West Electric Network Experiment

"Computer Communication and Network" Network Experiment

Notes for reading: All six experiments of Jiwang have been checked and accepted through offline operation (the next two are well-intentioned online), and writing the report is difficult to describe the process, so eNSP is used to reproduce the experiment content, so the process analysis of the report experiment is very important. It is based on eNSP, and at the same time ensures that the content and network topology are consistent with offline.

Experiment 1: Network basic knowledge and twisted pair production, access network equipment experiment

Pre-knowledge

Network Topology

Network topology : refers to the physical layout of various devices interconnected by transmission media, that is, the use of transmission media to connect devices in the network.

Network topology diagram : It shows the network configuration and mutual connection relationship between network devices, including star, ring, bus, distributed, tree, mesh, and honeycomb structures.

MAC address, IP address

MAC address : Media Access Control Address, physical address (Physical Address), hardware address, link address.

When the device is produced by the network device manufacturer, it is written in the EPROM of the device hardware. Every Ethernet network device has a unique and distinct MAC address. The MAC address is represented by a 12-digit hexadecimal number with a length of 48 bits. Write: 08:00:20:0A:8C:6D, 00-23-24-9A-8B-9C.

IP address : Internet Protocol Address, logical address, IPV4

It is used to mark the address of each node in the TCP/IP communication protocol. The 32-bit binary number is usually divided into 4 "8-bit binary numbers", usually written in the form of (abcd) in "dotted decimal", where , a, b, c, d are all decimal integers between 0 and 255.
IP address information: including network number and host number. The network number indicates the number of the network segment it belongs to, and the host number indicates the address number of the host. IP addresses are not allowed to be repeated within a LAN!

Subnet mask : netmask

The IP address and the subnet mask exist at the same time to indicate the subnet number to which the IP belongs. The binary number with a value of 1 in the subnet mask corresponds to the binary number in the IP address as the network number.

Network nodes belonging to the same subnet (network segment) can communicate directly!

Gateway : Gateway

Indicates the egress of the subnet. Only when the IP address of the gateway is set, the TCP/IP protocol can realize the mutual communication between different networks. If the IP and the gateway cannot communicate with each other, the terminal of this IP cannot communicate with the external network.

DNS : Domain Name System, domain name resolution service

As a distributed database that maps server domain names and IP addresses to each other, it can access the Internet more conveniently

static IP, dynamic IP

Static IP : fixed IP, once assigned to a node, it will not change automatically; nodes that provide external services in the network (such as servers, etc.), generally must use static IP

Dynamic IP : After each boot of the device, the client terminal will automatically request the IP and other information obtained from the DHCP server. Generally, a dynamic IP is used (the network port is set to be automatically obtained).

ipconfig, ping command

Network command ipconfig : View the configuration information of the network card

Network command ping : Test network connectivity, test the time required for the data packet to be transmitted from the source address to the target host, so as to judge the response time of the host.

Production of network twisted pair

1. Take out a section of twisted pair first, and peel off a small section of the outer skin
2. Untie and straighten the 4 wire pairs in reverse
3. Arranged according to the color sequence of the network parallel lines marked in 568B
4. Pinch the cable tightly and twist the thread ends
5. Insert the cable into the RJ45 network connector, insert it to the end, and the order of the wires cannot be messed up
6. Use crimping pliers to clamp firmly, and press it several times
7. Make two connectors at both ends of the network cable, and use a line tester to test the continuity of the line;
8. The indicator lights at both ends should flash corresponding to the serial number, indicating that the twisted pair line is normal

Network parallel line color sequence: 568B-national standard
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
white orange, orange, white green, blue, white blue, green, white brown, brown

Access to configure network devices

A switch is a network device based on MAC address identification that can complete the functions of encapsulating and forwarding data packets; the switch connects computers and other devices through communication media to form a local area network; the switch works at the second layer of the data link layer of the OSI reference
model . The network port of the switch is called LAN port.

Network port name number: 100M Ethernet1/0/1, which can be abbreviated as e1/0/1; GigabitEthernet1/0/25, which can be abbreviated as g1/0/25

A router is a network device that connects multiple local area networks or network segments. It can "translate" data information between different networks or network segments so that they can understand each other's data and form a larger network. Network (WAN Wide Area Network). There are many types of router interfaces, but the number is small, and they are connected to different local area networks.
Routers work on the third network layer of the OSI reference model and are used to divide a broadcast domain and send data from one network to another.

Common commands:

system-view Enter the system view mode, which can be abbreviated as sy, sys, etc.
sysname is the device name
display display, which can be abbreviated as di, dis, disp, etc.
display current-configuration displays the current configuration: commonly used
undo — delete, cancel after this command Operation;
undo shutdown Open the closed port
↑ ↓ Arrow keys: Bring up the previous/next historical command
After the abbreviation of the command, press the Tab key to complete the command

Purpose

1. Learn how to access network devices
2. Familiarity with the use of network-connected devices and accessories
3. Learn the methods and instructions of switch and router configuration management

Experimental content

1. Each group: 1 switch is connected to 3 PCs through network cables to build a small star Ethernet
2. Configure different ips of the same subnet for the 3 PCs, and use ipconfig to view the configuration information of the network card
3. Use the ping command: test the network connectivity from the source address of the machine to the target ip.
4. Configure the ip of different subnets for the PC, and ping test, etc., to understand the knowledge points about IP
5. Practice, test, understand the relevant knowledge points in this section, make experimental records, and understand network knowledge points
6. For the above operations, draw a network topology map, clearly mark relevant information, make experimental records, and understand network knowledge points
7. Exercise: Use the HyperTerminal software to access network devices skillfully through the CONSOLE port, and learn the common commands of the switch
8. display current-configuration: View configuration information and understand it
9. Make a standard network straight-through cable for every 2 people

Experimental process and results

Laboratory equipment

1 switch, 3 hosts, 3 network cables, 1 console cable

Build network topology

Assign different IPs under the same subnet to each host

ping test

can be pinged

Assign IPs under different subnets to each host

Change the subnet mask of PC1 to 255.255.255.254. At this time, PC1 and PC2 are in different subnets, and it is found that the ping is different.

So far, experiment content 1-4 is completed.

Access and configure network devices through the console line

The green line in the above network topology diagram is the Console line (other black lines are network lines)

Enter the PC1 serial port to view the configuration, name it switch, and view the current configuration

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname switch
[switch]un in en
[switch]display current-configuration

So far, experiment content 7-8 is completed.

Experiment 2: Switch VLAN-related experiments

Pre-knowledge

switch

• A switch is a device that completes the information exchange function in a communication system, and it is applied at the data link layer (the second layer of the OSI model);
• The switch has multiple ports, and each port has a bridging function;
• The work between the ports of the switch is simultaneous and parallel.

Switch working process

• A MAC table (display mac-address) is saved in the switch, and the MAC address table contains the port number and VLAN ID corresponding to the MAC address connected to the switch;
• When the switch receives a data packet from a certain port, it first reads the source MAC address in the packet header, so that it knows which port the machine with the source MAC address is connected to;
• Read the destination MAC address in the packet header, and look up the corresponding port in the MAC table;
• If there is a port corresponding to the destination MAC address in the table, the data packet is directly copied to this port. At this time, the switch can establish multiple concurrent communications, for example, 8 ports can establish 4 concurrent communications;
• If the corresponding port cannot be found in the table, the data packet is broadcast to all ports. When the destination machine responds to the source machine, the switch can learn which port the destination MAC address corresponds to, and it is no longer needed when transmitting data next time. All ports are broadcasted. This process is continuously cycled, and the MAC address information of the entire network can be learned. This is how a Layer 2 switch establishes and maintains its own address table (MAC table).

VLAN

• VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network): virtual local area network
• VLAN: logically divide the LAN devices into a network segment, so as to realize the data exchange technology of the virtual working group;
• Ethernet is a data network communication technology based on CSMA/CD carrier sense multiple access/collision detection) shared communication medium. When the number of hosts is large, it will lead to serious conflicts, broadcast flooding, significant performance degradation and even make the network unavailable. And other issues. Realize LAN interconnection through switches; although it can solve the serious problem of collision (Collision), it still cannot isolate broadcast messages. In this case, VLAN technology appears, which can divide a LAN into multiple virtual LANs—VLANs, each VLAN is a broadcast domain, and the communication between hosts in a VLAN is the same as in a LAN. However, different VLANs cannot directly communicate with each other. In this way, broadcast packets are limited to one VLAN.
• Advantages of VLAN: increase the flexibility of network connection, control the broadcast on the network, and increase the security of the network

Switch and VLAN division

Purpose

1. Understand the working process and port properties of switches;
2. Learn the basic setting method of the switch;
3. Master VLAN division and configuration commands.

Experimental content

1. Display current-configuration: View the configuration of the current network device;
2. Add several new vlans on a switch;
3. Add two ports to each newly added vlan;
4. Configure the IP address of the PC, and use the ping command to test whether the computers connected to the same vlan can communicate. Premise: The ip addresses of the PCs must be in the same subnet, such as PC1 and PC2.

Experimental process and results

Laboratory equipment

One switch, three hosts, three network cables, one console cable

Build network topology

configure vlan

[switch]vlan 2
[switch-vlan2]quit
[switch]interface g0/0/3
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 2
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit
[switch]display vlan

ping test

According to the network topology, PC1-3 is in the same subnet, but in different VLANs, PC1-2 is in VLAN1, and PC3 is in VLAN2. Therefore, PC1 and PC2 can ping successfully at this time, but cannot ping PC3.

The same is true.

VLAN division across switches

Purpose

1. Familiar with VLAN division across switches;
2. Familiar with port-based VLAN division;
3. Master the configuration method of the trunk port.

Experimental content

1. Connect the experimental equipment according to the topology;
2. Configure the IP address of the PC;
3. Switch 1 and switch 2 create vlan2 and vlan3 respectively, and assign corresponding ports;
4. Configure the trunk port;
5. Test Results.

Experimental process and results

Laboratory equipment

Two switches, four network cables, one trunk cable, one console cable, four hosts

Build network topology

Configure vlan and trunk port

For switch 1:

The experiment follows the above, so the port GE0/0/3 is already in vlan2 at this time, and the trunk port can be configured at this time

[switch]interface g0/0/1
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 1
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[switch]di vlan

For switch 2:

Not only to configure the trunk port, but also to assign port GE0/0/3 to vlan2 according to the network topology

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]vlan 2
[Huawei-vlan2]quit
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]vlan 2
[Huawei-vlan2]int g0/0/2
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 2
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[Huawei]int g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[Huawei]display vlan

ping test

As shown in the network topology, PC1-4 are in the same subnet, but PC1 and PC3 are in VLAN2, and PC2 and PC4 are in VLAN1, so the experimental results are as follows:

Experiment 3: Basic router configuration experiment

Pre-knowledge

router

A router is a device used to connect multiple networks or network segments. It can "translate" data information between different networks or network segments so that they can "read" each other's data, thereby form a larger network. The router determines the data forwarding channel through routing, and the forwarding strategy is called routing selection.

The router is the hub of interconnection between different networks, working in the third layer of the OSI reference model - the network layer

one-arm routing

• One-arm routing refers to the way of configuring sub-interfaces on an interface of the router to realize the interconnection and intercommunication between different virtual local area networks that were originally isolated from each other.
• Sub-interface of one-arm routing: The physical interface of the router can be divided into multiple logical interfaces, and these divided logical interfaces are called sub-interfaces vividly. These logical sub-ports cannot be opened or closed individually. When the physical interface is opened or closed, all the sub-interfaces of the interface are also opened or closed.
• vlan encapsulation protocol: vlan encapsulation has two protocols DOT1Q and ISL
• DOT1Q is a common VLAN protocol mode for various products, and is a commonly used standard, applicable
• All switches and routing equipment; ISL is a dedicated protocol for Cisco equipment, applicable to Cisco equipment

Router configuration and subnet switching

Purpose

1. Understand the role and usage of routers in the network
2. Master the basic configuration commands of the router
3. Understand the principles and methods of network address planning

Experimental content

1. Correctly configure the IP address, subnet mask and gateway of each PC
2. Check the switch VLAN port configuration status, select the appropriate port to form 2 LANs, and draw the network topology
3. Connect each network device according to the network topology diagram
4. Configure the router port address
5. View the current configuration parameters of the router
6. Test network connectivity

Experimental process and results

Laboratory equipment

One router, two switches, four hosts, several network cables, and one console cable

Network topology and corresponding settings

At the beginning, hosts in different subnets cannot be pinged

ip address assignment for router ports

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[R1]int e0/0/0
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0]int e0/0/1
[R1-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.2.1 24
[R1-Ethernet0/0/1]display ip routing-table

ping test

At this time, any host can ping through

Layer 3 switch

Experimental principle

Layer 3 switches can achieve the same effect as routers and realize communication between different network segments. The specific method is to divide the vlan, and then set the ip address of the vlan subport as the gateway of the host to achieve the effect of transmitting data packets.

Experimental process and results

Laboratory equipment

One switch, three hosts, several twisted pairs, one console line

Network topology and corresponding settings

switch vlan

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname switch
[switch]vlan batch 10 20 30
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[switch]int g0/0/1
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/3
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 30
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit
[switch]display vlan

Assign an ip address to the vlan subport of the switch

[switch]int Vlanif 10
[switch-Vlanif10]ip address 192.168.1.254 24
[switch-Vlanif10]int Vlanif 20
[switch-Vlanif20]ip address 192.168.2.254 24
[switch-Vlanif20]int Vlanif 30
[switch-Vlanif30]ip address 192.168.3.254 24
[switch-Vlanif30]quit

ping test

one-arm routing

Purpose

• In-depth understanding of virtual local area network division, encapsulation and communication principles
• Understand router subinterface concepts and encapsulation protocols
• Master the basic configuration commands of router subinterfaces

Experimental content

• Planning the Network Connection Topology
• Connect network devices according to the topology diagram
• Configure vlan information on the switch
• Configure the Ethernet port connected to the router on the switch to trunk mode
• Enter the sub-interface of the designated interface of the router, and configure the ip address of the sub-interface to encapsulate the dot1q protocol for the sub-interface
• Test with ping command on PC

Experimental process and results

Laboratory equipment

One router, one switch, three hosts, several network cables, one console cable

Network topology and corresponding settings

switch vlan

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname switch
[switch]vlan batch 2 3 4
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.

[switch]int g0/0/1
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 2

[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 3

[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/4
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port link-type access
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port default vlan 4

[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]int g0/0/3
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type trunk
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
[switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit

[switch]dis vlan

One-arm routing configuration subports

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname R1

[R1]int e0/0/0.1
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0.1]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0.1]dot1q termination vid 2
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0.1]arp broadcast enable

[R1-Ethernet0/0/0.1]int e0/0/0.2
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0.2]ip address 192.168.2.1 24
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0.2]dot1q termination vid 3
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0.2]arp broadcast enable

[R1-Ethernet0/0/0.2]int e0/0/0.3
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0.3]ip address 192.168.3.1 24
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0.3]dot1q termination vid 4
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0.3]arp broadcast enable

ping test

Experiment 4: Static routing configuration experiment

Pre-knowledge

static route

• Static routing refers to routing information manually configured by users or network administrators. When the network topology or link status changes, the network administrator needs to manually modify the relevant static routing information in the routing table;
• Suitable for relatively simple network environment;
• Disadvantages: Cannot automatically adapt to changes in network topology.

Static routing configuration experiment

Purpose

1. Master the principles and configuration methods of static routing
2. Master the method of viewing the routing table

Experimental content

1. Draw the network topology diagram and determine the ip address and other information of the actual network segment
2. Connect the hardware device according to the divided network segment, and then turn on the power supply;
3. Configure the computer ip address, subnet mask and gateway;
4. Configure router ip address and routing table;
5. Test network connection.

Experimental process and results

Laboratory equipment

Two routers, two hosts, several twisted pairs, two console lines

Network topology and corresponding settings

R1 port ip configuration and static routing configuration

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]int e0/0/1
[R1-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.254 24
[R1-Ethernet0/0/1]int e0/0/0
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.3.1 24
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0]quit
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 192.168.3.2
[R1]dis ip routing-table

R2 port ip configuration and static routing configuration

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]int e0/0/1
[R2-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.2.254 24
[R2-Ethernet0/0/1]int e0/0/0
[R2-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.3.2 24
[R2-Ethernet0/0/0]quit
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.3.1
[R2]dis ip routing-table

ping test

Experiment 5: DNS and DHCP server configuration under Windows

Pre-knowledge

Basic concepts of DNS

IP address : When a host on the Internet wants to access another host, it must know its IP address. The IP address is usually expressed in dotted decimal form, such as 192.168.0.1. Although the IP address can uniquely mark the computer on the network, the IP address has disadvantages such as being inconvenient to remember and unable to display the name and nature of the address organization.

Domain name : In order to make it easier for people to access the Internet, another character-based address scheme, the so-called domain name, was invented. A domain name consists of a string of names separated by dots, which is the name of a certain computer or computer group on the Internet, and is used to locate and identify the computer during data transmission.

DNS (Domain Name System): DNS is the acronym for Domain Name System, which is a computer and network service naming system organized into a domain hierarchy. The domain name system allows users to use friendly names instead of hard-to-remember IP addresses to access hosts on the Internet. When a user enters a DNS name into an application, the DNS server resolves the name to the IP address associated with the name.

DNS query mode :

1. Recursive Query: After the client sends a query request, the local DNS server tells the client the correct data (IP address), if the local DNS server does not have the required data, the DNS server will replace the client to other DNS Server query. The client only needs to contact the DNS server system once, and finally the local DNS server notifies the client that the data is found or the query fails.
2. Iterative Query: After the client sends a query request, if the DNS server does not contain the required data, it will tell the client the IP address of another DNS server, so that the client will automatically turn to another DNS server for query , and so on, until the last DNS server notifies the client that the data was found or the query failed.

Basic Concepts of DHCP

DHCP : DHCP is the abbreviation of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). In common small networks, IP addresses are generally assigned in a static manner, but in large and medium-sized networks, each computer is assigned a static IP address, which will increase the burden on network administrators and easily lead to IP address allocation. mistake. Therefore, it is very efficient to use DHCP service in large and medium-sized networks.

Advantages of DHCP service :

• Administrators can quickly verify IP addresses and other configuration parameters without having to check each host.
• Several options can be set for each DHCP range (or all ranges) (for example, the default gateway and the address of the DNS server can be set for each computer).
• DHCP will not lease the same IP address to two hosts from a range at the same time, avoiding the duplication of manual operations.
• If a host is physically moved to a different subnet, the DHCP server on that subnet will automatically reconfigure the host with the appropriate TCP/IP configuration information.
• It greatly facilitates the users of the laptop, and it is no longer necessary to assign an IP address for the laptop when moving to a different subnet.

The working process of DHCP service :

When the DHCP client starts, it will search whether there is a DHCP server in the network. If found, a request is sent to the DHCP server.

After the DHCP server receives the request, it selects the parameters of the TCP/IP configuration for the DHCP client and sends these parameters to the client.

DNS server configuration under Windows

Purpose

1. Understand the basic concepts and working principles of DNS servers;
2. Master the method of installing DNS server on Windows 2003 server;
3. Master the configuration method of DNS server;
4. Master the test method of DNS domain name resolution.

Experimental content

1. Install DNS server on Windows 2003 server;

2. Configure DNS server on Windows 2003 server;

   • Create DNS forward resolution zone;

   • Create a DNS reverse resolution zone;

3. Configure the computer to be a client of the DNS server;

   • Perform DNS forward resolution test on the client;

   • Perform a DNS reverse resolution test on the client.

Experimental process and results

The server is Windows Server 2003, the ip address is 192.168.5.5, and the subnet mask is 24 bits

The client is Windows XP, the ip address is 192.168.5.6, the subnet mask is 24 bits, and the DNS server address is 192.168.5.5

After adding two hosts named DNSserver and DNSclient to the main area of ​​xidian.edu.cn, the resource list of files is forward searched.

After adding two new pointers (host IP number and host name) to the 192.168.5.xsubnet main area, look up the file resource list in reverse.

Use the ping command to test DNS forward resolution: ping the domain name to get the host’s IP address information

Use nslookup to test DNS reverse resolution: nslookup IP address, get host domain name information

DHCP server configuration under Windows

Purpose

1. Understand the basic concepts and principles of DHCP server;
2. Master the method of installing DHCP server on Windows 2003 server;
3. Master the configuration method of DHCP server;
4. Master the method of dynamically obtaining the IP address of the client based on the DHCP server.

Experimental content

1. Install DHCP server on Windows 2003 server;

2. Configure DHCP server on Windows 2003 server;

   • Create an IP scope;

   • DHCP option configuration (default gateway, DNS, etc.);

   • Reserve specific IP addresses for specific clients;

3. Configuration and testing of DHCP client.

Experimental process and results

The server is Windows Server 2003, configured with a static ip address, the ip address is 192.168.5.5, and the subnet mask is 24 bits

The client is Windows XP, adopts DHCP service, automatically obtains ip address, and automatically obtains DNS server address

The configured ip address pool

DHCP client runs ipconfig/allthe command to view the obtained IP address information to confirm whether it is within the IP scope established by the DHCP server.

The DHCP client runs ipconfig /releasethe command to release the obtained IP address, and runs ipconfig /renewthe command to dynamically obtain the IP address again.

Experiment 6: WEB, FTP server configuration under Windows

Pre-knowledge

IIS and web related concepts

The basic concept of IIS : IIS (Internet Information Server) is a Web (web page) service component. When building a local area network, you can use IIS to build your own Web server, FTP server, NNTP server and SMTP server, which are used for web browsing , file transfer, news service and e-mail delivery, etc., it makes it easy to publish information on the network (including the Internet and local area networks).

World Wide Web (also known as Web, WWW or World Wide Web) is an information service system integrating text, sound, animation, video and other media information on the Internet. The whole system consists of Web server, browser (Browser) and communication protocol 3 Partial composition. The communication protocol adopted by WWW is Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP, HyperText Transfer Protocol), which can transmit any type of data object, and is the main application layer protocol for publishing multimedia information on the Internet. The information resources in the WWW are mainly composed of web pages as basic elements. All web pages are written in HyperText Markup Language (HTML, HyperText Markup Language). HTML implements the content, format and hyperlinks in web pages describe. Web pages are linked to each other in the form of hypertext (HyperText). Through these links, you can jump from this web page to another web page, which is the so-called hyperlink. There are tens of thousands of websites in the Internet, in order to accurately search. People use Uniform Resource Locator (URL, Uniform Resource Locator) to uniquely identify a network resource in the world. Its description format is: protocol://host name/path name/file name: port number

For example: http://www.xidian.edu.cn, the client program first sees http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), and knows that it is processing an HTML connection, and the next thing is the site address of www.xidian.edu.cn, http protocol The TCP protocol port used by default is 80, which can be omitted.

FTP related concepts

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a file transfer protocol. We can store a large number of shared software and free resources in the server. Network users can download files from the server, or upload resources on the client computer to the server. FTP is a standard protocol used to transfer files between clients and servers. It uses the client/server model, the client program tells the server the client's request, and displays the results sent back by the server. And the server side does the real work, like storing, sending files, etc. If the user wants to send a file from his computer to the FTP server, it is called FTP upload (Upload), and more often the user transfers the file or resource from the server to the client computer, which is called FTP download ( Download). There are many FTP servers on the Internet, and they often store many files that allow access, such as: text files, image files, program files, sound files, movie files, etc.

WEB server configuration under Windows

Purpose

1. Understand the basic concepts of IIS services;
2. Master the method of installing WEB server on Windows 2003 server;
3. Master the configuration method of WEB server;
4. Master the method of accessing the WEB server on the client side.

Experimental content

1. Install WEB server on Windows 2003 server;
2. Configure the WEB server on Windows 2003 server;
3. Access the WEB server on the client side.

Experimental process and results

The server is Windows Server 2003, the ip address is 192.168.5.5, and the subnet mask is 24 bits

The client is Windows XP, the ip address is 192.168.5.6, the subnet mask is 24 bits, and the DNS server address is 192.168.5.5

The default website, added a file Default.htm, the content is 114514

Added a website lbw, there are files web.htm, the content is lbwnb

the website attribute, the ip address is 192.168.5.5, the tcp port is 8080,
the setting page shows the access sequence

client through the browser (you can use the IP address or domain name) to access WEB sites (default and self-added sites)

It should be noted here that when accessing the default website, it may show that there is no permission, because there is no setting in the website properties, just set it according to the site properties you added.

FTP server configuration under Windows

Purpose

1. Understand the basic concepts and working principles of FTP;
2. Install FTP server method;
3. Method for configuring and managing FTP server;
4. The method for the client to access the FTP server.

Experimental content

1. Install FTP server on Windows 2003 server;
2. Configure FTP server on Windows 2003 server;
3. Access the FTP server on the client side.

Experimental process and results

The server is Windows Server 2003, the ip address is 192.168.5.5, and the subnet mask is 24 bits

The client is Windows XP, the ip address is 192.168.5.6, the subnet mask is 24 bits, and the DNS server address is 192.168.5.5

Properties of the FTP site added by

the client Client accesses the default FTP site

Client accesses the FTP site added by oneself

Double-click the FTP main directory file to open the file. Right-click the file name, and then select "Copy to Folder", a dialog box as shown in the figure will pop up, select the path to save the file, and click OK to download the file to the specified local folder.

Familiar with using ftp, command test ftp+ip 地址, log in to the ftp default site, enter the user name and password of the server

ftp>get+文件名The command downloads files from the ftp server

ftp> put+文件名and uploads the files in the current directory to the ftp server.

Since only the read permission is granted to the site at this time, but not the download permission, the file cannot be uploaded.

Experimental experience

Through this semester's study of computer network courses and experiments, I have a better understanding of computer networks, a deeper understanding, and more interest in computer networks. Everyone discussed some problems encountered in the basic computer learning together, and got a lot of inspiration from each other. In particular, each experimental class is based on a small team. This not only enables us to complete the experiment quickly, but also cultivates the spirit of teamwork. When different people play different roles during the experiment, they can also share their experience in the experiment, which plays a complementary role.

We have learned: the production and testing of twisted pair wires, we have known several kinds of network cables in LAN and their respective characteristics; we have learned to use twisted pair wires to make network cables; The role of vlan; learned DNS, DHCP, WEB, FTP related knowledge

Computer network experiments let us familiarize ourselves with the basic functions and functions of routers, understand the concept of proxy services and master the methods and processes of configuring proxy servers, and experience some concepts of collaborative learning. I hope that I will have the opportunity to get in touch with relevant knowledge about computer networks in the future, and I hope to get more inspiration from it and apply it to work and life.