Description of the path of each file mentioned in the blog: (My apache is installed in "D:\webtools\Apache2.4"). My apache version is Apache/2.4.17 (Win64), the latest version download address: http: / /httpd.apache.org/

document	path
httpd.exe	D:\webtools\Apache2.4\bin
httpd.conf	D:\webtools\Apache2.4\conf
httpd-vhosts.conf	D:\webtools\Apache2.4\conf
hosts	C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts

If you fail to restart apache after configuration, you can check for syntax errors by running: httpd -t on the command line

1. Port monitoring

The port monitoring setting of apache refers to setting which ports of the current server the apache software provides services for. Usually browsers provide web requests, but some requests are not within the service range of apache (ports do not match)

1.1 Set up multi-port monitoring

Just add the listening port directly in httpd.conf.

#
# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
# directive.
#
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80
#添加要监听的端口
Listen 8080

 
 
  
  
   
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2. Host configuration

A host, the core is two things:

Host (site) name: ServerName "hostname"
- Actual Folder Location of Host (Site): DocumentRoot "Actual Full Path to Site"

The role of apache is actually a "conversion" role: to display a certain folder in the current computer as a certain domain name (site) to the outside world. In other words: the essence of a site is a folder.

#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
#ServerName localhost:8080
ServerName localhost

#
# Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must
# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other
# <Directory> blocks below.
#
<Directory />
    AllowOverride none
    Require all denied
</Directory>

#
# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as
# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
# below.
#

#
# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
#修改默认的配置，设置为E:/www为站点根目录
DocumentRoot "E:/www"
<Directory "E:/www">
    #
    # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
    # or any combination of:
    #   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
    #
    # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
    # doesn't give it to you.
    #
    # The Options directive is both complicated and important.  Please see
    # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options
    # for more information.
    #用于显示设定“可显示文件列表”(当无可显示网页的时候)
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

    #
    # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
    # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
    #   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
    # 允许.htaccess文件覆盖设置
    AllowOverride All

    #
    # Controls who can get stuff from this server.
    # 控制谁能访问这台服务器，这是apache2.4中的用法
    # 原来版本为
    # Order deny,allow
    # Allow from all

    Require all granted
</Directory>

 
 
  
  
   
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When a request enters the current apache through domain name resolution and the port configuration is successful, apache will start to "provide services".

Find the ServerName item in the site settings to see if it matches the host name in the request
- 如果找到，则在对应的目录(DocumentRoot配置项)中找相应的文件
- 如果找到，则返回该文件(或调用php语言模块执行后返回)
- 如果第2步没有找到对应请求中的主机名，那么将第一个主机当作准备提供服务的主机

因此:只要ip解析和端口能够进入当前服务器并匹配apache端口设定，则apache一定会提供服务，即使主机名不匹配

当修改主机根目录后访问可能会造成Forbidden,You don't have permission to access / on this server.这是由于文件夹的访问是有权限的,初始的站点所对应的文件夹，安装的时候已经设置好权限了。现在改了，需要进行设置。

3. 配置文件夹访问权限

权限中部分设置见2中的代码内容。以下内容apache可以设定“默认网页”以提供给用户

#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
<IfModule dir_module>
    #这里是对全局(所有站点，所有文件夹)都起作用
    DirectoryIndex index.html index.php index.htm
</IfModule>

 
 
  
  
   
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此时，对于没有指定要访问明确的网页请求，会按顺序从前往后找这些文件，找到后就在返回给用户浏览器中显示出来。但是如果没有找到，此时,Options中的Indexes发挥作用:显示该文件夹中所有文件和文件夹
我们可以将DirectoryIndex设置项单独放在站点文件夹区域设置中,则只对该单独的站点或文件夹起作用

<Directory "E:/www">
    #用于显示设定“可显示文件列表”(当无可显示网页的时候)
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

    # 允许.htaccess文件覆盖设置
    AllowOverride All

    # 控制谁能访问这台服务器，这是apache2.4中的用法
    # 原来版本为
    # Order deny,allow
    # Allow from all
    Require all granted

    #设置默认显示页面,只对该文件夹(及其子文件夹)有效
    DirectoryIndex phpinfo.php
</Directory>
 
 
  
  
   
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4. 主机别名设置

在应用中，通常用一下两种方式来访问同一个站点: http://www.chris.com http://chris.com

此时，就相当于”2个站点(主机名)”但访问的是同一个内容

这需要使用主机别名来实现,在多站点设置中会使用到

ServerAlias 别名1 别名2 别名3

当然，如果在本机上访问，记得配置对应的hosts文件，否则仍然无效

5. 目录别名设置

目录别名也叫虚拟目录，对于实际存在的目录，可以直接按正常的文件夹访问层级关系来访问，但是对于不存在的目录，我们可以通过配置项，做到对外看起来存在一样:

比如:http://www.study.com/soft/ 站点中不存在该目录，正常访问会出现NOT FOUND,但是可以通过设置让该地址访问

<IfModule alias_module>
    #Alias /soft "真实路径"
    Alias /soft "E:/www/study/study/"
</IfModule>

 
 
  
  
   
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设置之后会出现Forbidden,解决方法和2中一样。

6. 文件夹访问控制的文件控制方式

通常，我们在config配置文件中，使用Directory配置项，目的是用来控制文件夹的访问权限。
但我们也可以使用一个独立的文件来控制某文件夹的访问权限。
该文件名必须是： .htaccess

注意:

只有后缀和点号（无文件名部分）
- 该文件必须放在要被控制访问权限的文件夹中（不同的文件夹可以放不同的该文件）
- 其“上级文件夹”（通常是Directory设定中的文件夹）必须使用如下代码允许.htaccess发挥作用：
  AllowOverride All
- .htaccess文件中出现代码，几乎可以跟Directory设定中出现的代码一样。
- 如果.htaccess文件有效，则其设置会覆盖其上级设置。
- 此.htaccess文件修改后可以立即发挥作用，无需重启apache

7. 多站点设置

7.1 在http.conf中打开多站点配置模块

# Virtual hosts
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
 
 
  
  
   
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将其前面的分号去掉改为:

# Virtual hosts
Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
 
 
  
  
   
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7.2 在httpd-vhosts.conf文件中修改默认站点根目录

这是对于apache2.4来说，如果你原先httpd.conf中的根目录修改了，那么这里也要改，因为打开多站点功能后该设置会覆盖httpd.conf文件中的部分设置。否则可能会出现Forbidden。

#下一行为默认设置，端口默认为80,必须为httpd.conf中你监听的端口
<VirtualHost _default_:80>
#下一行为默认设置，由于我的默认站点根目录修改了，所以在这里也要将它改掉，否则会出现Forbidden
#DocumentRoot "${SRVROOT}/htdocs"
DocumentRoot "E:/www"
#ServerName www.example.com:80
</VirtualHost>
 
 
  
  
   
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7.3 配置站点

你可以按照它给的例子


#<VirtualHost *:80>
#    ServerAdmin [email protected]
#    DocumentRoot "${SRVROOT}/docs/dummy-host.example.com"
#    ServerName dummy-host.example.com
#    ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com
#    ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error.log"
#    CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access.log" common
#</VirtualHost>
 
 
  
  
   
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以下是我的设置:


#下一行"*:80"在httpd.conf的配置文件中必须监听该端口
<VirtualHost *:80>
    #设置主机名
    ServerName www.study.com
    #设置主机别名，即用该别名也可以访问(前提是域名解析正确)
    ServerAlias study.com
    #设置该站点根目录
    DocumentRoot "E:/www/study"
    #设置文件夹访问控制，其路径要和上一行的DocumentRoot一样,
    <Directory "E:/www/study">
        #用于显示设定“可显示文件列表”(当无可显示网页的时候)
        Options Indexes
        #启用文件夹访问控制的文件.htaccess设置
        AllowOverride All
        #请求控制
        Require all granted
        #默认打开的页面设置
        DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

#···依照上面的方法，可以设置多个站点
 
 
  
  
   
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切记:配置好后一定要修改hosts文件，包括设置的主机名和别名都要添加上。否则缺少这一步还是没用。

Apache2.4 virtual host and multi-site configuration