is useless.
- A. data
- B. Application
- c. logic
- D. Algorithms
Correct Answer: B
36. (Single-choice questions) ( ) is an emerging discipline that uses computers to simulate or realize human visual functions. Its main research goal is to enable computers to have the ability to recognize three-dimensional environmental information through two-dimensional images.
- A) machine vision
- B. Speech recognition
- c. Machine translation
- D. Machine Learning
Correct answer: A
37. (Single-choice question) ( ) is known as the father of artificial intelligence.
- A. John von Neumann
- B. John McCarthy
- C. Donald Hebb
- D. Arthur Samuel
Correct Answer: B
Answer analysis:
As a highly respected computer scientist and cognitive scientist, McCarthy proposed the term "artificial intelligence" at the Dartmouth Conference in 1955, and was hailed as the father of artificial intelligence, and applied mathematical logic to artificial intelligence. in early formation.
38. (Single-choice question) In the ( ) link in the agricultural field, intelligent agricultural robots can use image recognition technology to obtain the growth status of crops, determine which weeds need to be removed, and determine where irrigation, fertilization, and spraying are required, and execute them immediately.
- A. Prenatal
- B. During labor
- C. Postpartum
- D. the whole process
Correct Answer: B
39. (Single-choice question) Artificial intelligence will increase and reduce the ( ) link in the payment process, greatly improving the transaction speed.
- A. Information transfer
- B. Manual processing
- C. Account confirmation
- D. Transfer-Out Authorization
Correct Answer: B
40. (Single-choice question) Google's AlphaGo robot defeated the human Go world champion Li Shidol, which shows ( ).
- A. Artificial intelligence can completely replace human beings, and its intelligence has far surpassed that of human beings
- B. Artificial intelligence has surpassed humans in some aspects, and its groundbreaking Go algorithm is the key to victory
- C. Artificial intelligence just takes advantage of the loopholes that humans cannot concentrate for a long time to win
- D. The victory of artificial intelligence has sounded the alarm for human beings. In the future, human beings may not be able to control artificial intelligence
Correct Answer: B
41. (Single-choice question) Which of the following learning methods does example learning belong to? ( )
- A. Interpretation learning
- B. Inductive Learning
- C. Learning by analogy
- D. Machine Learning
Correct Answer: B
42. (Single-choice question) The time considered to be the "first year" of artificial intelligence should be ( ).
- A. 1946
- b.1948
- c. 1956
- D.1961
Correct answer: C
43. (Single-choice question) Which of the following statements about the impact of artificial intelligence on the real economy is incorrect ( ).
- A. Artificial intelligence can improve the energy level of the real economy
- B. AI can accelerate economic transformation
- C. AI can accelerate innovation-driven development
- D. Artificial intelligence can promote the prosperity of the digital economy
Correct Answer: B
44. (Single-choice question) Which of the following statements is incorrect about the strategic goals for the development of artificial intelligence by 2030 in the "Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Development Plan for a New Generation of Artificial Intelligence" ( ).
- A. The theory, technology and application of artificial intelligence have reached the world's leading level
- B. To become a major AI innovation center in the world
- C. The artificial intelligence industry has become a new important economic growth point
- D. Smart economy and smart society have achieved remarkable results
Correct answer: C
45. (Single-choice question) The principle of digestion is a method for ( ).
- A. Inference Rules for Expression Transformation
- B. Rules of Inference for Operations on Variables
- C. Rules of Inference for Certain Clause Formulas
- D. Rules of Inference for Rule Deduction
Correct answer: D
46. (Single-choice question) The essence of intelligent manufacturing is to realize the horizontal integration across the enterprise value network through the deep integration of the new generation of information technology and advanced manufacturing technology, to penetrate the vertical integration of the enterprise equipment layer, control layer, and management layer, and The end-to-end integration of the product life cycle, and ( ) is the key way to achieve all-round integration.
- a. to standardize
- B. Digitization
- C. Process
- D. Networking
Correct answer: A
47. (Single-choice question) The two most important and broadest areas of artificial intelligence application research are ( ).
- A. Expert system, automatic planning
- B. Expert systems, machine learning
- C. Machine learning, intelligent control
- D. Machine Learning, Natural Language Understanding
Correct Answer: B
48. (Single-choice question) The concept of smart factory and smart production comes from ( ).
- A. Industry 1.0
- B. Industry 2.0
- C.Industry 3.0
- D.Industry 4.0
Correct answer: D
49. (Fill in the blanks) As a highly respected computer scientist and cognitive scientist, ______________ proposed the term "artificial intelligence" at the Dartmouth Conference in 1955, and was hailed as the father of artificial intelligence. Logic was applied to the early formation of artificial intelligence.
correct answer:
(1) John McCarthy; McCarthy
50. (Fill in the blank) The expert system is a system based on _______________ and with _______________ as the core.
correct answer:
(1) knowledge
(2) reasoning
51. (Fill in the blank) When semantic network expresses knowledge, directed arc AKO chain and ISA chain are _________________ used to express node knowledge.
correct answer:
(1) Inheritance
52. (Fill in the blank) A heuristic search is a search that utilizes ______________ information, and the role of the valuation function in the search process is ___________________.
correct answer:
(1) Heuristic
(2) Estimate the hope that the node is on the solution path; estimate the cost of the node on the solution path;
53. (Fill in the blank) Before 1956, the development of artificial intelligence was at ___________.
correct answer:
(1) Germination period
54. (Fill in the blank) The meaning of artificial intelligence was first proposed by _________ in 1950, and at the same time, a test model for machine intelligence was proposed.
correct answer:
(1) Turing; Alan Mathison Turing; Alan Mathison Turing; Alan Mathison Turing; Turing
55. (Fill in the blank) To make a machine intelligent, it must have knowledge. Therefore, there is a research field in artificial intelligence, which mainly studies how computers can automatically acquire knowledge and skills to achieve self-improvement. This research subdiscipline is ___________.
correct answer:
(1) Machine learning
56. (Fill in the blank) When proving the theorem by inversion and resolution, if the current reduction formula is ____________, the theorem is proved.
correct answer:
(1) empty clause
57. (Fill in the blank) The components of the semantic network are __________ and __________.
correct answer:
(1) node
(2) chain
58. (Fill in the blank) my country issued the "Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Development Plan for the New Generation of Artificial Intelligence" in __________.
correct answer:
(1) 2017
59. (Fill in the blank) Symbolism believes that artificial intelligence originated from _______________.
correct answer:
(1) Mathematical logic
60. (Fill in the blank) The full English name of artificial intelligence is ___________________.
correct answer:
(1) Artificial Intelligence
61. (Fill in the blank) Computational intelligence is a new content of artificial intelligence research, involving __________, __________ and ______________, etc.
correct answer:
(1) Neural computing; fuzzy computing; evolutionary computing;
(2) Neural computing; fuzzy computing; evolutionary computing;
(3) neural computing; fuzzy computing; evolutionary computing;
62. (Fill in the blank) Neural network research belongs to the ________________ school of thought.
correct answer:
(1) Connectionism
63. (Fill in the blanks) In an AND or graph, a non-terminal node with no descendants is an unsolvable node, then a non-terminal node that contains or a successor node and at least one of its descendants is a solvable non-terminal node is ________________, and contains and a successor node And at least one non-terminal node that is unsolvable in the descendants is ______________.
correct answer:
(1) Solvable nodes
(2) Unsolvable nodes
64. (Fill in the blanks) In order to solve how to simulate human perceptual thinking, such as visual understanding, intuitive thinking, perception, etc., the study finds that an important information processing mechanism is _________________.
correct answer:
(1) Artificial neural network
65. (Fill in the blanks) The description of the known initial problem, which is finally transformed into a set of sub-problems through a series of transformations; the solutions of these sub-problems can be obtained directly, thus solving the initial problem. This representation of knowledge is _______________.
correct answer:
(1) Problem reduction method
66. (Fill in the blank) Behaviorism believes that artificial intelligence originated from _______________.
correct answer:
(1) Cybernetics
67. (Fill in the blank) The three major schools of artificial intelligence are _____________, _______________, and _____________.
correct answer:
(1) Symbolism; Connectionism; Behaviorism
(2) Symbolism; Connectionism; Behaviorism
(3) Symbolism; Connectionism; Behaviorism
68. (Fill in the blank) Connectionism believes that artificial intelligence originated from _______________.
correct answer:
(1) Bionics
69. (Fill in the blank) Starting from the known facts, the reasoning method of the production system to obtain the conclusion through the rule base is ______________.
correct answer:
(1) Forward reasoning
70. (Fill in the blanks) Some deaf-mute people use gestures to express their thoughts in order to facilitate communication with others. This is the ______________ aspect of intelligence.
correct answer:
(1) Behavioral capacity
71. (True or False) The Dartmouth Conference is widely recognized as a sign of the birth of AI.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
72. (True or false) In the credibility method, if the credibility CF(F) of evidence A=0, it means that nothing is known about evidence A.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
73. (True or false) Driven by new theories and technologies such as mobile Internet, big data, supercomputing, sensor networks, and brain science, as well as strong demands for economic and social development, the development of artificial intelligence has entered a new stage.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
74. (True or false) The purpose of artificial intelligence is to enable machines to simulate, extend and expand human intelligence, so as to realize the mechanization of certain mental work.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
75. (True or False) At present, there are mainly self-interested educational institutions that combine artificial intelligence with education, among which there are already a lot of intelligent education with real technical content.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: wrong
76. (True or false) Artificial intelligence technology enables machines to replace people in completing dangerous and complex tasks by simulating human consciousness, behavior, and thinking, and improves work quality and efficiency.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
77. (True or false) Smart medical care can realize early risk prediction of diseases and monitoring of intervention effects.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
78. (True or false) The "and/or" diagram is a tree diagram combined with "and" nodes and "or" nodes, which is used to describe the solution process of certain types of problems.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
79. (True or false) The "Tianying" UAV is a new type of high-altitude, high-speed and long-endurance UAV independently developed by the UAV Technology Research Institute of HKUST Xunfei with strong stealth capabilities.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
80. (True or false) The "Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Development Plan for a New Generation of Artificial Intelligence" states that by 2020, artificial intelligence laws, regulations, ethical norms, and policy systems will be initially established to form artificial intelligence security assessment and control capabilities.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: wrong
81. (True or false) An intelligent machine bears value and moral attributes in the ethical relationship between humans, and its own moral attributes determine its place in ethics.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
82. (True or false) In the field of commercial retail, the development of artificial intelligence will lead to more and more management jobs being replaced by machines.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: wrong
83. (True or false) The development of artificial intelligence will not cause ethical and moral issues, and will not bring new problems and huge impacts on social development.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: wrong
84. (True or false) Since the 1970s, the reason why artificial intelligence entered the first low period is the limitation of hardware integration technology.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
85. (True or false) Usually, the risk performance is lagging behind. Smart finance's anti-fraud and risk control system based on big data and intelligent algorithms realizes lagging, passive, partial to real-time, active and comprehensive risk management.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
86. (True or false) The basic moral principles and ethical principles that artificial intelligence should follow only include the basic principles of artificial intelligence research and development and application, and do not include the basic principles that superintelligence with autonomous consciousness should follow in the future.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: wrong
87. (True or false) Artificial intelligence will not change people's way of thinking and concepts.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: wrong
88. (True or false) Artificial intelligence technology has little impact on agricultural production.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: wrong
89. (Judgment question) Using existing knowledge and experience, according to the actual situation of the problem, constantly looking for available knowledge, so as to construct (a reasoning route with the least cost, and the process of solving the problem is called search.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
90. (True or false) In May 1997, in the famous "man-machine war", the computer finally defeated the world chess king Garry Kasparov with a total score of 3.5 to 2.5. This computer was called Deep Blue.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
91. (True or false) The development of artificial intelligence in the future should shift from the paradigm of small data and large tasks to the paradigm of big data and small tasks.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: wrong
92. (True or false) At present, although artificial intelligence is developing rapidly, the industrialization and application of artificial intelligence are still in its infancy.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
93. (True or false) The three main approaches to AI research are: symbolism, connectionism, and behaviorism.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
94. (True or false) In the field of commercial retail, artificial intelligence has penetrated into every corner of "Double Eleven".
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
95. (True or false) The three genetic operations of the simple genetic method are: selection, crossover and mutation.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
96. (True or false) Artificial intelligence is a subject that studies, understands and simulates human intelligence, intelligent behavior and its laws.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
97. (True or false) In the future, all kinds of interaction methods will be deeply integrated, so that smart devices will more naturally synchronize with human biological response processes, including thinking processes, kinesthetics, and preferences.
- A. yes
- B. Wrong
Correct answer: yes
98. (Short answer question) Please briefly describe deterministic reasoning and uncertain reasoning.
Deterministic reasoning refers to the use of deterministic knowledge to conduct precise reasoning on the basis of classical logic and obtain deterministic results.
Uncertainty reasoning refers to the use of uncertainty knowledge and evidence to reason, to obtain a certain degree of uncertainty but reasonable or basically reasonable conclusions.
99. (Short answer question) In which 4 aspects are the characteristics of human intelligence manifested?
correct answer:
(1) Can perceive the information of the objective world;
(2) Be able to process the knowledge acquired through thinking;
(3) Accumulate knowledge through learning to grow talents and adapt to environmental changes;
(4) Able to respond to external stimuli and transmit information.
100. (Short answer question) Describe the relationship between Computational Intelligence (CI) and Artificial Intelligence (AI).
correct answer:
Computational intelligence is a kind of low-level cognition in the form of intelligence. The difference between it and artificial intelligence is that the cognitive level drops from the middle level to the low level. Middle-level systems contain knowledge (boutiques), while low-level systems do not.
When a system involves only numerical (low-level) data, includes a pattern recognition part, does not apply knowledge in the sense of artificial intelligence, and can present:
(1) Calculation adaptability;
(2) Computational fault tolerance;
(3) Speed close to that of a person;
(4) The error rate is similar to that of humans,
Then the system is a computational intelligence system.
When an intelligent computing system adds knowledge (boutique) value in a non-numerical way, it becomes an artificial intelligence system.
101. (Short answer question) What is knowledge?
correct answer:
Knowledge is an abstract term used to attempt to describe a person's understanding of a particular object.
General explanation: Knowledge is the understanding and experience accumulated by people in the practice of transforming the objective world.
Information processing point of view: Knowledge is the understanding of the laws of the objective world formed by intelligent processing of information. That is: knowledge = information + association.
102. (Short answer question) What are the current schools of artificial intelligence? What are their different views on artificial intelligence in theory?
103. (Short answer questions) What is machine learning?
Machine learning is the study of how computers simulate or implement human learning behaviors to acquire new knowledge or skills, and reorganize existing knowledge structures to continuously improve their own performance.
Machine learning is the core of artificial intelligence and the fundamental way to make computers intelligent, and its application pervades all fields of artificial intelligence.
104. (Short answer questions) What are the characteristics of artificial neural networks?
correct answer:
(1) Parallel distributed processing The neural network has a high degree of parallel structure and parallel implementation capabilities, so it can have better fault tolerance and faster overall processing capabilities.
(2) Nonlinear mapping Neural network has inherent nonlinear characteristics, which stems from its ability to approximate arbitrary nonlinear mapping (transformation).
(3) Learning through training The neural network is trained through the past data records of the system under study. A properly trained neural network has the ability to generalize over all data.
(4) Adaptation and integration The neural network can adapt to online operation, and can perform quantitative and qualitative operations at the same time. The strong adaptability and information fusion ability of neural network enable the network process to input a large number of different control signals at the same time, solve the problem of complementarity and redundancy among input information, and realize information integration and fusion processing.
(5) Hardware implementation The neural network can realize parallel processing not only through software but also with the help of software. In recent years, some VLSI implementation hardware has come out and is commercially available.
105. (Short answer question) What are the ways of expressing knowledge?
Knowledge representation methods include: state space representation (state space graph), problem specification representation (and or graph), predicate logic representation, semantic network representation, frame representation, production representation, etc.
106. (Short answer question) What is the meaning of computational intelligence? What branches of research does it involve?
correct answer:
Computational intelligence involves the fields of neural networks, fuzzy logic, evolutionary computing, and artificial life. Its research and development reflect the important development trend of interdisciplinary and integrated contemporary science and technology. Computational intelligence depends on the numerical data provided by the manufacturer. Not dependent on knowledge.
107. (Short answer questions) Please explain the basic structure of neurons and the working process of feedforward neural networks.
my answer:
A neuron consists of a cell body and processes. There are two types of processes, axons and dendrites.
Dendrites and axons work together to carry information between neurons.
The signal of the feedforward network is unidirectionally transmitted from the input layer to the output layer, and the neurons of each layer are only connected to the neurons of the previous layer, and only receive the information transmitted from the previous layer.
correct answer:
slightly
108. (Other) It is known that there are two boxes A and B and two rooms No. 27 and No. 28, and A is not in Room 27 but in Room 28. Suppose the robot knows:
(1) All boxes in room 27 are smaller than those in room 28;
(2) Box B is in room 27 and B is not smaller than A;
Please use a given predicate to express known conditions and conclusions, and use digestion and inversion to prove that A is in room 27.
Given predicates: I(x,y): x is in room y; S(x,y): x is smaller than y.
109. (Other) Use Semantic Networks to represent the following knowledge:
(1) I am a single person;
(2) I have a computer;
(3) My computer is PC/PIV1.8G;
(4) The PC is a computer;
(5) PC/PIV1.8G is a PC;
(6) PC/PIV1.8G includes hard disk, monitor, CPU, memory.
111. (Other) There are three candidates for sending personnel abroad by a certain unit: Zhao, Qian and Sun. After discussion, it is decided:
(1) At least one of the three persons is dispatched;
(2) If Zhao goes but Qian does not, Sun must be sent;
(3) If the money goes, the grandson must be sent;
Proof: Sun will definitely be sent abroad.
Let P(x) represent sending x to go abroad, zhao, qian, and sun respectively represent three people, express the known conditions and goals correctly with the predicate formula, and prove it by digestion and inversion.
112. (Other) The following facts are known:
(1) Xiao Li only likes easier courses;
(2) Engineering courses are more difficult;
(3) All courses in the PR department are relatively easy;
(4) PR150 is a course of the PR department;
Please apply the inductive deductive reasoning to answer: What courses does Xiao Li like?
