What is Homebrew?
Homebrew is a package manager for mac. You only need to execute the corresponding command to download and install the required software package, which can save you from downloading, decompressing, dragging (installing) and other cumbersome steps. For example, to install server nginx, open the terminal and execute the following command to install:
brew install nginxcopy
Homebrew official documentation https://brew.sh/
How to install Homebrew
Method 1: The installation script of brew official website
Excuting an order:
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install.sh)"copy
At this time, there may be a problem: either the download speed is extremely slow, or the following prompt will appear directly
curl: (7) Failed to connect to raw.githubusercontent.com port 443: Connection refusedcopy
Reason: This is caused by unstable access to http://raw.githubusercontent.com .
At this time, it is necessary to change to a scientific and efficient installation method, that is, method two.
Method 2: brew image installation script (pro-test is the fastest and most effective)
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/ineo6/homebrew-install/install)"copy
The script uses the image of the University of Science and Technology of China to speed up access, and only modifies the warehouse address, which will not cause security risks. About the Homebrew mirror service provided by the University of Science and Technology of China https://lug.ustc.edu.cn/wiki/mirrors/help/brew.git
Note: Pay attention to the speed here, hundreds of kib/s or several m/s are normal. If there are only a few kib/s, it is usually an invalid installation method, and an error will be reported after loading tens of percent.
How to avoid pitfalls when installing Homebrew
1. If Error: Checksum mismatch appears.
The error code is as follows:
curl: (56) LibreSSL SSL_read: SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL, errno 54
Error: Checksum mismatch.
Expected: b065e5e3783954f3e65d8d3a6377ca51649bfcfa21b356b0dd70490f74c6bd86
Actual: e8a348fe5d5c2b966bab84052062f0317944122dea5fdfdc84ac6d0bd513c137
Archive: /Users/joyce/Library/Caches/Homebrew/portable-ruby-2.6.3_2.yosemite.bottle.tar.gz
To retry an incomplete download, remove the file above.
Error: Failed to install Homebrew Portable Ruby (and your system version is too old)!
Failed during: /usr/local/bin/brew update --forcecopy
Here is the installation interruption caused by the portable-ruby-2.6.3_2.yosemite.bottle.tar.gz file in the Homebrew directory. You only need to go to the corresponding path above, delete this file, and execute the installation command again:
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/ineo6/homebrew-install/install)"copy
2. If stuck in Cloning into...
Judging by the slow speed here, it can be concluded that it is stuck, immediately use Control + C to interrupt the script, and then execute the following command:
cd "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/"
mkdir homebrew && cd homebrew
git clone git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.gitcopy
After execution, you can see:
The speed is so fast that it flies up immediately, and it can be installed in one go.
Note: Installation successful! or Checking out files: 100% (5392/5392), done. appears at the end, indicating that the installation was successful.
Why does Homebrew need to be configured after installation
As mentioned earlier, Homebrew is usually used to download software, but it is very slow when installing software. In order to improve the installation speed, it is necessary to change the installation source of Homebrew and replace it with a domestic mirror.
The Homebrew image hosted and maintained by the University of Science and Technology of China is used here. Among them, the first two items must be configured, and the latter two items can be configured on demand.
1. Required settings
- Replace brew.git with:
git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/brew.gitcopy
- Replace homebrew-core.git with:
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.gitcopy
2. Set as needed
- Replace homebrew-cask.git with:
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-cask.gitcopy
- Replace homebrew-bottles:
First of all, you must first distinguish which terminal tool your mac uses. If it is bash, execute:
echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profilecopy
If it is zsh, execute:
echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrccopy
Note: Homebrew is mainly composed of four parts: brew, homebrew-core, homebrew-cask, homebrew-bottles, and their corresponding functions are as follows:
| composition |
Function |
|---|---|
| Homebrew |
source code repository |
| homebrew-core |
Homebrew core sources |
| homebrew-cask |
Provides installation of macos apps and large binaries |
| homebrew-bottles |
precompiled binary packages |
What are the basic usage of Homebrew
// 查询：
brew search 软件名
// 安装：
brew install 软件名
// 卸载：
brew uninstall 软件名
// 更新 Homebrew：
brew update
// 查看 Homebrew 配置信息：
brew config copy
Note: Using the official script will also encounter the problem that the uninstall address cannot be accessed, which can be replaced with the following script:
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/ineo6/homebrew-install/uninstall)"copy
reference article
Quickly install Homebrew tutorial on mirroring under mac
write at the end
I have tried several installation methods before this, such as downloading a brew_install.rb file, and then executing the command ruby brew_install.rb. It worked at the beginning, but an error will be reported in the middle of the download, and the error method is different. I also tried several corresponding solutions, but they all died in the end. Only this mirror installation can be successful, and the download speed is very fast.