The first stage: the origin of technology : the world's first computer - ENIAC - released on 1946/2/14 , under the influence of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, continuous technological breakthroughs, in this case, constant urging ( propelled by the military and the government ), the evolution of Moore's Law ( the introduction of Moore's Law --- the possibility of computer miniaturization ), while early computers were mainly used in the military field ( Eniac, mainly used for computing missile trajectory ), the government and the military cooperate with research institutions and universities to invest a lot of money to continuously promote technological progress

The second stage: Technology Incubation: After the new technology is born, some people start to sell their own new technology. At this time, a batch of products are hatched. The most typical businessmen: Jobs, Musk , products: small computer + operating system , constantly packaging new products Technology, sold to common people

The third stage: product globalization: products are sold to the world, and a large number of companies are produced

c. The story of the operating system (software)

History of computer software and hardware development:

Computer hardware:

IBM: The products born are only used by enterprises, universities and research institutions

Apple (hardware + software (OS)): Although expensive, the product quality is quite good, and many people rush to buy it. Because of the different concepts, Apple's products are of high quality and expensive

computer software:

Microsoft (software OS): "idea": everyone will be able to use a computer in the future, and the computer will be equipped with windows

IBM+Microsoft: IBM always believes that the only people who can afford computers are enterprises and universities, leading to parting ways

Intel + Microsoft : The quality of the products produced is poor, but the main cost performance

d.Linux operating system

Linux operating system - open source

Linux origin:

University of Helsinki: Linus Benedict Torvalds in 1991 -> Tried an operating system equipped with a Unix system, and wondered whether he could make a similar operating system ( Unix charges ), and did it during college Created its own operating system (demo), named it Linux ( Linux is not Unix ) after writing it , and made it free and open source, top hackers, engineers, opponents of paid operating systems , willing to participate in the project for free, Linux operation The system is getting bigger and bigger, the current Linux operating system code volume: 60-80 million lines

The Linux operating system is getting bigger and bigger, and it is adopted by Internet companies as the background

After Google-Android (Linux kernel)-open source, the development of domestic smart phones is extremely rapid

Not only our computers and mobile phones need to use operating systems, but Internet companies also need to choose their own back-end operating systems. Our requirements: stable, safe, fast, and low cost ( easy to use, fast, safe, and stable )

Question: Is the quality of open source code better or closed source, and the code quality (stable, safe, fast) is better?

Open source code, higher quality

Internet companies: hope that the system, free of money, safe, stable, fast, fully compliant with Linux

2.Linux refined features

a. open source

Mostly Free, College, Safe, Stable

b. More used by professionals

3. Linux application scenarios

a. Internet company's server backend

b. Used in smart devices (mobile phone, TV...)

c. Embedded scene

4. Linux version

a. Commercial version

Linux commercial distribution

b. Technical version

Note: XXX-YYY-ZZZ (X: major version number, Y: minor version number, Z: modification times)

5. Installation of Linux environment

1. Bare metal or dual system (not recommended)

2. Virtual machine installation (not recommended)

3. Cloud server (recommended)

Reason: Simple installation, low maintenance cost, good learning effect

In the enterprise, the cloud server is actually used similarly.

Three mainstream manufacturers:

Alibaba Cloud ( Alibaba Cloud - computing, for the value that cannot be calculated )

Bloggers use Alibaba Cloud servers

Tencent Cloud ( Tencent Cloud Industry Smart Change · Cloud Inspires the Future-Tencent )

HUAWEI CLOUD ( Premium Zone_Cloud Server_Cloud Hosting_Enterprise Cloud-HUAWEI CLOUD )

4. Install the link tool (connect to the cloud server, must be connected to the Internet)

Download Xshell

Enter the command line:

ssh root@云服务器公网IP

enter password:

An error may be reported, but it is a normal phenomenon. It may be that the connection tool and cloud server have poor compatibility in display.

Now enter the Aliyun server

Quite a lot of learning users are students and want to prostitute a cloud server for free, so yes, a few people can buy a cloud server together, and multiple people can share it

//创建新用户
adduser Yan
//设置新用户密码
passwd Yan

The default password is not echoed

At this time, the creation is successful, and it can be used normally. If the account password is given to someone else and the other party does not give money :

passwd 用户名

You can modify the username and password

When we want to delete the user then:

【Linux】Linux environment and history

1. History of Linux development

a. What is it?

b. Computer development (hardware)

Silicon Valley Model: