1. Construction background
At present, the international situation and extreme climate pose a huge challenge to food security. Protecting cultivated land is to protect national food security, which is related to sustainable economic and social development and social harmony and stability. In 2022, the No. 1 Central Document was released, which clearly stated that "the strictest cultivated land protection system" should be "implemented" and the hard measures of "long teeth" cultivated land protection should be implemented. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also clearly made the important deployment of "consolidating the foundation of food security in an all-round way, firmly guarding the red line of 1.8 billion mu of arable land, and ensuring that the Chinese people's rice bowl is firmly in their own hands", requiring continued implementation of "storage of grain in the Land, storage of grain in technology" strategic move. "
Establishing an effective and reliable arable land protection supervision system, preventing the "non-agricultural" and "non-grain" of arable land, and implementing the balance of arable land occupation and compensation are key measures to ensure that the "red line of 1.8 billion mu of arable land remains unchanged". In fact, the supervision of cultivated land protection is cross-departmental and cross-level, involving multiple departments such as natural resources, agriculture and rural areas, forestry and grassland, and law enforcement. The data sources of each department are also very complicated, and the management methods are different. Information cannot be shared in real time , the accounts of cultivated land are often unclear and difficult to unify. On the other hand, the illegal occupation of cultivated land mainly relies on satellite image law enforcement and manual verification, which takes a long time and is inefficient, and post-event punishment is more than pre-warning. Therefore, the expropriation of arable land resources is still very common, and the situation of arable land "going up the mountain and down the river" still happens from time to time.
Facing the high-quality development requirements in the new era of ecological civilization construction, the reform of the land system, the land use situation of the land spatial pattern optimization, the strategic deployment of rural revitalization, agricultural and rural modernization, and carbon peak carbon neutrality, the work of farmland protection and supervision is facing a new challenge. It is urgent to form a systematic and comprehensive plan from a full-cycle perspective, a full-factor perspective, and a full-service perspective, and use digital technology to establish a cultivated land protection supervision system and technical starting point for the "trinity" of quantity, quality, and ecology.
2. Construction goals
The comprehensive supervision system for smart cultivated land protection is based on the implementation of the requirements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council on strengthening the protection of cultivated land, relying on the results of the third national land survey data, focusing on the latest round of permanent basic farmland delineation results, and comprehensively applying artificial intelligence AI , a new generation of 3D GIS, big data, high-resolution remote sensing and other technologies, and build a cultivated land protection and supervision intelligent governance system with "problem-oriented, highlighted closed-loop management, multi-dimensional and three-dimensional supervision, and strict adherence to the red line of cultivated land" as the core, so as to realize the precise perception and intelligence of cultivated land protection Identification, dynamic early warning, scientific decision-making, using the iron wall of digital technology to help the natural resources department strengthen the "teeth" hard measures of cultivated land protection.
3. Construction ideas
Guided by the requirement of "implementing the most stringent cultivated land protection system", aiming at the "trinity" protection of the quantity, quality and ecology of cultivated land, focusing on preventing the "non-agriculturalization" of cultivated land and preventing the "non-grain conversion" of cultivated land, with Guided by the requirements of refined management of cultivated land, comprehensively analyzed the business model and current shortcomings of cultivated land protection, and developed the "intelligent cultivated land protection comprehensive supervision system" by adopting the construction idea of "three preventions, four incidents and five actions". Empower cultivated land protection with digital intelligent governance, realize normalized, dynamic, precise and continuous supervision of cultivated land, solve work blockages, improve cultivated land protection and scientific supervision level, and provide technical support for strictly adhering to the red line of cultivated land and building a solid foundation for food security
4. Construction content
4.1 Data collection and convergence system
Cultivated land resource data
Soil moisture, crop growth environment, soil entropy and other content collected by IoT devices. It is mainly realized by using the farmland monitoring facilities of the Internet of Things, and the data is aggregated and reported to the main system through the unified Internet of Things communication gateway.
A map of natural resources and remote sensing data from satellites and drones
Based on remote sensing orthophoto images, the surface coverage types of key monitoring areas are monitored according to a certain period of time, and UAVs are used to regularly supplement high-precision aerial images of the monitored areas.
Intelligent Video Surveillance Data
Access to real-time third-party surveillance cameras, such as video surveillance data collected by high-definition high-power digital surveillance cameras deployed by public security, traffic, and comprehensive management, and make full use of existing tower resources to appropriately supplement high-definition cameras in key areas. After the system coordinates the data, combined with artificial intelligence technology, it performs area identification, edge monitoring, data cutting, spatial analysis and matching and comparison on the cultivated land captured by the video. Occupancy of cultivated land within the scope.
Cultivated land dynamic monitoring data
Make full use of basic data such as national land survey, two-zone delineation, high-standard farmland, cultivated land, etc., to determine the vector range of cultivated land and other land use, and extract key attribute data of plots, including map sheet number, plot code, and land type name , planting attributes, plot area, and other associated attributes.
4.2 One map system for cultivated land protection
Sorting out the data related to the status quo, planning and supervision of cultivated land protection, relying on the basic land space information platform and the "one map" of three-dimensional natural resources, establish a data warehouse for cultivated land protection, and gather high-standard farmland, cultivated land quality grades, and grain functions Areas, permanent basic farmland and reserve areas, investigation and evaluation of cultivated land reserve resources, reclamation of cultivated land, cultivated land quality improvement (reclamation) projects, non-agricultural and non-grain Tuban, "non-agricultural" and "non-grain" remediation of cultivated land, etc. Data resources, integrating "real scene 3D", DEM and other 3D space data, form a 3D three-dimensional "one map" of cultivated land protection with full coverage, complete elements, integrated map and data, index linkage, and timely update.
Based on the three-dimensional "one map" of cultivated land protection, one-screen dynamic macro visualization of the current situation, goals, and trends of cultivated land is realized, and the account of the quantity of cultivated land, the account of cultivated land quality, the account of cultivated land ecology, the account of use control, the account of potential excavation and supervision are presented in detail Rectify the six account books, display the quantity, quality, and ecological changes of cultivated land in multiple dimensions, grasp the use of cultivated land resources in detail, and further explore the potential of cultivated land, study and judge the stock risk of cultivated land problems, timely early warning of new problems, and rectification and supervision of supervision problems Etc., realizing intelligent management.
At the same time, calculate the general ledger, incoming account, outgoing account, and special account, and visually present the balance of cultivated land occupation and replenishment and the balance of entry and exit according to space, indicators, and projects. Occupy one to supplement one, and occupy paddy fields to supplement paddy fields.
4.3 Big Data Supervision and Analysis System
Organically integrate and unify the collected multi-source heterogeneous and multi-temporal remote sensing images, video images and basic data, combine AI technology to conduct comprehensive analysis, and identify the "non-agriculturalization, non-grainization" of cultivated land and the red line of cultivated land Intelligent identification and spatial intelligent perception of monitoring, illegal occupation of cultivated land, idle land, etc., to improve the level of intelligent analysis in the protection of cultivated land. The transition from supervision to dynamic supervision, from post-event discovery to pre-event supervision, from passive discovery to active discovery, and from single supervision to comprehensive system, realizes "early detection, early warning, and early disposal" of farmland violations.
4.4 Cultivated land protection task execution system
Automatically process system alarms, generate a list of responsible tasks, and perform automatic scheduling according to task levels and locations where tasks occur. It can also set up periodic tasks to process and analyze the original data and updated data of cultivated land, and accept public supervision reports through public accounts, websites and other channels to obtain monitoring tasks for abnormal areas, accept reports, and combine OCR, semantic recognition and other technologies effectively extract the content of the report, and finally release the scheduling task through verification. Use "Internet +" to promote multi-subject and multi-level coordination of cultivated land protection and supervision. For example, for the supervision of "two illegals", the business department can carry out illegal identification, task distribution and rectification tracking on the cloud; the management personnel can conduct illegal verification, evidence collection, information reporting and other operations on the mobile terminal. Specifically, on the cloud/PC side, it can be managed according to the classification of basic farmland, cultivated land, supplementary cultivated map spots, etc., and through the "spatial code" to integrate the location of plots, priority of plot utilization, violations of laws and regulations, etc., to realize the disclosure of cultivated land information , Supervision, feedback, problem discovery, identification, disposal and rectification "one-code tracking".
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